A self-organizing model of disparity maps in the primary visual cortex
... Current models of primary visual cortex (V1) development show how visual features such as orientation and eye preference can emerge from spontaneous and visually evoked neural activity, but it is not yet known whether spatially organized maps for low-level visual pattern disparity are present in V1, ...
... Current models of primary visual cortex (V1) development show how visual features such as orientation and eye preference can emerge from spontaneous and visually evoked neural activity, but it is not yet known whether spatially organized maps for low-level visual pattern disparity are present in V1, ...
Novelty exploration training tasks - Repositório da Universidade de
... Hence, with this exploratory work we unravelled the putative contribution of areas of the midbrain and pontine central autonomic network for the etiology of neurogenic hypertension and provide clues to possible future therapeutic interventions to control sympathoexcitation. ...
... Hence, with this exploratory work we unravelled the putative contribution of areas of the midbrain and pontine central autonomic network for the etiology of neurogenic hypertension and provide clues to possible future therapeutic interventions to control sympathoexcitation. ...
NIH Public Access
... Pioneering work by Aguayo and colleagues demonstrated that adult mammalian CNS neurons, which normally do not regenerate, are able to grow for long distances into the permissive environment of a peripheral nerve graft (Richardson et al. 1980, 1984; David and Aguayo 1981; Benfey and Aguayo 1982). The ...
... Pioneering work by Aguayo and colleagues demonstrated that adult mammalian CNS neurons, which normally do not regenerate, are able to grow for long distances into the permissive environment of a peripheral nerve graft (Richardson et al. 1980, 1984; David and Aguayo 1981; Benfey and Aguayo 1982). The ...
Optical brain imaging in vivo: techniques and applications from
... absorption is shown assuming 2-mM concentration of hemoglobin in blood and 3% content of blood in tissue 共60 mM in tissue34兲 calculated from spectra.257 HbR spectrum represents 3% fully deoxygenated blood in tissue. Scatter spectrum is approximate using: ⬘s = A−b, where A = 1.14 ⫻ 10−7 m and b = 1 ...
... absorption is shown assuming 2-mM concentration of hemoglobin in blood and 3% content of blood in tissue 共60 mM in tissue34兲 calculated from spectra.257 HbR spectrum represents 3% fully deoxygenated blood in tissue. Scatter spectrum is approximate using: ⬘s = A−b, where A = 1.14 ⫻ 10−7 m and b = 1 ...
Down - 서울대 : Biointelligence lab
... Self organizing network to reflect dimensionality of the feature space Before learning, all nodes have equal weights with high dimensionality After training, weights in the physical space of the nodes look random After reordering the nodes so that strongly connected nodes are adjacent to each ...
... Self organizing network to reflect dimensionality of the feature space Before learning, all nodes have equal weights with high dimensionality After training, weights in the physical space of the nodes look random After reordering the nodes so that strongly connected nodes are adjacent to each ...
1 - Libreria Universo
... and prostaglandin F2a) appear to play a crucial role in this process [22, 23]. These substances activate G-protein coupled receptors that initiate a cascade leading to the increased production of inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol. In turn, these substances lead to an increase in intracellular ...
... and prostaglandin F2a) appear to play a crucial role in this process [22, 23]. These substances activate G-protein coupled receptors that initiate a cascade leading to the increased production of inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol. In turn, these substances lead to an increase in intracellular ...
Ethanol Facilitates Glutamatergic Transmission to Dopamine
... Drug and Alcohol Programs, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 5Department of Physiology , McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada ...
... Drug and Alcohol Programs, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; 5Department of Physiology , McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada ...
Inhibitory control in high functioning autism: Decreased activation
... Conclusions: The results indicate that the inhibition circuitry in the autism group is activated atypically and is less synchronized, leaving inhibition to be accomplished by strategic control rather than automatically. At the behavioral level, there was no difference between the groups. Key Words: ...
... Conclusions: The results indicate that the inhibition circuitry in the autism group is activated atypically and is less synchronized, leaving inhibition to be accomplished by strategic control rather than automatically. At the behavioral level, there was no difference between the groups. Key Words: ...
Outputs of Radula Mechanoafferent Neurons in Aplysia are
... FIG. 3. Spike activity in neuron B4 blocked the conduction of afferent spikes in B21 that are evoked by tactile stimulation of B21’s radula receptive field. A 1.0-g punctate tactile stimulus (touch) was repeatedly applied to a portion of the B21 radula receptive field (at arrows). To assure that the ...
