Saccade Target Selection in Frontal Eye Field of Macaque. I. Visual
... We investigated how the brain selects the targets for eye movements, a process in which the outcome of visual processing is converted into guided action. Macaque monkeys were trained to make a saccade to fixate a salient target presented either alone or with multiple distracters during visual search ...
... We investigated how the brain selects the targets for eye movements, a process in which the outcome of visual processing is converted into guided action. Macaque monkeys were trained to make a saccade to fixate a salient target presented either alone or with multiple distracters during visual search ...
Biophysics of Extracellular Action Potentials
... action potential (IAP). I find that the IAP method underconstrains the parameters. The distinguishing characteristics of the EAP constrain the parameters and are fairly invariant to electrode position and cellular morphology. I conclude that matching EAP recordings are an excellent means of constrai ...
... action potential (IAP). I find that the IAP method underconstrains the parameters. The distinguishing characteristics of the EAP constrain the parameters and are fairly invariant to electrode position and cellular morphology. I conclude that matching EAP recordings are an excellent means of constrai ...
Mechanisms of gustatory coding in Spodoptera littoralis
... Taste is one of the fundamental senses by which animals can detect food sources (sugars, salts, lipids, amino acids) but also noxious compounds dissolved in aqueous solution or adsorbed on surfaces (leaf, cuticle). Unlike olfaction, where only cephalic organs are involved in the detection of volatil ...
... Taste is one of the fundamental senses by which animals can detect food sources (sugars, salts, lipids, amino acids) but also noxious compounds dissolved in aqueous solution or adsorbed on surfaces (leaf, cuticle). Unlike olfaction, where only cephalic organs are involved in the detection of volatil ...
Module 10 - Neuronal Signalling
... characterizes the brain rhythms detected by electroencephalograms (EEGs). Any consideration of synaptic transmission must take into account the fact that the rate of synaptic transmission is often extremely high. Another example of the significance of timing concerns neuronal coincident detection, d ...
... characterizes the brain rhythms detected by electroencephalograms (EEGs). Any consideration of synaptic transmission must take into account the fact that the rate of synaptic transmission is often extremely high. Another example of the significance of timing concerns neuronal coincident detection, d ...
Vision for Prehension in the Medial Parietal Cortex - Gallettilab
... Figure 3. Visual field representation in V6A, and its possible use in reaching control. (A) Spatial locations occupied by V6A visual receptive fields. Color scale indicates the relative density of receptive fields covering that specific part of the visual field. In the dark red region, more than 200 visu ...
... Figure 3. Visual field representation in V6A, and its possible use in reaching control. (A) Spatial locations occupied by V6A visual receptive fields. Color scale indicates the relative density of receptive fields covering that specific part of the visual field. In the dark red region, more than 200 visu ...
Intrinsic Connections of Macaque of Cells Outside Lamina 4c` Striate
... 5B. In many cases, we find it possible to trace the flow of visual information through several “circuits” in striate cortex that have, as their output, projections to extrastriate cortex or to the brainstem. Our results offer additional insights in this regard since we are able, in many cases, to co ...
... 5B. In many cases, we find it possible to trace the flow of visual information through several “circuits” in striate cortex that have, as their output, projections to extrastriate cortex or to the brainstem. Our results offer additional insights in this regard since we are able, in many cases, to co ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... Cell culture and transfection. Time-pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were obtained from Charles River and the postnatal pups (P0 –P1), including both males and females, were used to obtain primary neurons from the sympathetic ganglia. The neurons were then dissociated as described previously (He et al., ...
... Cell culture and transfection. Time-pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were obtained from Charles River and the postnatal pups (P0 –P1), including both males and females, were used to obtain primary neurons from the sympathetic ganglia. The neurons were then dissociated as described previously (He et al., ...
Effects of uniform extracellular DC electric fields on excitability in rat
... axis of neurons with the maximal polarization observed at the tips of basal and apical dendrites. The polarization was biphasic in the mid-apical dendrites; there was a time-dependent shift in the polarity reversal site. DC fields altered the thresholds of action potentials evoked by orthodromic sti ...
... axis of neurons with the maximal polarization observed at the tips of basal and apical dendrites. The polarization was biphasic in the mid-apical dendrites; there was a time-dependent shift in the polarity reversal site. DC fields altered the thresholds of action potentials evoked by orthodromic sti ...
Alterations to multisensory and unisensory integration by stimulus
... orient toward biologically relevant events. The superior colliculus (SC) plays a key role in this task by translating sensory signals into the motor commands required for orienting the eyes, ears, and head toward salient visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli as well as to their various cross-modal c ...
