Motor Resonance Meets Motor Performance - Unitn
... monkeys, was showing that several, now well identified, different full representations of bodily movements in BA6 (Graziano & Aflalo, 2007; Dum & Strick, 2002), functionally separated from BA4. The group of Rizzolatti and coworkers focused its attention on the functional properties of neurons in the ...
... monkeys, was showing that several, now well identified, different full representations of bodily movements in BA6 (Graziano & Aflalo, 2007; Dum & Strick, 2002), functionally separated from BA4. The group of Rizzolatti and coworkers focused its attention on the functional properties of neurons in the ...
chapter 12. schizophrenia 12.4 schizophrenia
... lifetime risk in first-degree relatives is roughly 10 percent, indicating that the risk to first-degree relatives is 10 times that of the general population. This strongly implicates a familial factor in the etiology of the illness. Twin and adoption studies have shown that this is mostly, if not en ...
... lifetime risk in first-degree relatives is roughly 10 percent, indicating that the risk to first-degree relatives is 10 times that of the general population. This strongly implicates a familial factor in the etiology of the illness. Twin and adoption studies have shown that this is mostly, if not en ...
Prefrontal Projections to the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
... Most labeled boutons from prefrontal axons were small, but a second class of large boutons was also prominent. This is in contrast to the homogeneous small TRN terminations from sensory cortices noted previously and in the present study, which are thought to arise exclusively from layer VI. The two ...
... Most labeled boutons from prefrontal axons were small, but a second class of large boutons was also prominent. This is in contrast to the homogeneous small TRN terminations from sensory cortices noted previously and in the present study, which are thought to arise exclusively from layer VI. The two ...
Mechanisms for Stable, Robust, and Adaptive Development of
... from three species in Figure 3D. To establish the pinwheel density for any given map, the total pinwheel count must be determined. Pinwheel centers are located at the intersection of the zero contours of the real and imaginary components in the polar representation of orientation preference (Löwel ...
... from three species in Figure 3D. To establish the pinwheel density for any given map, the total pinwheel count must be determined. Pinwheel centers are located at the intersection of the zero contours of the real and imaginary components in the polar representation of orientation preference (Löwel ...
Spatial and Temporal Integration of Signals in Foveal Line Orientation
... a steady deterioration of performance from the first of these conditions to the last. In Fig. 1 it is seen that a single 5arcmin line has an orientation discrimination of nearly 27. The performance with two collinear segments in Fig. 2C is much better than could be accounted for by probability summa ...
... a steady deterioration of performance from the first of these conditions to the last. In Fig. 1 it is seen that a single 5arcmin line has an orientation discrimination of nearly 27. The performance with two collinear segments in Fig. 2C is much better than could be accounted for by probability summa ...
Axonal Dopamine Receptors Activate Peripheral Spike
... Dopamine elicited tonic “extraburst” spiking in PD neurons and increased the cycle frequency of the pyloric rhythm In H. americanus, when the modulatory input from the CoGs and the OG to the STG is removed by blocking impulse activity in the stn, the AB and the two PD neurons continue to cycle at a ...
... Dopamine elicited tonic “extraburst” spiking in PD neurons and increased the cycle frequency of the pyloric rhythm In H. americanus, when the modulatory input from the CoGs and the OG to the STG is removed by blocking impulse activity in the stn, the AB and the two PD neurons continue to cycle at a ...
Goals of Explaining Brain Functions Underlying Anxiety Disorders
... First, we will explain how the amygdala creates and maintains anxiety responses… and how these responses can be changed. ...
... First, we will explain how the amygdala creates and maintains anxiety responses… and how these responses can be changed. ...
Growth and Targeting of Subplate Axons and Establishment of Major
... extend subcortically by passing through an axonal pathway, termed the internal capsule, that forms in the basal telencephalon. Layer 6 axons extend through the internal capsule and directly into the thalamus. Layer 5 axons pass through the full extent of the internal capsule and extend into its cont ...
... extend subcortically by passing through an axonal pathway, termed the internal capsule, that forms in the basal telencephalon. Layer 6 axons extend through the internal capsule and directly into the thalamus. Layer 5 axons pass through the full extent of the internal capsule and extend into its cont ...