... FIG. 3. Spike activity in neuron B4 blocked the conduction of afferent spikes in B21 that are evoked by tactile stimulation of B21’s radula receptive field. A 1.0-g punctate tactile stimulus (touch) was repeatedly applied to a portion of the B21 radula receptive field (at arrows). To assure that the ...
What clinical disorders tell us about the neural
... given to the subject, motivation or rewards, number of subjects involved, ability to characterize the deficit, and availability of controls. Third, clinical studies tend to be inclusive, attempting to describe features common among a group of patients with similar symptoms, whereas scientific studie ...
... given to the subject, motivation or rewards, number of subjects involved, ability to characterize the deficit, and availability of controls. Third, clinical studies tend to be inclusive, attempting to describe features common among a group of patients with similar symptoms, whereas scientific studie ...
Nicotine injections into the ventral tegmental area increase
... nicotinic receptor activation [3]. Nicotine has also been found to stimulate DA release from accumbal synaptosomes [40] and when directly administered into the NAc the drug has been found to increase extracellular concentrations of DA [26,32]. However, several studies indicate that stimulation of DA ...
... nicotinic receptor activation [3]. Nicotine has also been found to stimulate DA release from accumbal synaptosomes [40] and when directly administered into the NAc the drug has been found to increase extracellular concentrations of DA [26,32]. However, several studies indicate that stimulation of DA ...
Disentanglement of local field potential sources by independent
... (Tanskanen et al. 2005). Though, even LFPs are contributed by the multiple neurons involved in local and extrinsic circuits whose termination fields are near the recording electrode and may overlap extensively. None of the standard analysis techniques, e.g., spectral decomposition or current source ...
... (Tanskanen et al. 2005). Though, even LFPs are contributed by the multiple neurons involved in local and extrinsic circuits whose termination fields are near the recording electrode and may overlap extensively. None of the standard analysis techniques, e.g., spectral decomposition or current source ...
THALAMOAMYGDALOID CONNECTIONS STUDIED BY THE
... at room temperature for 30 min. Additional incubation (at roam temp. for 30 min) was carried out in the same solutlon plus HzO, (0.3 ml 3OIo H,01100 ml solution). Sections were stained wlth cresyl vlolet. We used two different stereotaxic approaches to the amygdaloid nuclei: 1. The micropipette was ...
... at room temperature for 30 min. Additional incubation (at roam temp. for 30 min) was carried out in the same solutlon plus HzO, (0.3 ml 3OIo H,01100 ml solution). Sections were stained wlth cresyl vlolet. We used two different stereotaxic approaches to the amygdaloid nuclei: 1. The micropipette was ...
LFP Power Spectra in V1 Cortex: The Graded Effect of Stimulus
... recorded local field potentials (LFPs) and single-unit activity simultaneously in the macaque primary visual cortex (V1) and studied their responses to drifting sinusoidal gratings that were chosen to be “optimal” for the single units. Over all stimulus conditions, the LFP spectra have much greater ...
... recorded local field potentials (LFPs) and single-unit activity simultaneously in the macaque primary visual cortex (V1) and studied their responses to drifting sinusoidal gratings that were chosen to be “optimal” for the single units. Over all stimulus conditions, the LFP spectra have much greater ...
![[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/003492398_1-2708bc56966b4cab721b0073b5bc49ec-300x300.png)
[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the
... hydroxylase antibodies (Pel-Freez, Rogers, Arkansas, USA, diluted 1:100), 1% BSA, and 0.1% Triton X-100. Next, the cells were rinsed three times with PBS and incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (Molecular Probes) diluted by 1:200 in PBS. After incubation ...
... hydroxylase antibodies (Pel-Freez, Rogers, Arkansas, USA, diluted 1:100), 1% BSA, and 0.1% Triton X-100. Next, the cells were rinsed three times with PBS and incubated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG (Molecular Probes) diluted by 1:200 in PBS. After incubation ...
Time-Dependent Activation of Feed-Forward Inhibition in
... Experiments were done on adult locusts (mostly female) taken from the laboratory colony 3– 4 wk after their final molt. Animals were mounted dorsal side up on a custom-designed polycarbonate holder that allowed us to reproducibly align the stimulated eye with the stimulation apparatus. For extracell ...
... Experiments were done on adult locusts (mostly female) taken from the laboratory colony 3– 4 wk after their final molt. Animals were mounted dorsal side up on a custom-designed polycarbonate holder that allowed us to reproducibly align the stimulated eye with the stimulation apparatus. For extracell ...
