Chapter 7
... inactivate. K channels open, and K rushes out; interior of cell more negative than outside. ...
... inactivate. K channels open, and K rushes out; interior of cell more negative than outside. ...
Same Spinal Interneurons Mediate Reflex Actions of Group Ib and
... interneurons mediating reflex actions from group Ib tendon organ afferents (“Ib interneurons”) and group II muscle spindle afferents (“group II interneurons”), in which both Ib and group II reflex pathways play an important role in shaping patterned movements (for review see Pearson 2004). With resp ...
... interneurons mediating reflex actions from group Ib tendon organ afferents (“Ib interneurons”) and group II muscle spindle afferents (“group II interneurons”), in which both Ib and group II reflex pathways play an important role in shaping patterned movements (for review see Pearson 2004). With resp ...
Noise and Coupling Affect Signal Detection and Bursting in a
... detection in these cells is complicated by the presence of noise (Bekkers et al. 1990; Destexhe and Paré 1999; Kamondi et al. 1998; Sayer et al. 1989;), the large number of synapses, and dendritic attenuation (Spruston et al. 1993), a situation that makes them ideal candidates for physiological SR ...
... detection in these cells is complicated by the presence of noise (Bekkers et al. 1990; Destexhe and Paré 1999; Kamondi et al. 1998; Sayer et al. 1989;), the large number of synapses, and dendritic attenuation (Spruston et al. 1993), a situation that makes them ideal candidates for physiological SR ...
Limbic systems for emotion and for memory, but no
... learning in Tier 2 of the value of an object or face seen in one location on the retina, size, and view will generalize to other views etc. In rodents there is no such clear separation of ‘what’ from ‘value’ representations. For example in the taste system, satiety influences taste processing at the ...
... learning in Tier 2 of the value of an object or face seen in one location on the retina, size, and view will generalize to other views etc. In rodents there is no such clear separation of ‘what’ from ‘value’ representations. For example in the taste system, satiety influences taste processing at the ...
The natural hallucinogen 5-MeO-DMT, component of Ayahuasca
... 5-HT2A-R agonist DOI (Celada et al., 2008), markedly disrupt cortical function in rodents. increasing pyramidal neuron discharge and reducing low frequency cortical oscillations (LFCO) in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (see (Celada et al., 2013) for review). Here we examined the effects of 5-MeO-DM ...
... 5-HT2A-R agonist DOI (Celada et al., 2008), markedly disrupt cortical function in rodents. increasing pyramidal neuron discharge and reducing low frequency cortical oscillations (LFCO) in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) (see (Celada et al., 2013) for review). Here we examined the effects of 5-MeO-DM ...
Galanin-like peptide: a key player in the homeostatic regulation of
... cells contain a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-like immunoreactivity.36 In spite of these findings, there are no other neuropeptides or transmitters that are colocalized with GALP in the ARC, suggesting that it is a unique peptide. GALP-positive fibers in the rat ARC project to several hypothalamic ...
... cells contain a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-like immunoreactivity.36 In spite of these findings, there are no other neuropeptides or transmitters that are colocalized with GALP in the ARC, suggesting that it is a unique peptide. GALP-positive fibers in the rat ARC project to several hypothalamic ...
Module 2
... Fluctuation of a membrane of an oval aperture is transferred to: A. Perilymph vestibular scale and through vestibular a membrane - endolymph B. Endolymph vestibular scale and through vestibular a membrane - endolymph C. Endolymph vestibular scale and through the basic membrane - endolymph D. Endolym ...
... Fluctuation of a membrane of an oval aperture is transferred to: A. Perilymph vestibular scale and through vestibular a membrane - endolymph B. Endolymph vestibular scale and through vestibular a membrane - endolymph C. Endolymph vestibular scale and through the basic membrane - endolymph D. Endolym ...
PDF of article - Janelia Research Campus
... For approximately isometric volumes like neuropile compartments, a simple measure of their relative center of mass may suffice for identification, while the measurement of their volume and relative location may suffice for the rough quantification of their variability (Jenett et al., 2006). However, ...
... For approximately isometric volumes like neuropile compartments, a simple measure of their relative center of mass may suffice for identification, while the measurement of their volume and relative location may suffice for the rough quantification of their variability (Jenett et al., 2006). However, ...
