Similarities between Severe Tinnitus and Chronic Pain
... Figure 1 Hypotheses of how changes in the wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons in the spinal horn can lead to chronic pain . A, Normal innervation ofWDR neurons. Large circles : sensory transmission, small open circles with + signs: facilitatory interneurons, filled circles and - signs: inhibitory inter ...
... Figure 1 Hypotheses of how changes in the wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons in the spinal horn can lead to chronic pain . A, Normal innervation ofWDR neurons. Large circles : sensory transmission, small open circles with + signs: facilitatory interneurons, filled circles and - signs: inhibitory inter ...
1 - Libreria Universo
... activate G-protein coupled receptors that initiate a cascade leading to the increased production of inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol. In turn, these substances lead to an increase in intracellular [Ca2+] via releasing intracellular stores or opening cell membrane channels to allow influx of ...
... activate G-protein coupled receptors that initiate a cascade leading to the increased production of inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol. In turn, these substances lead to an increase in intracellular [Ca2+] via releasing intracellular stores or opening cell membrane channels to allow influx of ...
Color responses of the human lateral geniculate nucleus: selective
... L-, M- and S-cone types normalized with respect to the white background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stimuli (RG, BY and Ach) were determined within this space to isolate each ...
... L-, M- and S-cone types normalized with respect to the white background (i.e. cone contrast). Stimulus chromaticity is given by the vector direction and contrast by vector length within the cone contrast space. Three cardinal stimuli (RG, BY and Ach) were determined within this space to isolate each ...
Experience-Dependent Sharpening of Visual Shape Selectivity in
... while monkeys viewed the trained stimuli in addition to imageplane rotated versions of those stimuli. We found that, concomitant with the monkeys’ behavioral performance, neuronal stimulus selectivity was stronger for stimuli presented at the trained orientation than for rotated versions of the same ...
... while monkeys viewed the trained stimuli in addition to imageplane rotated versions of those stimuli. We found that, concomitant with the monkeys’ behavioral performance, neuronal stimulus selectivity was stronger for stimuli presented at the trained orientation than for rotated versions of the same ...
Frontiers in Zoology - Deep Metazoan Phylogeny
... is potentially artifactual, and are unaware of any morphological synapomorphies shared exclusively by chaetognaths and either nematodes or nematomorphs." They conclude: "Given that chaetognaths have other bilaterian plesiomorphies not found in other ecdysozoans, we suggest that they are more likely ...
... is potentially artifactual, and are unaware of any morphological synapomorphies shared exclusively by chaetognaths and either nematodes or nematomorphs." They conclude: "Given that chaetognaths have other bilaterian plesiomorphies not found in other ecdysozoans, we suggest that they are more likely ...
chapt13_lecture
... – respiratory paralysis, loss of sensation or motor control – disorders of bladder, bowel and sexual function ...
... – respiratory paralysis, loss of sensation or motor control – disorders of bladder, bowel and sexual function ...
No Slide Title
... – respiratory paralysis, loss of sensation or motor control – disorders of bladder, bowel and sexual function ...
... – respiratory paralysis, loss of sensation or motor control – disorders of bladder, bowel and sexual function ...
Review Article Regeneration of Zebrafish CNS
... incompetent models were directed towards understanding (a) the manner in which cells are affected or lost (white matter versus grey matter tissue loss), (b) what would the physiological consequence(s) be, and (c) how to relate the functional loss and outcome of a particular injury. A variety of lesi ...
... incompetent models were directed towards understanding (a) the manner in which cells are affected or lost (white matter versus grey matter tissue loss), (b) what would the physiological consequence(s) be, and (c) how to relate the functional loss and outcome of a particular injury. A variety of lesi ...
REGENERATION OF AN IDENTIFIED CENTRAL NEURON IN THE
... framework, a mature, fully developed neuron is challenged by partial removal of a specific morphological compartment, namely, its axon. To restore its fully differentiated state, an injured neuron must specifically initiate axonal growth while retaining the mature properties of the undamaged dendrit ...
... framework, a mature, fully developed neuron is challenged by partial removal of a specific morphological compartment, namely, its axon. To restore its fully differentiated state, an injured neuron must specifically initiate axonal growth while retaining the mature properties of the undamaged dendrit ...