Lillienfeld: Chapter 3 lecture PowerPoint
... they do. Describe electrical responses of neurons and what makes them possible. Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with ...
... they do. Describe electrical responses of neurons and what makes them possible. Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with ...
Central Control of the Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems and
... followed by inspiration, which is produced by the brisk activation of the buccal levators to push air back into the lungs. The last phase is a period of breath holding, during which neurons other than those involved in the production of the two other phases were shown to be active. This phase corres ...
... followed by inspiration, which is produced by the brisk activation of the buccal levators to push air back into the lungs. The last phase is a period of breath holding, during which neurons other than those involved in the production of the two other phases were shown to be active. This phase corres ...
Modulation of visceral function by selective stimulation of the left
... the vagus nerve and sympathetic chains. Dixon et al. (1980) have studied the distribution of the afferent and efferent nerves to the respiratory muscles in dogs anaesthetized with chloralose. The motor neurones that stimulate the respiratory muscles are controlled by two descending pathways controll ...
... the vagus nerve and sympathetic chains. Dixon et al. (1980) have studied the distribution of the afferent and efferent nerves to the respiratory muscles in dogs anaesthetized with chloralose. The motor neurones that stimulate the respiratory muscles are controlled by two descending pathways controll ...
Axon Physiology - Physiological Reviews
... output message in different axonal branches. In addition, axons link central neurons through gap junctions that allow ultra-fast network synchrony. Moreover, local shaping of the axonal action potential may subsequently determine synaptic efficacy during repetitive stimulation. These operations have ...
... output message in different axonal branches. In addition, axons link central neurons through gap junctions that allow ultra-fast network synchrony. Moreover, local shaping of the axonal action potential may subsequently determine synaptic efficacy during repetitive stimulation. These operations have ...
FREE Sample Here - We can offer most test bank and
... a) occipital; lobitical b) oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells c) occipital; Schwann d) oligodendrocytes; lobitical 2. ____________neurotransmitters make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons, whereas _____________ neurotransmitters make it less likely that a neuron will se ...
... a) occipital; lobitical b) oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells c) occipital; Schwann d) oligodendrocytes; lobitical 2. ____________neurotransmitters make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons, whereas _____________ neurotransmitters make it less likely that a neuron will se ...
Neuropathological Characteristics of Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury
... including both the C5 and C6 roots, and, less frequently, the C7 root (8). This type of lesion represents both a CNS and PNS injury because spinal motor neurons undergo degeneration due to deafferentation while peripheral axons rapidly degenerate once they are disconnected from the cell body (9). Th ...
... including both the C5 and C6 roots, and, less frequently, the C7 root (8). This type of lesion represents both a CNS and PNS injury because spinal motor neurons undergo degeneration due to deafferentation while peripheral axons rapidly degenerate once they are disconnected from the cell body (9). Th ...
Functional Properties of Neurons in Middle Temporal Visual Area of
... To understand cortical function it is of obvious importance to know how the cortex is subdivided into physiologically or anatomically distinct areas. In the macaque monkey there is evidence for at least nine visual cortical areas, and there are likely to be more (see Ref. 57). Differences among the ...
... To understand cortical function it is of obvious importance to know how the cortex is subdivided into physiologically or anatomically distinct areas. In the macaque monkey there is evidence for at least nine visual cortical areas, and there are likely to be more (see Ref. 57). Differences among the ...
Making Mirrors: Premotor Cortex Stimulation
... Koch et al., 2006). This procedure also allows investigation of the timing of the influence of PMv on M1 during mirror motor facilitation. Moreover, the same technique can be used to compare the influence exerted by PMv and PMd. In paired-pulse TMS, a conditioning pulse is applied to the brain area ...
... Koch et al., 2006). This procedure also allows investigation of the timing of the influence of PMv on M1 during mirror motor facilitation. Moreover, the same technique can be used to compare the influence exerted by PMv and PMd. In paired-pulse TMS, a conditioning pulse is applied to the brain area ...
Beyond dreams: do sleep-related movements
... rather than limbs acting them out. Indeed, the scanning hypothesis has itself become a part of the folk psychological interpretation of dreaming. Although the scanning hypothesis remains popular, REMs may not provide the insight into dreaming that many have assumed. This is the view of Chase and Mor ...
... rather than limbs acting them out. Indeed, the scanning hypothesis has itself become a part of the folk psychological interpretation of dreaming. Although the scanning hypothesis remains popular, REMs may not provide the insight into dreaming that many have assumed. This is the view of Chase and Mor ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.