Through the looking glass: counter
... 1280 ms before it was replaced by the imperative stimulus, which was shown for 640 ms. Each trial therefore depicted either a hand or foot being raised from a resting position either alone (single stimulus) or while the other effector remained at rest (compound stimulus). The compound stimuli introd ...
... 1280 ms before it was replaced by the imperative stimulus, which was shown for 640 ms. Each trial therefore depicted either a hand or foot being raised from a resting position either alone (single stimulus) or while the other effector remained at rest (compound stimulus). The compound stimuli introd ...
MAG, Nogo-A and NgR in Hippocampal Development and Regeneration TESIS DOCTORAL
... The question this thesis aims to address is, therefore, the role of myelin-associated inhibitors in the regeneration of cortical connections. The model we have used is the entorhino-hippocampal connection and the conceptual structure followed was i) characterizing the temporal expression of the prot ...
... The question this thesis aims to address is, therefore, the role of myelin-associated inhibitors in the regeneration of cortical connections. The model we have used is the entorhino-hippocampal connection and the conceptual structure followed was i) characterizing the temporal expression of the prot ...
Temporal coding in the gustatory system
... communication in nearly all sensory modalities, including the chemical senses. For example, in the olfactory system, it has been shown that organized oscillations in firing patterns of neurons in the central nervous system of moths are not only correlated with olfactory discrimination (MacLeod et al. ...
... communication in nearly all sensory modalities, including the chemical senses. For example, in the olfactory system, it has been shown that organized oscillations in firing patterns of neurons in the central nervous system of moths are not only correlated with olfactory discrimination (MacLeod et al. ...
Dissociated functional significance of decision
... plays a critical role in decision making, given that other areas are processing information in parallel and are able to quickly compensate when it is artificially inactivated. Although other techniques with faster time scales will allow for more direct tests of this possibility, we did not observe ...
... plays a critical role in decision making, given that other areas are processing information in parallel and are able to quickly compensate when it is artificially inactivated. Although other techniques with faster time scales will allow for more direct tests of this possibility, we did not observe ...
highlighted topics - American Journal of Physiology
... light-induced phase shifts of overt circadian rhythmicity. For some of these steps, however, there is a paucity of data on their relationship to one another or to phase shifting. Moreover, at least in rats and hamsters (where SCN subdivisions are clearly defined), the photic and circadian regulation ...
... light-induced phase shifts of overt circadian rhythmicity. For some of these steps, however, there is a paucity of data on their relationship to one another or to phase shifting. Moreover, at least in rats and hamsters (where SCN subdivisions are clearly defined), the photic and circadian regulation ...
the pattern of neurodegeneration in huntington`s disease
... Department of Anatomy, University of Auckland and the study was approved by the University of Auckland Human Subjects Ethics Committee. All control subjects had previously been in good health with no known history of neurological disease or drug treatment and all had died suddenly without the opport ...
... Department of Anatomy, University of Auckland and the study was approved by the University of Auckland Human Subjects Ethics Committee. All control subjects had previously been in good health with no known history of neurological disease or drug treatment and all had died suddenly without the opport ...
Weak orientation and direction selectivity in lateral geniculate
... recording using the methods described in Van Hooser et al. (2003) and Heimel et al. (2005). In brief, animals were initially anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and acepromazine maleate (90 mg/ml ketamine, 0.91 mg/ml acepromazine maleate, and 0.5 ml/kg initial dose im). A femoral vein was cannul ...
... recording using the methods described in Van Hooser et al. (2003) and Heimel et al. (2005). In brief, animals were initially anesthetized with a mixture of ketamine and acepromazine maleate (90 mg/ml ketamine, 0.91 mg/ml acepromazine maleate, and 0.5 ml/kg initial dose im). A femoral vein was cannul ...
Review - Wesleyan University
... Although NEP1–40 is clearly effective as an antagonist of Nogo66, its ability to promote neuronal regeneration is, even at high concentration in vitro, incomplete (39). Elements other than Nogo that reside within CNS myelin and inhibit neuronal regeneration must thus be considered. One such element ...
... Although NEP1–40 is clearly effective as an antagonist of Nogo66, its ability to promote neuronal regeneration is, even at high concentration in vitro, incomplete (39). Elements other than Nogo that reside within CNS myelin and inhibit neuronal regeneration must thus be considered. One such element ...
Slide 1
... Electrical Figure from: [Wikipedia: Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg] *There are as many as 10,000 specific types of neurons responsible for different tasks in the human brain. Mainlly they can be coarsely classified in: motor neurons (for conveying motor information), sensory neurons (for conv ...
