Electroencephalography - Department of Computational and
... The digital EEG signal is stored electronically and can be filtered for display. Typical settings for the high-pass filter and a low-pass filter are 0.5-1 Hz and 35–70 Hz, respectively. The high-pass filter typically filters out slow artifact, such as electrogalvanic signals and movement artifact, w ...
... The digital EEG signal is stored electronically and can be filtered for display. Typical settings for the high-pass filter and a low-pass filter are 0.5-1 Hz and 35–70 Hz, respectively. The high-pass filter typically filters out slow artifact, such as electrogalvanic signals and movement artifact, w ...
Interaction of the Frontal Eye Field and Superior Colliculus for
... make saccades following SC lesions, we made several observations that suggested that this parallel relation between FEF and SC may not be as robust as implied by these previous experiments. In the experiments described here, we tested the contribution of the pathway from the FEF to the brain stem th ...
... make saccades following SC lesions, we made several observations that suggested that this parallel relation between FEF and SC may not be as robust as implied by these previous experiments. In the experiments described here, we tested the contribution of the pathway from the FEF to the brain stem th ...
By ON THE ROLE OF THE SUPERIOR COLLICULUS IN THE CONTROL... VISUALLY-GUIDED SACCADES
... of simulating saccadic sensory to motor transformations. This model was designed to predict how the spatial interactions between neural signals related to visual processing and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was stron ...
... of simulating saccadic sensory to motor transformations. This model was designed to predict how the spatial interactions between neural signals related to visual processing and saccadic preparation interact within the SC to influence saccadic reaction time. I concluded that saccade latency was stron ...
THE SUBFORNICAL ORGAN AND AREA POSTREMA MEDIATE
... Abstract Leptin is an adipokine that acts centrally to regulate feeding behaviour, energy expenditure and autonomic function via activation of its receptor (ObRb) in nuclei in the central nervous system (CNS). This thesis investigates the involvement of two sensory circumventricular organs (CVOs), ...
... Abstract Leptin is an adipokine that acts centrally to regulate feeding behaviour, energy expenditure and autonomic function via activation of its receptor (ObRb) in nuclei in the central nervous system (CNS). This thesis investigates the involvement of two sensory circumventricular organs (CVOs), ...
Zebrafish Get Connected: Investigating Neurotransmission Targets
... and have similar neuroanatomy in many areas such as the spinal cord, hindbrain and retina, but as the brain develops by eversion rather than inversion, some classical regions of the mammalian brain, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and substantia nigra, are not present as such in zebrafish. The fu ...
... and have similar neuroanatomy in many areas such as the spinal cord, hindbrain and retina, but as the brain develops by eversion rather than inversion, some classical regions of the mammalian brain, such as the hippocampus, amygdala, and substantia nigra, are not present as such in zebrafish. The fu ...
Introducing a New Product
... Components of neurons (cont) Dendrites Each neuron has one or more dendrites, which branch from the cell body Conduct nerve signals to the cell body of the neuron Distal ends of dendrites of sensory neurons are receptors Dendritic spines—small knoblike protrusions on dendrites of some brain ...
... Components of neurons (cont) Dendrites Each neuron has one or more dendrites, which branch from the cell body Conduct nerve signals to the cell body of the neuron Distal ends of dendrites of sensory neurons are receptors Dendritic spines—small knoblike protrusions on dendrites of some brain ...
D27 - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... spectrum of behavioral states ranges from deep sleep through light sleep, REM sleep, and two awake states (relaxed awareness and awareness with concentrated attention); there are patterns of brain electrical activity that correlate with each of these states. ...
... spectrum of behavioral states ranges from deep sleep through light sleep, REM sleep, and two awake states (relaxed awareness and awareness with concentrated attention); there are patterns of brain electrical activity that correlate with each of these states. ...
A Systematic Nomenclature for the Insect Brain
... nomenclature system is based on discussions amongst the Insect Brain Name Working Group, a team of invertebrate neurobiologists working towards this end point since 2007. This effort was triggered by a broad realization that existing nomenclatures used for arthropod brains suffered from several prob ...
... nomenclature system is based on discussions amongst the Insect Brain Name Working Group, a team of invertebrate neurobiologists working towards this end point since 2007. This effort was triggered by a broad realization that existing nomenclatures used for arthropod brains suffered from several prob ...
Antagonistic roles of Wnt5 and the Drl receptor in patterning the
... The perception of odors requires that stimulus information be systematically organized in a ‘map’ in the olfactory bulb. Indeed, axons of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) expressing a given odorant receptor sort out from other axons and terminate specifically in one of a field of discrete synaptic ...
