Axonal Localization of Integrins in the CNS Is Neuronal Type and
... heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that bind extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules to induce cell proliferation, survival, and promote outgrowth (Hynes, 2002). These proteins are an integral part of CNS development, but many become downregulated in neurons upon CNS maturation (Hammarberg et al., 20 ...
... heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that bind extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules to induce cell proliferation, survival, and promote outgrowth (Hynes, 2002). These proteins are an integral part of CNS development, but many become downregulated in neurons upon CNS maturation (Hammarberg et al., 20 ...
Coordinate Roles for LIM Homeobox Genes in Directing the
... fact that many genes of this class control earlier developmental decisions—the regulation of neural pattern, cell specification, and cell survival (Hobert and Westphal, 2000). Genetic analyses have revealed an essential role for Isl1 in the generation of motor neurons (Pfaff et al., 1996), but any p ...
... fact that many genes of this class control earlier developmental decisions—the regulation of neural pattern, cell specification, and cell survival (Hobert and Westphal, 2000). Genetic analyses have revealed an essential role for Isl1 in the generation of motor neurons (Pfaff et al., 1996), but any p ...
The beginning of connectomics: a commentary on White
... done is clear in general outline: i.e. isolate mutants affecting ...
... done is clear in general outline: i.e. isolate mutants affecting ...
NEURAL ACTIVITY RELATED TO ANTICIPATED REWARD:
... species, extending from pigeons to humans, value judgments are subject to time-discounting. A reward of a given size is perceived as having greater or lesser value according to whether delivery is anticipated after a shorter or longer delay (Cardinal et al. 2001; Evenden and Ryan 1996; Herrnstein 1 ...
... species, extending from pigeons to humans, value judgments are subject to time-discounting. A reward of a given size is perceived as having greater or lesser value according to whether delivery is anticipated after a shorter or longer delay (Cardinal et al. 2001; Evenden and Ryan 1996; Herrnstein 1 ...
Nerve Cells and Insect Behavior—Studies on Crickets1 This report
... As shown in Figure 7 the nervous system is divided into discrete ganglia. Moreover, each ganglion (and even nerve cells) has a bilateral and a mirror image arrangement (Huber, 1989). This facilitates studies of segmental motoneuronal (Bentley, 1969; Hennig, 1989) and neuromuscular interactions respo ...
... As shown in Figure 7 the nervous system is divided into discrete ganglia. Moreover, each ganglion (and even nerve cells) has a bilateral and a mirror image arrangement (Huber, 1989). This facilitates studies of segmental motoneuronal (Bentley, 1969; Hennig, 1989) and neuromuscular interactions respo ...
Task-dependent plasticity of spectrotemporal receptive fields in
... (STRFs) in primary auditory cortex of the behaving ferret are reviewed in the context of current research on cortical plasticity. Ferrets were trained on spectral tasks, including tone detection and two-tone discrimination, and on temporal tasks, including gap detection and click-rate discrimination ...
... (STRFs) in primary auditory cortex of the behaving ferret are reviewed in the context of current research on cortical plasticity. Ferrets were trained on spectral tasks, including tone detection and two-tone discrimination, and on temporal tasks, including gap detection and click-rate discrimination ...
Cranial Nerves
... eyeball, and the circular muscle which is around the iris (the colored part of the eye). This second branch also innervates the inferior rectus muscle of the eye. Cranial Nerve IV is the trochlear Nerve. This nerve is mixed, and innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye, which also controls ...
... eyeball, and the circular muscle which is around the iris (the colored part of the eye). This second branch also innervates the inferior rectus muscle of the eye. Cranial Nerve IV is the trochlear Nerve. This nerve is mixed, and innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye, which also controls ...
Chapter 8 The Nervous System
... located in the gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord Axons leave the spinal cord in the anterior roots of spinal nerves, extend to sympathetic or collateral ganglia, and synapse with several postganglionic neurons whose axons extend to spinal or autonomic nerves to ...
... located in the gray matter of the thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord Axons leave the spinal cord in the anterior roots of spinal nerves, extend to sympathetic or collateral ganglia, and synapse with several postganglionic neurons whose axons extend to spinal or autonomic nerves to ...
PDF Mynark - American Kinesiology Association
... single synapse. This basic pathway has been studied extensively over the past century, yet considerable information continues to emerge concerning the manner in which this pathway adapts to aging. It is well accepted that the amplitude of the spinal stretch reflex declines with normal aging, and it ...