Neural Basis of Brain Dysfunction Produced by Early Sleep Problems
... Abstract: There is a wealth of evidence that disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms, which are common in modern society even during the early stages of life, have unfavorable effects on brain function. Altered brain function can cause problem behaviors later in life, such as truancy from or dropping ...
... Abstract: There is a wealth of evidence that disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms, which are common in modern society even during the early stages of life, have unfavorable effects on brain function. Altered brain function can cause problem behaviors later in life, such as truancy from or dropping ...
Glossary of Olfactory Terms
... are anosmic to isovaleric acid—a relatively small percentage compared to those to isobutyraldehyde and androstenone. It, however, was the first reported form of specific anosmia. ...
... are anosmic to isovaleric acid—a relatively small percentage compared to those to isobutyraldehyde and androstenone. It, however, was the first reported form of specific anosmia. ...
The subfornical organ: A central nervous system site for actions of
... Physiol 296: R512–R520, 2009. First published November 21, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90858.2008.—Adipose tissue plays a critical role in energy homeostasis, secreting adipokines that control feeding, thermogenesis, and neuroendocrine function. Leptin is the prototypic adipokine that acts centrally t ...
... Physiol 296: R512–R520, 2009. First published November 21, 2008; doi:10.1152/ajpregu.90858.2008.—Adipose tissue plays a critical role in energy homeostasis, secreting adipokines that control feeding, thermogenesis, and neuroendocrine function. Leptin is the prototypic adipokine that acts centrally t ...
Intracellular Features Predicted by Extracellular
... FIG. 1. Simultaneous intracellular and extracellular recording from a CA1 pyramidal cell. A: montage of the dorsal hippocampal area CA1 and overlying cortex showing the placement of electrodes from a successful simultaneous recording. The tetrode tip was placed in the CA1 pyramidal layer. A sharp gl ...
... FIG. 1. Simultaneous intracellular and extracellular recording from a CA1 pyramidal cell. A: montage of the dorsal hippocampal area CA1 and overlying cortex showing the placement of electrodes from a successful simultaneous recording. The tetrode tip was placed in the CA1 pyramidal layer. A sharp gl ...
Retinal projection to the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali
... was the retinal projection to LM, there were six injections in LM. In addition, there were two injections in nBOR, two in DLL, and one in TeO. Figure 1 shows photomicrographs of the LM injection site from case LM/ DLL. Two sections are shown, 160 lm apart. Figure 1A shows a higher magnification phot ...
... was the retinal projection to LM, there were six injections in LM. In addition, there were two injections in nBOR, two in DLL, and one in TeO. Figure 1 shows photomicrographs of the LM injection site from case LM/ DLL. Two sections are shown, 160 lm apart. Figure 1A shows a higher magnification phot ...
Get PDF - IOS Press
... such as c-Fos in the brain, and the viral transneuronal labeling using pseudorabies virus make it possible to analyze the neurocircuitry of the stress-related central autonomic nervous system. Limbic systems (amygdala, lateral septum, infralimbic, insular, ventromedial temporal cortical regions), an ...
... such as c-Fos in the brain, and the viral transneuronal labeling using pseudorabies virus make it possible to analyze the neurocircuitry of the stress-related central autonomic nervous system. Limbic systems (amygdala, lateral septum, infralimbic, insular, ventromedial temporal cortical regions), an ...
Aerobic Glycolysis in the Frontal Cortex Correlates with Memory
... Magistretti and Allaman, 2015). Aerobic glycolysis can be described as the reliance on glycolysis, even when oxygen is not rate-limiting, with the concomitant production of lactate as a by-product (Lunt and Vander Heiden, 2011). Emerging evidence suggests that lactate production and transport betwee ...
... Magistretti and Allaman, 2015). Aerobic glycolysis can be described as the reliance on glycolysis, even when oxygen is not rate-limiting, with the concomitant production of lactate as a by-product (Lunt and Vander Heiden, 2011). Emerging evidence suggests that lactate production and transport betwee ...