Development and evolution of the insect mushroom bodies: towards
... Brunner (Phasmida, Phasmatidae), in which two embryonic calyces fuse into one but retain two separate MBNBs (Malzacher, 1968). Although the adult A. mellifera mushroom bodies are composed of two calyces, Malun (1998) reported that only a single MBNB cluster per hemisphere is present in the first ins ...
... Brunner (Phasmida, Phasmatidae), in which two embryonic calyces fuse into one but retain two separate MBNBs (Malzacher, 1968). Although the adult A. mellifera mushroom bodies are composed of two calyces, Malun (1998) reported that only a single MBNB cluster per hemisphere is present in the first ins ...
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
... in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Gülsüm AŞIKSOY Signature : Date: 11-07-2011 ...
... in accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct. I also declare that, as required by these rules and conduct, I have fully cited and referenced all material and results that are not original to this work. Name, Last name : Gülsüm AŞIKSOY Signature : Date: 11-07-2011 ...
- Wiley Online Library
... visible. Heterozygotes display poor hearing at P15 followed by rapid deterioration until they lack any response to sound. Their hair cells also appear immature, but are still present at P28 (Lewis et al., 2009; Kuhn et al., 2011). In humans, two MIR96 mutations have been found to be associated with ...
... visible. Heterozygotes display poor hearing at P15 followed by rapid deterioration until they lack any response to sound. Their hair cells also appear immature, but are still present at P28 (Lewis et al., 2009; Kuhn et al., 2011). In humans, two MIR96 mutations have been found to be associated with ...
Adult Neuro 2015 - poster list
... Roberta Parolisi (University of Turin, Italy) Periventricular neurogenesis is almost exhausted in early postnatal dolphins with ...
... Roberta Parolisi (University of Turin, Italy) Periventricular neurogenesis is almost exhausted in early postnatal dolphins with ...
Multiple Running Speed Signals in Medial Entorhinal Cortex
... 3Present address: Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada *Correspondence: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.06.027 2Graduate ...
... 3Present address: Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada *Correspondence: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.06.027 2Graduate ...
Projections of the paraventricular and paratenial nuclei
... and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431. E-mail: [email protected] Received 29 August 2007; Revised 20 December 2007; Accepted 10 January 2008 DOI 10.1002/cne.21679 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). ...
... and Brain Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL 33431. E-mail: [email protected] Received 29 August 2007; Revised 20 December 2007; Accepted 10 January 2008 DOI 10.1002/cne.21679 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). ...
Intracellular Features Predicted by Extracellular
... pending on variables such as neuronal density and activity. Here we focus our attention on unit detection in the rat hippocampal area CA1. Extracellular recording methods traditionally provide information only on whether a neuron fires a spike or not. To obtain information about subthreshold variati ...
... pending on variables such as neuronal density and activity. Here we focus our attention on unit detection in the rat hippocampal area CA1. Extracellular recording methods traditionally provide information only on whether a neuron fires a spike or not. To obtain information about subthreshold variati ...
PDF
... hindbrain, the facial branchiomotor neurons (FBMNs) undergo a chain-like tangential migration from their birthplace in rhombomere (r) 4 to their final destination in r6/r7. Here, we report that ablation of either the cell body or the trailing axon of the leading FBMN, or ‘pioneer’ neuron, blocks the ...
... hindbrain, the facial branchiomotor neurons (FBMNs) undergo a chain-like tangential migration from their birthplace in rhombomere (r) 4 to their final destination in r6/r7. Here, we report that ablation of either the cell body or the trailing axon of the leading FBMN, or ‘pioneer’ neuron, blocks the ...
FLRT proteins act as guidance cues for migrating cortical interneurons
... WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (R ...
... WARNING. Access to the contents of this doctoral thesis and its use must respect the rights of the author. It can be used for reference or private study, as well as research and learning activities or materials in the terms established by the 32nd article of the Spanish Consolidated Copyright Act (R ...
Neurobiological Mechanisms Underlying Oestradiol Negative and
... positive-feedback response, or in the signal they receive (GABA versus another) to increase their activity during the surge. We favour the latter explanation because the increase in GnRH neurone activity occurs in the majority of GnRH neurones, and not just one-third of cells, suggesting that additi ...
