Effects of Residual Inhibition Phenomenon on Early Auditory Evoked
... It could be possible (with no certainty) that the neural mechanisms which are involved in RI phenomenon, are similar to (or overlap with) those that cause generation of tinnitus (Roberts, 2007). By accepting aforesaid hypothesis, understanding neural mechanisms involved in RI can create a new horizo ...
... It could be possible (with no certainty) that the neural mechanisms which are involved in RI phenomenon, are similar to (or overlap with) those that cause generation of tinnitus (Roberts, 2007). By accepting aforesaid hypothesis, understanding neural mechanisms involved in RI can create a new horizo ...
Persistent vulnerability to relapse despite complete extinction of
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Apr. 26, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/050401. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Apr. 26, 2016; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/050401. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
Why We Sleep: The Temporal Organization of
... associated with decreased energy expenditure, REM sleep is most often associated with increased whole body oxygen consumption [78,79]. In this latter case, however, it depends on how close ambient temperature is to the thermoneutral range, as REM sleep is a state where temperature is partially unreg ...
... associated with decreased energy expenditure, REM sleep is most often associated with increased whole body oxygen consumption [78,79]. In this latter case, however, it depends on how close ambient temperature is to the thermoneutral range, as REM sleep is a state where temperature is partially unreg ...
Primary- and Secondary-Like Jaw-Muscle Spindle Afferents Have
... shed light on the central distribution of primary spindle afferents. Additional information about the distribution of primary afferents in the spinal cord comes from studies in which the extracellular field potentials generated by single Ia afferents have been mapped (Munson and Sypert 1979). The re ...
... shed light on the central distribution of primary spindle afferents. Additional information about the distribution of primary afferents in the spinal cord comes from studies in which the extracellular field potentials generated by single Ia afferents have been mapped (Munson and Sypert 1979). The re ...
An investigation of the sensory and motor innervation of extraocular
... differences, the MIF motoneurons are on average significantly smaller in size than the SIF motoneurons. Analogous to the study in monkey, the SIF and MIF motoneurons of the medial and lateral rectus muscle of rats were identified with tracer injections and further characterized by immunolabelling. ...
... differences, the MIF motoneurons are on average significantly smaller in size than the SIF motoneurons. Analogous to the study in monkey, the SIF and MIF motoneurons of the medial and lateral rectus muscle of rats were identified with tracer injections and further characterized by immunolabelling. ...
Neurotoxicity and Mechanism of Toluene Abuse
... pathways. Unfortunately, the toluene exposure conditions failed to resemble those commensurate with acute or chronic toluene abuse (the 100 ppm condition alone may be considered an occupational-type exposure, though no significant results were seen at this dose), hence its applicability to mechanism ...
... pathways. Unfortunately, the toluene exposure conditions failed to resemble those commensurate with acute or chronic toluene abuse (the 100 ppm condition alone may be considered an occupational-type exposure, though no significant results were seen at this dose), hence its applicability to mechanism ...
Neuro-Opthalmology (Developments in Ophthalmology, Vol. 40)
... The progress in neuro-ophthalmology reveals complex interactions of oculomotor signals at all levels. To understand this complexity, models based on Control Theory have been proven to be very beneficial, and often deficits can only be correctly interpreted by the use of such models [see the chapter ...
... The progress in neuro-ophthalmology reveals complex interactions of oculomotor signals at all levels. To understand this complexity, models based on Control Theory have been proven to be very beneficial, and often deficits can only be correctly interpreted by the use of such models [see the chapter ...
Neural Mechanisms of Extinction Learning and Retrieval
... Neuropsychopharmacology REVIEWS (2008) 33, 56–72 ...
... Neuropsychopharmacology REVIEWS (2008) 33, 56–72 ...
The dynamic cytoskeleton: backbone of dendritic spine plasticity
... the ability to determine how actin dynamics were regulated in sub-regions of spines. Several recent studies have shed light on where actin is polymerized and depolymerized in different regions of the spine. An elegant study by the Kasai lab, using twophoton uncaging of photoactivatable actin (PA-b-a ...