... orient toward biologically relevant events. The superior colliculus (SC) plays a key role in this task by translating sensory signals into the motor commands required for orienting the eyes, ears, and head toward salient visual, auditory, and tactile stimuli as well as to their various cross-modal c ...
An unaware agenda: interictal consciousness
... seen independently of other EEG- and epilepsy-related characteristics, and independently of epilepsy syndrome diagnosis. Cognitive impairments seen in children during IEDs are also present in adults (Lv et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2016). Moreover, interictal epileptiform activity can disrupt auditory, ...
... seen independently of other EEG- and epilepsy-related characteristics, and independently of epilepsy syndrome diagnosis. Cognitive impairments seen in children during IEDs are also present in adults (Lv et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2016). Moreover, interictal epileptiform activity can disrupt auditory, ...
Rapid Translocation of Zn 2+ from Nerve Terminals
... Ca2⫹ channels (VDCC) in postsynaptic neurons (Koh and Choi 1994; Sensi et al. 1999; Weiss and Sensi 2000), where it can directly influence various signaling cascades (Brewer et al. 1979; Hubbard et al. 1991; Park and Koh 1999). Although these effects have been observed only in dissociated cells with ...
... Ca2⫹ channels (VDCC) in postsynaptic neurons (Koh and Choi 1994; Sensi et al. 1999; Weiss and Sensi 2000), where it can directly influence various signaling cascades (Brewer et al. 1979; Hubbard et al. 1991; Park and Koh 1999). Although these effects have been observed only in dissociated cells with ...
Efficient gene transduction of neurons by lentivirus with
... because they have high transcription activities in all the infected cells whatever their cell types are. Taken together, VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors with CMV promoter express transgene in not only neuronal but also glial cells in the central nervous system3–5,8 Thus, it is indispensable to ...
... because they have high transcription activities in all the infected cells whatever their cell types are. Taken together, VSV-G-pseudotyped lentiviral vectors with CMV promoter express transgene in not only neuronal but also glial cells in the central nervous system3–5,8 Thus, it is indispensable to ...
Print
... hippocampus (188), as well as throughout the brain, where activation of CB1 by endocannabinoids can efficiently veto neurotransmitter release in many distinct types of synapses (see sect. IV). The conditions of synthesis, release, distance of diffusion, duration of effect, and site of action were al ...
... hippocampus (188), as well as throughout the brain, where activation of CB1 by endocannabinoids can efficiently veto neurotransmitter release in many distinct types of synapses (see sect. IV). The conditions of synthesis, release, distance of diffusion, duration of effect, and site of action were al ...
Ecology and Echolocation of Bats and Toothed Whales
... pulses need to be shortened with higher pulse repetition rates, to prevent masking of echoes caused by outgoing pulses or background noise caused by clutter (Schnitzler & Kalko, 2001). Single or multiple pulses are emitted on each upstroke of the wings, using the energy of the wing beat to produce s ...
... pulses need to be shortened with higher pulse repetition rates, to prevent masking of echoes caused by outgoing pulses or background noise caused by clutter (Schnitzler & Kalko, 2001). Single or multiple pulses are emitted on each upstroke of the wings, using the energy of the wing beat to produce s ...
The Cellular Basis of a Corollary Discharge
... neural signals, termed corollary discharges or efference copies, are forwarded from motor to sensory areas. Neurons mediating these signals have proved difficult to identify. We show that a single, multisegmental interneuron is responsible for the pre- and postsynaptic inhibition of auditory neurons ...
... neural signals, termed corollary discharges or efference copies, are forwarded from motor to sensory areas. Neurons mediating these signals have proved difficult to identify. We show that a single, multisegmental interneuron is responsible for the pre- and postsynaptic inhibition of auditory neurons ...
Selective amplification of the S
... L-, M- and S-cone types normalized with respect to the white background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stimuli (RG, BY and Ach) were determined within this space to isolate each ...
... L-, M- and S-cone types normalized with respect to the white background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stimuli (RG, BY and Ach) were determined within this space to isolate each ...
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1) - test bank and solution manual for your
... Correct. This is the state where the electrical charge is reversed. d) permeable reaction ANS: c, p. 49, C, LO=2.1, (1) % correct 75 a= 14 b= 10 c= 75 d= 1 r = .31 APA: LO 1.2 31. The term “fire” when referring to neural transmission indicates that a neuron: a) has become less positive in charge. b) ...
... Correct. This is the state where the electrical charge is reversed. d) permeable reaction ANS: c, p. 49, C, LO=2.1, (1) % correct 75 a= 14 b= 10 c= 75 d= 1 r = .31 APA: LO 1.2 31. The term “fire” when referring to neural transmission indicates that a neuron: a) has become less positive in charge. b) ...