... The perception of odors requires that stimulus information be systematically organized in a ‘map’ in the olfactory bulb. Indeed, axons of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) expressing a given odorant receptor sort out from other axons and terminate specifically in one of a field of discrete synaptic ...
Chapter 2 Reivew of Lierature
... abnormalities develop gradually and progressively during a course of repeated exposure to a drug of abuse, and can persist for months or years after discontinuation of drug use. As a result, drug addiction can be considered a form of drug-induced neural plasticity (Nestler, 1993). The stability of t ...
... abnormalities develop gradually and progressively during a course of repeated exposure to a drug of abuse, and can persist for months or years after discontinuation of drug use. As a result, drug addiction can be considered a form of drug-induced neural plasticity (Nestler, 1993). The stability of t ...
Study Guides/Part_11
... Non-fusible objects do not elicit fusional responses The “long-range disparity system” uses a coarse matching between “similar” even when non-fusible, images on the retina to align both eyes on the object 30 deg or more of disparity Proximal convergence (knowledge of nearness) Vergence responses obs ...
... Non-fusible objects do not elicit fusional responses The “long-range disparity system” uses a coarse matching between “similar” even when non-fusible, images on the retina to align both eyes on the object 30 deg or more of disparity Proximal convergence (knowledge of nearness) Vergence responses obs ...
Enteric Glia - Department of Physiology
... answer, “Both of course,” is usually met with some degree of confusion or skepticism. The truth is that even the most seasoned neuroscientists and gastroenterologists often overlook the fact that a “second brain,” known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), resides within the walls of the intestines ...
... answer, “Both of course,” is usually met with some degree of confusion or skepticism. The truth is that even the most seasoned neuroscientists and gastroenterologists often overlook the fact that a “second brain,” known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), resides within the walls of the intestines ...
ORAL UPF/ TESI DOCT Nicotine addiction phenotypes in a BAC transgenic mouse
... alpha5, alpha3 and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), with low and restrictive expression pattern within the central nervous system. Since the majority of these studies address the role of individual subunits, several years ago, we generated a bacterial artificial chro ...
... alpha5, alpha3 and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), with low and restrictive expression pattern within the central nervous system. Since the majority of these studies address the role of individual subunits, several years ago, we generated a bacterial artificial chro ...
THE ELECTRODE-TISSUE INTERFACE DURING RECORDING
... stepping up when I needed you and for helping me with all of the annoying graduate requirements over the years. Dr. Landau thanks for helping spark my interest in electrochemisty, even though I am not good at it. I really enjoyed your class. Dawn thanks for your willingness to help and for sharing y ...
... stepping up when I needed you and for helping me with all of the annoying graduate requirements over the years. Dr. Landau thanks for helping spark my interest in electrochemisty, even though I am not good at it. I really enjoyed your class. Dawn thanks for your willingness to help and for sharing y ...
Jennifer McFarland - University of Evansville Faculty Web sites
... interpreted to suggest that REM sleep promotes neurogenesis, but this is unlikely. Despite the fact that the exact mechanism by which sleep deprivation reduces neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus is unknown, there is strong evidence supporting glucocorticoid release, due to the stress of chronic s ...
... interpreted to suggest that REM sleep promotes neurogenesis, but this is unlikely. Despite the fact that the exact mechanism by which sleep deprivation reduces neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus is unknown, there is strong evidence supporting glucocorticoid release, due to the stress of chronic s ...
Propagation of tau pathology in Alzheimer`s disease
... in its intercellular transfer is of great interest. The phosphorylation state and length of extracellular tau have been reported in numerous studies, but obtaining a global picture is difficult since different epitopes were analyzed in various model systems. Analysis of tau in human CSF found that l ...
... in its intercellular transfer is of great interest. The phosphorylation state and length of extracellular tau have been reported in numerous studies, but obtaining a global picture is difficult since different epitopes were analyzed in various model systems. Analysis of tau in human CSF found that l ...
Interactions between amygdala central nucleus and the ventral
... phosphate buffer (PB). Brains were removed, post-fixed and cryoprotected overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 m PB containing 12% sucrose, frozen with powdered dry ice, and stored at )80 C. Sections (40 lm) were taken from each brain on a freezing microtome and every third section was mounted on ...
... phosphate buffer (PB). Brains were removed, post-fixed and cryoprotected overnight in 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 m PB containing 12% sucrose, frozen with powdered dry ice, and stored at )80 C. Sections (40 lm) were taken from each brain on a freezing microtome and every third section was mounted on ...
Axon Initial Segment Cytoskeleton: Architecture, Development, and
... microtubule fascicles, which localize more deeply within the AIS cytoplasm. Thus, when viewed in cross section, the AIS can be divided into three main layers or regions: the plasma membrane (outermost surface), submembrane cytoskeleton corresponding to the plasma membrane undercoat (middle layer), a ...