Neuropathological Alterations in Alzheimer Disease
... Congo Red. Dense-core plaques are typically surrounded by dystrophic neurites (neuritic plaques), reactive astrocytes and activated microglial cells, and associated with synaptic loss. A semiquantitative score of neuritic plaques is used for the pathological diagnosis of AD because their presence is ...
... Congo Red. Dense-core plaques are typically surrounded by dystrophic neurites (neuritic plaques), reactive astrocytes and activated microglial cells, and associated with synaptic loss. A semiquantitative score of neuritic plaques is used for the pathological diagnosis of AD because their presence is ...
Late-onset Parkinsonism in NFjB/c-Rel
... channel producing mild reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and neuroprotection (Echtay, 2007). Knocking down c-Rel expression with RNA interference suppresses the pro-survival effects of NFkB and increases neuronal susceptibility to brain ischaemia (Sarnico et al., 2009). This evidence, in ...
... channel producing mild reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential and neuroprotection (Echtay, 2007). Knocking down c-Rel expression with RNA interference suppresses the pro-survival effects of NFkB and increases neuronal susceptibility to brain ischaemia (Sarnico et al., 2009). This evidence, in ...
Neonatal Ethanol Exposure Impairs Trace Fear Conditioning and
... function—modeling the dysfunction seen in individuals diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. EtOH-exposed adult rats are impaired in auditory trace fear conditioning (TFC), a form of Pavlovian conditioning in which a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS; tone) is followed by an aversive uncond ...
... function—modeling the dysfunction seen in individuals diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. EtOH-exposed adult rats are impaired in auditory trace fear conditioning (TFC), a form of Pavlovian conditioning in which a neutral conditioned stimulus (CS; tone) is followed by an aversive uncond ...
PDF - Department of Molecular Biology
... Endophilin mutations altering membrane tubulation activity produce corresponding defects in SV endocytosis in vivo, consistent with the membrane-bending model. These results also suggest that decreased and increased membrane-bending activity are both detrimental to SV endocytosis. Specificity of the ...
... Endophilin mutations altering membrane tubulation activity produce corresponding defects in SV endocytosis in vivo, consistent with the membrane-bending model. These results also suggest that decreased and increased membrane-bending activity are both detrimental to SV endocytosis. Specificity of the ...
Presynaptic Inhibition of Exteroceptive Afferents by Proprioceptive
... modified within the terminals of the sensory neurons themselves,by meansof presynaptic inhibition. Presynaptic inhibition alters the ability of an action potential to causetransmitter releaseand, in both vertebrates and invertebrates, may result from the activation of other sensory afferents in the ...
... modified within the terminals of the sensory neurons themselves,by meansof presynaptic inhibition. Presynaptic inhibition alters the ability of an action potential to causetransmitter releaseand, in both vertebrates and invertebrates, may result from the activation of other sensory afferents in the ...
Neuro Objectives 22 - U
... Medial longitudinal fasciculus: medial throughout brainstem, ventral to the ventricular system Oculomotor nuclei: rostral midbrain, medial, multiple nuclei ventral to periaqueductal gray Trochlear nuclei: caudal midbrain, medial, dorsal to MLF, only cranial nerve that leaves both dorsally and crosse ...
... Medial longitudinal fasciculus: medial throughout brainstem, ventral to the ventricular system Oculomotor nuclei: rostral midbrain, medial, multiple nuclei ventral to periaqueductal gray Trochlear nuclei: caudal midbrain, medial, dorsal to MLF, only cranial nerve that leaves both dorsally and crosse ...
The Effects of Short-term and Long-term Learning on the Responses
... Abstract ■ The lateral intraparietal area (LIP) is thought to play an ...
... Abstract ■ The lateral intraparietal area (LIP) is thought to play an ...
FREE Sample Here
... A) Neural communication occurs every time an individual moves or has a thought. B) The synapse is the site where the pre-synaptic neuron communicates with the post-synaptic neuron. Incorrect. The neuron before the synapse is called pre-synaptic and the neuron after the synapse is called post-synapti ...
... A) Neural communication occurs every time an individual moves or has a thought. B) The synapse is the site where the pre-synaptic neuron communicates with the post-synaptic neuron. Incorrect. The neuron before the synapse is called pre-synaptic and the neuron after the synapse is called post-synapti ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.