CHAPTER TWO - Test Bank 1
... Correct. This is the state where the electrical charge is reversed. d) permeable reaction ANS: c, p. 49, C, LO=2.1, (1) % correct 75 a= 14 b= 10 c= 75 d= 1 r = .31 APA: LO 1.2 31. The term “fire” when referring to neural transmission indicates that a neuron: a) has become less positive in charge. b) ...
... Correct. This is the state where the electrical charge is reversed. d) permeable reaction ANS: c, p. 49, C, LO=2.1, (1) % correct 75 a= 14 b= 10 c= 75 d= 1 r = .31 APA: LO 1.2 31. The term “fire” when referring to neural transmission indicates that a neuron: a) has become less positive in charge. b) ...
Lillienfeld: Chapter 3 lecture PowerPoint
... they do. Describe electrical responses of neurons and what makes them possible. Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with ...
... they do. Describe electrical responses of neurons and what makes them possible. Explain how neurons use neurotransmitters to communicate with ...
What clinical disorders tell us about the neural
... (models) of the neural control of saccades. These models simulate normal saccades well, but are challenged by clinical disorders because they often do not incorporate the specific anatomical and physiological substrates needed to model clinically important abnormalities. The interaction between rese ...
... (models) of the neural control of saccades. These models simulate normal saccades well, but are challenged by clinical disorders because they often do not incorporate the specific anatomical and physiological substrates needed to model clinically important abnormalities. The interaction between rese ...
Dopamine D2 Receptor Priming Enhances Dopaminergic Response
... expression, hypothetically involved in neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the hippocampus and frontal cortex known to be present in schizophrenia (Aloe et al. 2001, Parikh et al. 2003). These six consistencies demonstrate the validity of the model relative to psychosis. However, this model should b ...
... expression, hypothetically involved in neurodevelopmental abnormalities in the hippocampus and frontal cortex known to be present in schizophrenia (Aloe et al. 2001, Parikh et al. 2003). These six consistencies demonstrate the validity of the model relative to psychosis. However, this model should b ...
Evidence that GABA augmentation of norepinephrine release is mediated by interneurons
... H-NE release. GABA significantly increases the S3:S1 ratios, although GABA is washed out immediately following S2 Ž p - 0.0001; Fig. 1C.. Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, was used to test the role of bicarbonate regeneration in the augmentation of stimulated 3 H-NE release by GABA. Ace ...
... H-NE release. GABA significantly increases the S3:S1 ratios, although GABA is washed out immediately following S2 Ž p - 0.0001; Fig. 1C.. Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, was used to test the role of bicarbonate regeneration in the augmentation of stimulated 3 H-NE release by GABA. Ace ...
Material and methods - HAL
... Male Swiss mice (25 ± 1 g, R. Janvier, Le Genest Saint Isle, France) were dosed p.o. with 10 mg/kg BF2.649 after overnight fasting. At times of 0.5, 1.5, 3 and 8 hr post dose, 0.8-1.0 ml blood samples from each carbon dioxide-anaesthetized mouse were withdrawn by cardiac puncture using heparinized s ...
... Male Swiss mice (25 ± 1 g, R. Janvier, Le Genest Saint Isle, France) were dosed p.o. with 10 mg/kg BF2.649 after overnight fasting. At times of 0.5, 1.5, 3 and 8 hr post dose, 0.8-1.0 ml blood samples from each carbon dioxide-anaesthetized mouse were withdrawn by cardiac puncture using heparinized s ...
Role of Prefrontal and Parietal Cortices in Associative - ACT-R
... engaged by changes in problem representation. There is considerable evidence to support the assumption that the parietal region plays an important role in visual--spatial and verbal representations. It is engaged in verbal encoding (Davachi et al. 2001; Clark and Wagner 2003), mental rotation (Alivi ...
... engaged by changes in problem representation. There is considerable evidence to support the assumption that the parietal region plays an important role in visual--spatial and verbal representations. It is engaged in verbal encoding (Davachi et al. 2001; Clark and Wagner 2003), mental rotation (Alivi ...
Development - Publications Repository
... On the one hand, it has been suggested that NRP1 is not expressed in mouse neural crest cells and that SEMA3A is not expressed in a pattern consistent with a role in neural crest cell migration (Kuan et al., 2004). On the other hand, it has been shown that antibodies specific for NRP1 recognise mous ...
... On the one hand, it has been suggested that NRP1 is not expressed in mouse neural crest cells and that SEMA3A is not expressed in a pattern consistent with a role in neural crest cell migration (Kuan et al., 2004). On the other hand, it has been shown that antibodies specific for NRP1 recognise mous ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.