Neural Encoding I: Firing Rates and Spike Statistics
... this book, involves measuring and characterizing how stimulus attributes, such as light or sound intensity, or motor actions, such as the direction of an arm movement, are represented by action potentials. The link between stimulus and response can be studied from two opposite points of view. Neural ...
... this book, involves measuring and characterizing how stimulus attributes, such as light or sound intensity, or motor actions, such as the direction of an arm movement, are represented by action potentials. The link between stimulus and response can be studied from two opposite points of view. Neural ...
Prediction of Subjective Affective State From Brain Activations
... Techniques have been developed to enable the information provided by populations of simultaneously recorded neurons to be analyzed (Aggelopoulos et al. 2005; Franco et al. 2004; Rolls et al. 1997a), and in this section, we extend these techniques to the analysis of functional imaging data. These tec ...
... Techniques have been developed to enable the information provided by populations of simultaneously recorded neurons to be analyzed (Aggelopoulos et al. 2005; Franco et al. 2004; Rolls et al. 1997a), and in this section, we extend these techniques to the analysis of functional imaging data. These tec ...
The prototype effect revisited: Evidence for an abstract feature model
... consistent with a single model, it is worth restating what the holistic and configural results actually tell us. Holistic effects are evidence for the fact that upright faces are processed in a manner that is sensitive to multiple, integrated aspects of the face. Some have interpreted this as eviden ...
... consistent with a single model, it is worth restating what the holistic and configural results actually tell us. Holistic effects are evidence for the fact that upright faces are processed in a manner that is sensitive to multiple, integrated aspects of the face. Some have interpreted this as eviden ...
Neural Networks
... parts of the manuscript, providing inforsimulations with lots and lots of neural mation on how to implement their connetworks (even large ones) being trained text in Snipe. This also implies that those who do not want to use Snipe, simultaneously. Recently, I decided to just have to skip the shaded ...
... parts of the manuscript, providing inforsimulations with lots and lots of neural mation on how to implement their connetworks (even large ones) being trained text in Snipe. This also implies that those who do not want to use Snipe, simultaneously. Recently, I decided to just have to skip the shaded ...
Circadian clocks in crustaceans: identified neuronal and cellular systems
... recordings from isolated brain-eyestalk preparations have demonstrated circadian multiunit activities and visual evoked potential ...
... recordings from isolated brain-eyestalk preparations have demonstrated circadian multiunit activities and visual evoked potential ...
Takehiro Matsumora, Kowa Koida and Hidehiko Komatsu
... end of the anterior middle temporal sulcus (amts) in the inferior temporal cortex. The recording sites were situated from 7 to 19 mm anterior to the interaural line and from 19 to 26 mm lateral from the midline. A: schematic illustration of the lateral surface of the right hemisphere of one monkey. ...
... end of the anterior middle temporal sulcus (amts) in the inferior temporal cortex. The recording sites were situated from 7 to 19 mm anterior to the interaural line and from 19 to 26 mm lateral from the midline. A: schematic illustration of the lateral surface of the right hemisphere of one monkey. ...
Serotonergic Attenuation of the Reinforcing and Neurochemical
... The present studies were conducted to evaluate further the interactions between 5-HT and DA in nonhuman primates regarding the behavioral pharmacology of cocaine. The effects of a 5-HT uptake inhibitor, alaproclate, and a 5-HT direct agonist, quipazine, on cocaine self-administration were characteri ...
... The present studies were conducted to evaluate further the interactions between 5-HT and DA in nonhuman primates regarding the behavioral pharmacology of cocaine. The effects of a 5-HT uptake inhibitor, alaproclate, and a 5-HT direct agonist, quipazine, on cocaine self-administration were characteri ...
Ciccarelli 2: The Biological Perspective
... Figure 2.3 (continued) The Neural Impulse Action Potential In the graph below, voltage readings are shown at a given place on the neuron over a period of 20 or 30 milliseconds (thousandths of a second). At first the cell is resting; it then reaches threshold and an action potential is triggered. Af ...
... Figure 2.3 (continued) The Neural Impulse Action Potential In the graph below, voltage readings are shown at a given place on the neuron over a period of 20 or 30 milliseconds (thousandths of a second). At first the cell is resting; it then reaches threshold and an action potential is triggered. Af ...
The role of sodium channels in neuropathic pain
... are both blocked by low doses of TTX [53,54], indicating the primary role of TTX-S currents in generating functional aspects of neuropathic pain. It is thought that the fast activation and inactivation kinetics of Nav1.3, together with its rapid repriming kinetics and persistent current component, c ...