... single synapse. This basic pathway has been studied extensively over the past century, yet considerable information continues to emerge concerning the manner in which this pathway adapts to aging. It is well accepted that the amplitude of the spinal stretch reflex declines with normal aging, and it ...
Control of breathing by interacting pontine and
... chemo-sensory afferents, including those from the lungs, tracheobronchial tree and carotid bifurcation, provide feedback signals involving in the homeodynamic control of breathing, cardiovascular function, and different types of motor behaviors coordinated with breathing, such as coughing (see Loewy ...
... chemo-sensory afferents, including those from the lungs, tracheobronchial tree and carotid bifurcation, provide feedback signals involving in the homeodynamic control of breathing, cardiovascular function, and different types of motor behaviors coordinated with breathing, such as coughing (see Loewy ...
PREFERENTIAL POTENTIATION OF WEAKER INPUTS TO PRIMARY
... strengthen) is profoundly influenced by various chemical signals released in the nervous system (neuromodulators). Such modulatory effects may be preferential for different types of synapses. For example, cortical acetylcholine (ACh) has been shown to result in a relative enhancement of thalamocorti ...
... strengthen) is profoundly influenced by various chemical signals released in the nervous system (neuromodulators). Such modulatory effects may be preferential for different types of synapses. For example, cortical acetylcholine (ACh) has been shown to result in a relative enhancement of thalamocorti ...
neural projections from nucleus accumbens to globus pallidus
... electrophysiological recordings were made from single neurons in these regions to map the location of units that respond to electrical stimulation of the nucleus accumbens. Recordings also were made from neurons in dorsal parts of the GP (GPd) before the microelectrode was lowered to the GP, and the ...
... electrophysiological recordings were made from single neurons in these regions to map the location of units that respond to electrical stimulation of the nucleus accumbens. Recordings also were made from neurons in dorsal parts of the GP (GPd) before the microelectrode was lowered to the GP, and the ...
Disc1Point Mutations in Mice Affect Development of the Cerebral
... dividing (BrdU ⫹ and Ki67 ⫺) divided by the total number of BrdU ⫹ cells. Only a small significant increase in the percentage of BrdU ⫹/Ki67 ⫺ cells was observed with the L100P mutants, but not the Q31L mutants, when compared to WT. All data are presented as mean ⫾ SEM; *p ⬍ 0.05, **p ⬍ 0.01 vs WT. ...
... dividing (BrdU ⫹ and Ki67 ⫺) divided by the total number of BrdU ⫹ cells. Only a small significant increase in the percentage of BrdU ⫹/Ki67 ⫺ cells was observed with the L100P mutants, but not the Q31L mutants, when compared to WT. All data are presented as mean ⫾ SEM; *p ⬍ 0.05, **p ⬍ 0.01 vs WT. ...
Vision for Prehension in the Medial Parietal Cortex - Gallettilab
... cortex (see Fig. 1C). This cortical region belongs to the classic visual association cortex, namely area 19 of Brodmann (for a thorough review on this topic, see Gamberini et al. 2015). However, since the first description of this region, it was evident that not all neurons were visually activated. C ...
... cortex (see Fig. 1C). This cortical region belongs to the classic visual association cortex, namely area 19 of Brodmann (for a thorough review on this topic, see Gamberini et al. 2015). However, since the first description of this region, it was evident that not all neurons were visually activated. C ...
안구의 내하방 편위 - Research in Vestibular Science
... of the posterior circulation, as well as in lateral pontine tegmental and thalamic hemorrhages. In autopsied cases of thalamic hemorrhage with this ocular sign, the hematoma was usually found to have extended into or to have compressed the midbrain.1) The mesodiencephalic junction contains neural st ...
... of the posterior circulation, as well as in lateral pontine tegmental and thalamic hemorrhages. In autopsied cases of thalamic hemorrhage with this ocular sign, the hematoma was usually found to have extended into or to have compressed the midbrain.1) The mesodiencephalic junction contains neural st ...
location and function of serotonin in the central and peripheral
... diapause behaviour. Depending on e.g. the availability of food, temperature, and photoperiod, the beetle will either reproduce or enter diapause. Reproduction requires a high juvenile hormone titre in the hemolymph (de Wilde et al. 1968). Diapause is initiated when the juvenile hormone titre in the ...