... the ability to determine how actin dynamics were regulated in sub-regions of spines. Several recent studies have shed light on where actin is polymerized and depolymerized in different regions of the spine. An elegant study by the Kasai lab, using twophoton uncaging of photoactivatable actin (PA-b-a ...
PDF
... antibody against the cytoplasmic molecule Pak (p21-activated kinase) (rabbit IgG, 1:400 dilution; source: Y. Takagi, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan) confirmed that, without detergent treatment, immunocytochemistry at this stage cannot effectively detect proteins within cells in the embryonic ...
... antibody against the cytoplasmic molecule Pak (p21-activated kinase) (rabbit IgG, 1:400 dilution; source: Y. Takagi, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan) confirmed that, without detergent treatment, immunocytochemistry at this stage cannot effectively detect proteins within cells in the embryonic ...
Calcium Transients in the Garter Snake Vomeronasal Organ
... cytosolic accumulation of [Ca2⫹]i in the dendritic regions of VN neurons via two pathways: Ca2⫹ release from IP3-sensitive intracellular stores and, to a lesser extent, Ca2⫹ influx through the plasma membrane. Both components seem to be dependent on IP3 production. Chemoattractants evoke a short-lat ...
... cytosolic accumulation of [Ca2⫹]i in the dendritic regions of VN neurons via two pathways: Ca2⫹ release from IP3-sensitive intracellular stores and, to a lesser extent, Ca2⫹ influx through the plasma membrane. Both components seem to be dependent on IP3 production. Chemoattractants evoke a short-lat ...
Cumming BG, Parker AJ.
... in the vicinity of the receptive field. The results for these four neurons closely resembled those for the rest of the population. It would have been possible to manipulate the relative disparity between the foreground and background of the RDS simply by changing the disparity of the background regi ...
... in the vicinity of the receptive field. The results for these four neurons closely resembled those for the rest of the population. It would have been possible to manipulate the relative disparity between the foreground and background of the RDS simply by changing the disparity of the background regi ...
Mechanisms of axon degeneration: From development to disease
... self-destruction similar in many ways to the active selfdestruction of cells during apoptosis (Coleman, 2005; Low and Cheng, 2005; Luo and O’Leary, 2005; Raff et al., 2002). Although the molecular mechanisms involved are different (but see Williams et al., 2006; Kuo et al., 2006), the principles und ...
... self-destruction similar in many ways to the active selfdestruction of cells during apoptosis (Coleman, 2005; Low and Cheng, 2005; Luo and O’Leary, 2005; Raff et al., 2002). Although the molecular mechanisms involved are different (but see Williams et al., 2006; Kuo et al., 2006), the principles und ...
Get PDF - IOS Press
... Fig. 1. Distribution of the central autonomic nervous system that is reactive to emotional stress. (A) The left panels are the coronal sections of the rat brain showing the regions where significant expression of c-Fos was observed in response to IMO. Adult female Wistar rats were exposed to immobil ...
... Fig. 1. Distribution of the central autonomic nervous system that is reactive to emotional stress. (A) The left panels are the coronal sections of the rat brain showing the regions where significant expression of c-Fos was observed in response to IMO. Adult female Wistar rats were exposed to immobil ...
Anatomy & Physiology I
... Encapsulated nerve endings have dendrites of firstorder neurons surrounded by a specialized capsule. This example shows a lamellated corpuscle. نهایات عصبی داخل کپسولی نهایات داخل کپسولی دندریت های نیورون های دسته اول را دارند که .توسط کپسول مخصوص احاطه شده اند را نشان میدهدlamellated این ...
... Encapsulated nerve endings have dendrites of firstorder neurons surrounded by a specialized capsule. This example shows a lamellated corpuscle. نهایات عصبی داخل کپسولی نهایات داخل کپسولی دندریت های نیورون های دسته اول را دارند که .توسط کپسول مخصوص احاطه شده اند را نشان میدهدlamellated این ...
Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Reelin Signaling in the Adult
... The study of Reelin signaling and its role in cortical development is responsible for the large preponderance of known signaling mechanism. For that reason, section one will consist of an overview of cortical development followed by a more specific discussion of major and aspiring players in the Re ...