... are both blocked by low doses of TTX [53,54], indicating the primary role of TTX-S currents in generating functional aspects of neuropathic pain. It is thought that the fast activation and inactivation kinetics of Nav1.3, together with its rapid repriming kinetics and persistent current component, c ...
PDF - Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
... SCI is not satisfactory. Thus, it’s urgent to find effective treatment methods for SCI, and many experiments have been done covering many aspects, such as molecule, cell, gene, drug treatment, and so on. In this study, we have discovered that GDNF immunoreactive products were found in the cytoplasm ...
... SCI is not satisfactory. Thus, it’s urgent to find effective treatment methods for SCI, and many experiments have been done covering many aspects, such as molecule, cell, gene, drug treatment, and so on. In this study, we have discovered that GDNF immunoreactive products were found in the cytoplasm ...
Module 2
... What name the theory which proves existence in an organism of the person of receptors which answer to both painful and not painful sensations, depending on force irritant has. Specify its correct name. A. The theory of sensitivity B. The theory of intensity C. The theory unspecificity D. The theory ...
... What name the theory which proves existence in an organism of the person of receptors which answer to both painful and not painful sensations, depending on force irritant has. Specify its correct name. A. The theory of sensitivity B. The theory of intensity C. The theory unspecificity D. The theory ...
INFUSION OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) INTO KITTEN
... AbstractöIntracerebroventricular or intracortical administration of nerve growth factor (NGF) has been shown to block or attenuate visual cortical plasticity in the rat. In cats and ferrets, the e¡ects of exogenous NGF on development and plasticity of visual cortex have been reported to be small or ...
... AbstractöIntracerebroventricular or intracortical administration of nerve growth factor (NGF) has been shown to block or attenuate visual cortical plasticity in the rat. In cats and ferrets, the e¡ects of exogenous NGF on development and plasticity of visual cortex have been reported to be small or ...
Dendritic Computation - UCSD Cognitive Science
... by University of California - San Diego on 01/17/06. For personal use only. ...
... by University of California - San Diego on 01/17/06. For personal use only. ...
Response Suppression in V1 Agrees with Psychophysics of
... Surround suppression has been studied extensively both in physiology and psychophysics. Physiologists typically measure the response to a target placed in the receptive field of a neuron, and then test how the response is modulated by the presence of highcontrast stimuli placed outside the receptive ...
... Surround suppression has been studied extensively both in physiology and psychophysics. Physiologists typically measure the response to a target placed in the receptive field of a neuron, and then test how the response is modulated by the presence of highcontrast stimuli placed outside the receptive ...
Neural correlates of incidental and directed facial emotion
... ongoing functional maturation. Moreover, these regions modulate cognitive processes by driving attention towards socially relevant stimuli. The ‘cognitive-regulatory’ node controls impulse inhibition and goal-directed behavior and consists of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), ventrolateral pre ...
... ongoing functional maturation. Moreover, these regions modulate cognitive processes by driving attention towards socially relevant stimuli. The ‘cognitive-regulatory’ node controls impulse inhibition and goal-directed behavior and consists of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), ventrolateral pre ...
Neural correlates of stimulus–response and response–outcome
... same block were averaged together. In this way, free- and forcedchoice trials were matched for direction, outcome and position in block. To represent population activity, we first binned the firing rate of each neuron, from the beginning of each trial to the end of each trial. Then we subtracted the ...
... same block were averaged together. In this way, free- and forcedchoice trials were matched for direction, outcome and position in block. To represent population activity, we first binned the firing rate of each neuron, from the beginning of each trial to the end of each trial. Then we subtracted the ...
Receptive Fields and Binaural Interactions for Virtual
... Searle et al. 1976). Physiological studies under free-field stimulation have shown that many cells in the auditory midbrain are sensitive to the direction of sound sources (King and Palmer 1983; Knudsen 1982; Knudsen and Konishi 1978; Semple et al. 1983; see Irvine 1992 for review). However, free-fi ...
... Searle et al. 1976). Physiological studies under free-field stimulation have shown that many cells in the auditory midbrain are sensitive to the direction of sound sources (King and Palmer 1983; Knudsen 1982; Knudsen and Konishi 1978; Semple et al. 1983; see Irvine 1992 for review). However, free-fi ...