... positive-feedback response, or in the signal they receive (GABA versus another) to increase their activity during the surge. We favour the latter explanation because the increase in GnRH neurone activity occurs in the majority of GnRH neurones, and not just one-third of cells, suggesting that additi ...
Systematic Regional Variations in the Loss of Cortical Cholinergic
... all cortical areas. In the rest, tissue was available from temporal, anterior parietal, and posterior frontal areas, and in some of these from the occipital and anterior frontal cortex as well. Only brains with no gross or microscopic abnormalities and no or very few cortical plaques and tangles, co ...
... all cortical areas. In the rest, tissue was available from temporal, anterior parietal, and posterior frontal areas, and in some of these from the occipital and anterior frontal cortex as well. Only brains with no gross or microscopic abnormalities and no or very few cortical plaques and tangles, co ...
Selective attention through selective neuronal synchronization
... local field potential (LFP). The LFP reflects the summed transmembrane currents of neurons within few hundred micrometers of tissue. Since synchronized currents sum up much more efficiently than unsynchronized currents, the LFP reflects primarily synchronized synaptic activity. Changes in LFP power ...
... local field potential (LFP). The LFP reflects the summed transmembrane currents of neurons within few hundred micrometers of tissue. Since synchronized currents sum up much more efficiently than unsynchronized currents, the LFP reflects primarily synchronized synaptic activity. Changes in LFP power ...
Neurobiology of ADHD Gail Tripp , Review
... candidates discussed here in Fig. 1. At the top level shown in the figure are symptom lists and criteria for diagnosis. These do not identify etiology, pathophysiology, or the neural systems involved. However, they have been the basis of defining study populations for research into ADHD mechanisms. At ...
... candidates discussed here in Fig. 1. At the top level shown in the figure are symptom lists and criteria for diagnosis. These do not identify etiology, pathophysiology, or the neural systems involved. However, they have been the basis of defining study populations for research into ADHD mechanisms. At ...
Different adrenal sympathetic preganglionic
... pathways to the adrenal medulla. First, nerve terminals on epinephrine-secreting chromaffin cells are morphologically different from those on norepinephrinesecreting cells (24). More direct evidence for the existence of distinct populations of sympathetic ...
... pathways to the adrenal medulla. First, nerve terminals on epinephrine-secreting chromaffin cells are morphologically different from those on norepinephrinesecreting cells (24). More direct evidence for the existence of distinct populations of sympathetic ...
Aggression in Drosophila - American Psychological Association
... The most complete descriptions of aggression in fruit flies prior to those published during the current renaissance were by Hoffmann (1987a, 1987b). Using laboratory-reared males and females of the sibling species D. melanogaster and D. simulans, Hoffmann presented a complete ethogram (word descript ...
... The most complete descriptions of aggression in fruit flies prior to those published during the current renaissance were by Hoffmann (1987a, 1987b). Using laboratory-reared males and females of the sibling species D. melanogaster and D. simulans, Hoffmann presented a complete ethogram (word descript ...
Copyright 1984 by Desav, Paul Henri All Rights Reserved
... First, the cerebral cortex of turtles is simpler than that of mammals. It contains five separate areas, far fewer than the most primitive mammal. The cortex consists of one main cell layer, like the mammalian hippocampus. If there are only a few types of neurons, perhaps the nature of all the synapt ...
... First, the cerebral cortex of turtles is simpler than that of mammals. It contains five separate areas, far fewer than the most primitive mammal. The cortex consists of one main cell layer, like the mammalian hippocampus. If there are only a few types of neurons, perhaps the nature of all the synapt ...
A role for subplate neurons in the patterning of
... The effect of the ablation on the thalamocortical projection from visual thalamus was examined by DiI-labeling of the LGN days to weeks following the lesion. At two to four weeks post-lesion, times when LGN axons would have normally invaded the cortical plate, the axons remained below the cortical p ...
... The effect of the ablation on the thalamocortical projection from visual thalamus was examined by DiI-labeling of the LGN days to weeks following the lesion. At two to four weeks post-lesion, times when LGN axons would have normally invaded the cortical plate, the axons remained below the cortical p ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.