... The study of Reelin signaling and its role in cortical development is responsible for the large preponderance of known signaling mechanism. For that reason, section one will consist of an overview of cortical development followed by a more specific discussion of major and aspiring players in the Re ...
Protracted Synaptogenesis after Activity
... activated synapses, LTP induction was shown to lead to a transient increase in perforated synapses followed by a persistent increase in the frequency of boutons forming synapses with more than one spine, suggesting that LTP is associated with the formation of new synapses (Toni et al., 1999). Althou ...
... activated synapses, LTP induction was shown to lead to a transient increase in perforated synapses followed by a persistent increase in the frequency of boutons forming synapses with more than one spine, suggesting that LTP is associated with the formation of new synapses (Toni et al., 1999). Althou ...
Normal sleep and circadian rhythms: Neurobiologic mechanisms
... aroused. With transition to stage 2, EEG patterns termed sleep spindles and K complexes appear on the EEG. Sleep spindles are 12- to 14-Hz synchronized EEG waveforms with duration of 1.5 seconds. Sleep spindle waves arise as a result of synchronization of groups of thalamic neurons by the GABAergic ...
... aroused. With transition to stage 2, EEG patterns termed sleep spindles and K complexes appear on the EEG. Sleep spindles are 12- to 14-Hz synchronized EEG waveforms with duration of 1.5 seconds. Sleep spindle waves arise as a result of synchronization of groups of thalamic neurons by the GABAergic ...
Curriculum Vitae - Laureate Institute for Brain Research
... sensory information coming from the inside of the body, and decision-making, i.e. how to process preferences to arrive at making choices. In particular, I am interested how interoception and decisionmaking go awry in individuals with psychiatric disorders. For example, how do decision-making dysfunc ...
... sensory information coming from the inside of the body, and decision-making, i.e. how to process preferences to arrive at making choices. In particular, I am interested how interoception and decisionmaking go awry in individuals with psychiatric disorders. For example, how do decision-making dysfunc ...
Independent Functions of Slit–Robo Repulsion and Netrin– Frazzled
... commissural axons toward and across the midline, whereas Slit signals through Robo family receptors to prevent commissural axons from recrossing the midline, as well as to prevent ipsilateral axons from ever crossing. Recent evidence from both Xenopus neuronal cell culture and Drosophila genetics ha ...
... commissural axons toward and across the midline, whereas Slit signals through Robo family receptors to prevent commissural axons from recrossing the midline, as well as to prevent ipsilateral axons from ever crossing. Recent evidence from both Xenopus neuronal cell culture and Drosophila genetics ha ...
frontal functions, connectivity and neural efficiency underpinning
... The concept of inhibition was introduced in our first study of hypnosis published two decades ago (Gruzelier and Brow, 1985). This involved electrophysiological recording of orienting and habituation processes to novel tones interspersed with the induction of hypnosis. Orienting responses were recor ...
... The concept of inhibition was introduced in our first study of hypnosis published two decades ago (Gruzelier and Brow, 1985). This involved electrophysiological recording of orienting and habituation processes to novel tones interspersed with the induction of hypnosis. Orienting responses were recor ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for synaptic
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jun. 3, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/145789. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jun. 3, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/145789. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jun. 3, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/145789. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
... bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jun. 3, 2017; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/145789. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. ...
5-HT Receptor Regulation of Neurotransmitter Release
... Abbreviations: 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine (unselective 5-HT receptor agonist); CNS, central nervous system; ACh, acetylcholine; NA, noradrenaline; DA, dopamine; WAY 100635, N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-2-pyridinylcyclohexane-carboxamide maleate (5-HT1A antagonist); SB 224289, 2,3, ...
... Abbreviations: 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine (unselective 5-HT receptor agonist); CNS, central nervous system; ACh, acetylcholine; NA, noradrenaline; DA, dopamine; WAY 100635, N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-2-pyridinylcyclohexane-carboxamide maleate (5-HT1A antagonist); SB 224289, 2,3, ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.