Berridge, K.C.Brain reward systems for food incentives and
... appetite-promoting sites means the brain has an extensive opioid pleasure network that stretches throughout much of the forebrain. That happy possibility would give every brain a really large hedonic causation system for generating pleasure. But alternatively, if opioid circuits of food hedonic (“li ...
... appetite-promoting sites means the brain has an extensive opioid pleasure network that stretches throughout much of the forebrain. That happy possibility would give every brain a really large hedonic causation system for generating pleasure. But alternatively, if opioid circuits of food hedonic (“li ...
Previous studies have shown that there are a large variety of
... in the upper half of layer 6 in the somatosensory and visual cortices project to their respective primary relay nuclei, the ventroposterior medial nucleus (VPm) and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN; Bourassa and Deschenes 1995; Zhang and Deschenes 1997). Cells in the lower half of layer 6 of the ...
... in the upper half of layer 6 in the somatosensory and visual cortices project to their respective primary relay nuclei, the ventroposterior medial nucleus (VPm) and the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN; Bourassa and Deschenes 1995; Zhang and Deschenes 1997). Cells in the lower half of layer 6 of the ...
Memory Maintenance in Synapses with Calcium
... modifications induced by specific patterns of pre- and postsynaptic activity. For this scenario to be viable, synaptic modifications must survive the ubiquitous ongoing activity present in neural circuits in vivo. In this paper, we investigate the time scales of memory maintenance in a calcium-based ...
... modifications induced by specific patterns of pre- and postsynaptic activity. For this scenario to be viable, synaptic modifications must survive the ubiquitous ongoing activity present in neural circuits in vivo. In this paper, we investigate the time scales of memory maintenance in a calcium-based ...
The amygdala: securing pleasure and avoiding pain
... conditioning with motivationally relevant outcomes which, importantly, can be either appetitive (e.g. food) or aversive (e.g. electric shock). We also consider how different psychological processes supported by the amygdala such as conditioned reinforcement and punishment, conditioned motivation and ...
... conditioning with motivationally relevant outcomes which, importantly, can be either appetitive (e.g. food) or aversive (e.g. electric shock). We also consider how different psychological processes supported by the amygdala such as conditioned reinforcement and punishment, conditioned motivation and ...
Abnormal Neurotransmitter Release Underlying Behavioral and
... drugs that attenuate increases in neurotransmitter release or their postsynaptic effects, such as the detrimental cognitive effects of nicotinic and muscarinic receptor antagonists, or the depression-like symptoms resulting from acute tryptophan depletion (eg, Booij et al, 2005; Ellis et al, 2006), ...
... drugs that attenuate increases in neurotransmitter release or their postsynaptic effects, such as the detrimental cognitive effects of nicotinic and muscarinic receptor antagonists, or the depression-like symptoms resulting from acute tryptophan depletion (eg, Booij et al, 2005; Ellis et al, 2006), ...
Neurological characterization of mice deficient in GSK3α highlight
... fertilization by AA- sperm can result in germ-line recombination of both maternal and paternal floxed GSK3α alleles, early in the developing fetus. Germ-line transmission of the recombined GSK3α alleles by normal Mendelian inheritance is then no longer dependent of the presence of the Thy1-Cre-recom ...
... fertilization by AA- sperm can result in germ-line recombination of both maternal and paternal floxed GSK3α alleles, early in the developing fetus. Germ-line transmission of the recombined GSK3α alleles by normal Mendelian inheritance is then no longer dependent of the presence of the Thy1-Cre-recom ...
Similarities between Severe Tinnitus and Chronic Pain
... neurons may change their function in other ways in addition to increasing their excitability. Thus, the maximally obtainable firing rate may increase, and new routes for the output of the WDR neurons may be established by opening of dormant synapses . Normally, these neurons connect only to the soma ...
... neurons may change their function in other ways in addition to increasing their excitability. Thus, the maximally obtainable firing rate may increase, and new routes for the output of the WDR neurons may be established by opening of dormant synapses . Normally, these neurons connect only to the soma ...
donepezil dose-dependently inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in
... (E2020) has been introduced for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the human brain. However, there is no morphological evidence as to how this chemical agent affects the acetylcholinesterase-positive structures in the various areas of the human and the rat CNS. This study demonstrate ...
... (E2020) has been introduced for the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity in the human brain. However, there is no morphological evidence as to how this chemical agent affects the acetylcholinesterase-positive structures in the various areas of the human and the rat CNS. This study demonstrate ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.