... Electrical Figure from: [Wikipedia: Complete_neuron_cell_diagram_en.svg] *There are as many as 10,000 specific types of neurons responsible for different tasks in the human brain. Mainlly they can be coarsely classified in: motor neurons (for conveying motor information), sensory neurons (for conv ...
Individual olfactory sensory neurons project into more than one
... in the present study does not allow any conclusion as to how many glomeruli are innervated by OSNs expressing the same OR. On the basis of the light microscopic observation of an avidin-stained fiber in the olfactory nerve layer, it is often impossible to distinguish whether this fiber consists of one ...
... in the present study does not allow any conclusion as to how many glomeruli are innervated by OSNs expressing the same OR. On the basis of the light microscopic observation of an avidin-stained fiber in the olfactory nerve layer, it is often impossible to distinguish whether this fiber consists of one ...
Sample
... d) quick succession Incorrect. This is not the term referred to by the book. ANS: A, p. 45, C, (2) Section: Brain Circuits: Making Connections 22. The term “fire” when referring to neural transmission indicates that a neuron ___________. a) has become less positive in charge b) has received, in its ...
... d) quick succession Incorrect. This is not the term referred to by the book. ANS: A, p. 45, C, (2) Section: Brain Circuits: Making Connections 22. The term “fire” when referring to neural transmission indicates that a neuron ___________. a) has become less positive in charge b) has received, in its ...
Chadha_umd_0117E_15128 - DRUM
... Aerial navigation by bats is made possible by an evolutionary modification of their forelimbs to support a wing membrane. The bat hand-wing consists of flexible and articulated skeletal elements with a thin, and highly adaptive skin membrane stretching across upper limbs and the body. (Swartz, Grove ...
... Aerial navigation by bats is made possible by an evolutionary modification of their forelimbs to support a wing membrane. The bat hand-wing consists of flexible and articulated skeletal elements with a thin, and highly adaptive skin membrane stretching across upper limbs and the body. (Swartz, Grove ...
The medial parietal occipital areas in the macaque
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
... The number, location, extent, and functional properties of the cortical areas that occupy the medial parieto-occipital cortex (mPOC) have been, and still is, a matter of scientific debate. The mPOC is a convoluted region of the brain that presents a high level of individual variability, and the fact ...
Wasp uses venom cocktail to manipulate the behavior F. Libersat
... an egg on the cuticle surface. The larva develops outside of the prey, feeding on the hemolymph through a small hole in the cuticle, and after which it moves inside the prey’s body to feed and pupate for completing its ...
... an egg on the cuticle surface. The larva develops outside of the prey, feeding on the hemolymph through a small hole in the cuticle, and after which it moves inside the prey’s body to feed and pupate for completing its ...
9 Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential
... NERVE CELLS ARE ABLE TO carry signals over long distances because of their ability to generate an action potential—a regenerative electrical signal whose amplitude does not attenuate as it moves down the axon. In Chapter 7 we saw how an action potential arises from sequential changes in the membrane ...
... NERVE CELLS ARE ABLE TO carry signals over long distances because of their ability to generate an action potential—a regenerative electrical signal whose amplitude does not attenuate as it moves down the axon. In Chapter 7 we saw how an action potential arises from sequential changes in the membrane ...
Functional circuitry underlying visual neglect
... because a variety of treatments such as the application of cold water to the ear canal ipsilateral to the neglected field (‘caloric stimulation’) or vibration of the dorsal neck musculature causes the patient to once again become aware of stimuli in the neglected hemifield (Pierce and Buxbaum, 2002; ...
... because a variety of treatments such as the application of cold water to the ear canal ipsilateral to the neglected field (‘caloric stimulation’) or vibration of the dorsal neck musculature causes the patient to once again become aware of stimuli in the neglected hemifield (Pierce and Buxbaum, 2002; ...
Reuss 9..48
... it should be noted that a number of methodical parameters render it difficult to draw final conclusions on certain aspects of SCN morphology. For example, day-night differences in the expression of neuroactive substances may not or only inadequately be detected when respective changes were out of ph ...
... it should be noted that a number of methodical parameters render it difficult to draw final conclusions on certain aspects of SCN morphology. For example, day-night differences in the expression of neuroactive substances may not or only inadequately be detected when respective changes were out of ph ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.