... diapause behaviour. Depending on e.g. the availability of food, temperature, and photoperiod, the beetle will either reproduce or enter diapause. Reproduction requires a high juvenile hormone titre in the hemolymph (de Wilde et al. 1968). Diapause is initiated when the juvenile hormone titre in the ...
new insights into the functions of the superior temporal cortex
... the anterior, central and posterior white matter, as well as the primary motor and sensory cortices, were more involved in neglect patients than in braindamaged control subjects without neglect. Samuelsson et al. 9 analysed the CT scans of 18 neglect patients, and found that the supramarginal gyrus ...
... the anterior, central and posterior white matter, as well as the primary motor and sensory cortices, were more involved in neglect patients than in braindamaged control subjects without neglect. Samuelsson et al. 9 analysed the CT scans of 18 neglect patients, and found that the supramarginal gyrus ...
Effect of sodium fluoride on the grey matter of spinal cord in the
... The body weight of the animals The animals of the negative control subgroup “Subgroup Ia” showed a significant increase in the body weight at the end of the experiment as compared to their weight at the beginning of the experiment. The animals of the positive control subgroup “Subgroup Ib”, treated ...
... The body weight of the animals The animals of the negative control subgroup “Subgroup Ia” showed a significant increase in the body weight at the end of the experiment as compared to their weight at the beginning of the experiment. The animals of the positive control subgroup “Subgroup Ib”, treated ...
Physiological Psychology - II Sem
... commonly seen even in scholarly publications. One very important subset of synapses are capable of forming memory traces by means of long-lasting activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength. The best-known form of neural memory is a process called long-term potentiation (abbreviated LTP), which ...
... commonly seen even in scholarly publications. One very important subset of synapses are capable of forming memory traces by means of long-lasting activity-dependent changes in synaptic strength. The best-known form of neural memory is a process called long-term potentiation (abbreviated LTP), which ...
Introduction - Bowling Green State University
... understanding yet to be filled by new discoveries. Theoretical hypotheses are particularly relevant for such purpose as they will lead research towards new empirical goals and will provide distinct predictions. Most of current experimental work is driven by a theoretical perspective, which can be ca ...
... understanding yet to be filled by new discoveries. Theoretical hypotheses are particularly relevant for such purpose as they will lead research towards new empirical goals and will provide distinct predictions. Most of current experimental work is driven by a theoretical perspective, which can be ca ...
Spatial generalization from learning dynamics of
... training at either Left or Right work spaces resulted in improved performance (as compared with that of naive subjects) at the C enter work space. We recruited eight subjects. No EMG was recorded from this pilot group. These subjects were trained initially in the null field in each of the three work ...
... training at either Left or Right work spaces resulted in improved performance (as compared with that of naive subjects) at the C enter work space. We recruited eight subjects. No EMG was recorded from this pilot group. These subjects were trained initially in the null field in each of the three work ...
Receptive fields and suppressive fields in the
... such stimuli it is not clear if response reduction could be simply explained by the antagonistic surround of the receptive field or if it constituted an unexplained suppressive phenomenon. Nonetheless, these results led to fruitful studies of intrageniculate inhibition (e.g. Singer et al., 1972), an ...
... such stimuli it is not clear if response reduction could be simply explained by the antagonistic surround of the receptive field or if it constituted an unexplained suppressive phenomenon. Nonetheless, these results led to fruitful studies of intrageniculate inhibition (e.g. Singer et al., 1972), an ...
Inhibitory Gating of Basolateral Amygdala Inputs to the Prefrontal
... Carter, 2013). However, the overall influence of BLA inputs could be inhibitory if connections are stronger onto local GABAergic interneurons. The PFC also possesses a variety of GABAergic interneurons, which have distinct morphological and physiological properties, including parvalbumin (PV) and so ...
... Carter, 2013). However, the overall influence of BLA inputs could be inhibitory if connections are stronger onto local GABAergic interneurons. The PFC also possesses a variety of GABAergic interneurons, which have distinct morphological and physiological properties, including parvalbumin (PV) and so ...
Auditory Neurons in the Dorsal Cortex of the Inferior Colliculus
... The inferior colliculus plays a key role in auditory processing. In the current study I used the albino rat, Rattus norvegicus, as an animal model to investigate auditory responses in single neurons in the dorsomedial subdivision of the inferior colliculus (ICd). My results reveal that ICd neurons e ...
... The inferior colliculus plays a key role in auditory processing. In the current study I used the albino rat, Rattus norvegicus, as an animal model to investigate auditory responses in single neurons in the dorsomedial subdivision of the inferior colliculus (ICd). My results reveal that ICd neurons e ...