... microtubule fascicles, which localize more deeply within the AIS cytoplasm. Thus, when viewed in cross section, the AIS can be divided into three main layers or regions: the plasma membrane (outermost surface), submembrane cytoskeleton corresponding to the plasma membrane undercoat (middle layer), a ...
A Novel Functionally Distinct Subtype of Striatal Neuropeptide Y
... then incubated in polyclonal antibody against NPY (1:1000; rabbit antineuropeptide Y; ImmunoStar; 22940), SOM (1:1000; rabbit anti-somatostatin; ImmunoStar; 20067), or NOS (1:1000; goat anti-neuronal nitric oxide synthase; Abcam; Ab1376) diluted in a solution containing 1% NDS, 1% BSA, and 0.1% Trit ...
... then incubated in polyclonal antibody against NPY (1:1000; rabbit antineuropeptide Y; ImmunoStar; 22940), SOM (1:1000; rabbit anti-somatostatin; ImmunoStar; 20067), or NOS (1:1000; goat anti-neuronal nitric oxide synthase; Abcam; Ab1376) diluted in a solution containing 1% NDS, 1% BSA, and 0.1% Trit ...
Axonal degeneration as a therapeutic target in the CNS | SpringerLink
... onset, that denervation and reinnervation were pronounced, while the spinal motor neurons were not yet affected. Pathological examination of tissue from ALS autopsy cases and from transgenic mouse models of the disease demonstrates the appearance of swollen axonal segments or spheroids being rich in ...
... onset, that denervation and reinnervation were pronounced, while the spinal motor neurons were not yet affected. Pathological examination of tissue from ALS autopsy cases and from transgenic mouse models of the disease demonstrates the appearance of swollen axonal segments or spheroids being rich in ...
Organization of brainstem nuclei
... Following the original suggestion of Paxinos and Huang (1995), we also acknowledge that the radial arrangement of the human caudal hindbrain with reference to the fourth ventricle (as King, 1980, proposed for the cat) is more tenable than the “quilt” pattern proposed by Olszewski and Baxter (1954). ...
... Following the original suggestion of Paxinos and Huang (1995), we also acknowledge that the radial arrangement of the human caudal hindbrain with reference to the fourth ventricle (as King, 1980, proposed for the cat) is more tenable than the “quilt” pattern proposed by Olszewski and Baxter (1954). ...
Behavioural Brain Research Ventral pallidum roles in reward and
... (the extent of damage is not clear from the published report of the still-living patient). In a second recent case [80], a patient with bilateral damage to the globus pallidus (the lesion is described by the authors as perhaps extending into the ventral pallidum) reported an “inability to feel emoti ...
... (the extent of damage is not clear from the published report of the still-living patient). In a second recent case [80], a patient with bilateral damage to the globus pallidus (the lesion is described by the authors as perhaps extending into the ventral pallidum) reported an “inability to feel emoti ...
2017
... Welcome to the 40th Annual ARO Midwinter Meeting, being held for the sixth time at the Marriott Waterfront in Baltimore, Maryland. This year’s meeting includes a record 1096 submitted abstracts, 13 symposia and 23 podium sessions. In addition, there will be daily mentoring sessions (Saturday, Sunday ...
... Welcome to the 40th Annual ARO Midwinter Meeting, being held for the sixth time at the Marriott Waterfront in Baltimore, Maryland. This year’s meeting includes a record 1096 submitted abstracts, 13 symposia and 23 podium sessions. In addition, there will be daily mentoring sessions (Saturday, Sunday ...
Altered Resting-State Functional Connectivity of
... about the functional organization of the brain (Biswal et al, 2010). Conveniently, these data can be acquired at rest, unbiased from task demands. The resting-state approach characterizes synchronous patterns of blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation associated with spontaneous low-frequency ...
... about the functional organization of the brain (Biswal et al, 2010). Conveniently, these data can be acquired at rest, unbiased from task demands. The resting-state approach characterizes synchronous patterns of blood-oxygen level dependent (BOLD) activation associated with spontaneous low-frequency ...
Graziano's CV
... single neuron firing in the macaque motor cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 27: 2760-2780. Aflalo TN and Graziano MSA (2006) Possible origins of the complex topographic organization of motor cortex: reduction of a multidimensional space onto a 2-dimensional array. Journal of Neuroscience, 26: 6288-62 ...
... single neuron firing in the macaque motor cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 27: 2760-2780. Aflalo TN and Graziano MSA (2006) Possible origins of the complex topographic organization of motor cortex: reduction of a multidimensional space onto a 2-dimensional array. Journal of Neuroscience, 26: 6288-62 ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.