Differential GABAB Receptor Modulation of Ethanol Effects on
... Activation of GABAA receptors in the septohippocampal pathway has also been shown to potentiate behavioral effects of several anesthetics (Ma et al., 2002) as well as ethanol (Mihic et al., 1997). Electrophysiological studies have shown that GABAA IPSCs evoked in the CA1 hippocampal stratum pyramida ...
... Activation of GABAA receptors in the septohippocampal pathway has also been shown to potentiate behavioral effects of several anesthetics (Ma et al., 2002) as well as ethanol (Mihic et al., 1997). Electrophysiological studies have shown that GABAA IPSCs evoked in the CA1 hippocampal stratum pyramida ...
Time-Dependent Activation of Feed-Forward Inhibition in
... ACTIVATION OF FEED-FORWARD INHIBITION DURING LOOMING ...
... ACTIVATION OF FEED-FORWARD INHIBITION DURING LOOMING ...
University of Groningen The hearing brain in males and
... The cochlea is tonotopically organized, which means that each frequency component of a sound stimulates a distinct region of the cochlea. The nerve fibers throughout the auditory system are organized in a systematic way that preserves the tonotopy (Brawer et al., 1974). Axons from the dorsal cochlea ...
... The cochlea is tonotopically organized, which means that each frequency component of a sound stimulates a distinct region of the cochlea. The nerve fibers throughout the auditory system are organized in a systematic way that preserves the tonotopy (Brawer et al., 1974). Axons from the dorsal cochlea ...
Separating value from choice: delay discounting activity in the lateral
... The mathematical formulations used to study the neurophysiological signals governing choice behavior fall under one of two major theoretical frameworks: “choice probability” or “subjective value.” These two formulations represent behavioral quantities closely tied to the decision process, but it is ...
... The mathematical formulations used to study the neurophysiological signals governing choice behavior fall under one of two major theoretical frameworks: “choice probability” or “subjective value.” These two formulations represent behavioral quantities closely tied to the decision process, but it is ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... From the time of Golgi and Cajal, dendritic development has been studied by observing neuronal morphology in fixed tissue at particular developmental stages. These studies concluded that dendrites grow through a steady process of extension and branching. In general, outgrowth of dendrites often occu ...
... From the time of Golgi and Cajal, dendritic development has been studied by observing neuronal morphology in fixed tissue at particular developmental stages. These studies concluded that dendrites grow through a steady process of extension and branching. In general, outgrowth of dendrites often occu ...
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN ADULT MAMMALIAN SENSORY CORTEX
... raccoons following single-digit amputation. In synaptoneurosomes prepared from deafferented cortex, we observe a significant increase in AMPARs, but no change in NMDARs, 1-9 days post-deafferentation, coincident with the appearance of new excitatory inputs and enlarged RFs. We observe a significant ...
... raccoons following single-digit amputation. In synaptoneurosomes prepared from deafferented cortex, we observe a significant increase in AMPARs, but no change in NMDARs, 1-9 days post-deafferentation, coincident with the appearance of new excitatory inputs and enlarged RFs. We observe a significant ...
Taste, olfactory, and food reward value processing
... eating, and it is therefore important to understand the brain mechanisms involved in food reward, in order to understand the control of appetite and food intake. When the behavior is goaldirected, brain regions such as the cingulate cortex are likely to be engaged (see Fig. 1). However, it is a usef ...
... eating, and it is therefore important to understand the brain mechanisms involved in food reward, in order to understand the control of appetite and food intake. When the behavior is goaldirected, brain regions such as the cingulate cortex are likely to be engaged (see Fig. 1). However, it is a usef ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Reduces Amyloidogenic
... replicate Western blots revealed a statistical significant reduction in relative receptor levels from 100 ⫾ 26.1% in wild types (n ⫽ 4) to 56.0 ⫾ 21.6% in HT mice (n ⫽ 5; p ⬍ 0.05, Student’s t test). Again, a correlation with BDNF levels was specific for SORLA and not seen for sortilin or synaptophy ...
... replicate Western blots revealed a statistical significant reduction in relative receptor levels from 100 ⫾ 26.1% in wild types (n ⫽ 4) to 56.0 ⫾ 21.6% in HT mice (n ⫽ 5; p ⬍ 0.05, Student’s t test). Again, a correlation with BDNF levels was specific for SORLA and not seen for sortilin or synaptophy ...
Modulation of premotor circuits controlling locomotor activity by
... Locomotion is one of the most vivid expressions of the central nervous system in action. Looking at people walking in the street or the ballet dancer on the stage, motion seems effortless to the point that many movements are almost executed unconsciously. Indeed, the generation of sophisticated moto ...
... Locomotion is one of the most vivid expressions of the central nervous system in action. Looking at people walking in the street or the ballet dancer on the stage, motion seems effortless to the point that many movements are almost executed unconsciously. Indeed, the generation of sophisticated moto ...
The Spinal Nerve
... 13-8 The Brain Can Alter Spinal Reflexes Integration and Control of Spinal Reflexes Reflex behaviors are automatic But processing centers in brain can facilitate or inhibit reflex motor patterns based in spinal cord Voluntary Movements and Reflex Motor Patterns Higher centers of brain incorporate l ...
... 13-8 The Brain Can Alter Spinal Reflexes Integration and Control of Spinal Reflexes Reflex behaviors are automatic But processing centers in brain can facilitate or inhibit reflex motor patterns based in spinal cord Voluntary Movements and Reflex Motor Patterns Higher centers of brain incorporate l ...
Tese final so frentes - Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
... failure. The etiology of most ALS cases remains unknown but there is a current consensus that motor neuron degeneration is caused by a complex interaction between multiple pathogenic processes. The mechanisms of motor neuron degeneration are best understood in the subtype of disease caused by mutati ...
... failure. The etiology of most ALS cases remains unknown but there is a current consensus that motor neuron degeneration is caused by a complex interaction between multiple pathogenic processes. The mechanisms of motor neuron degeneration are best understood in the subtype of disease caused by mutati ...
Neural Tissue
... Most are located in the brain and spinal cord Responsible for the distribution of sensory information and the coordination of motor ...
... Most are located in the brain and spinal cord Responsible for the distribution of sensory information and the coordination of motor ...
uncorrected page page page proofs
... of minutes, if you turned the brain upside down, you would see a flattened bit left in the tissue from the weight of the brain resting in your hands. This would give you an idea of how delicate it is. To protect and keep this fragile organ in place, the brain is covered by three transparent, ‘skin-l ...
... of minutes, if you turned the brain upside down, you would see a flattened bit left in the tissue from the weight of the brain resting in your hands. This would give you an idea of how delicate it is. To protect and keep this fragile organ in place, the brain is covered by three transparent, ‘skin-l ...
How Acupuncture works - Chinese Acupuncture Associates on the
... As lateral spinothalamic tract to convey pain or temperature from body to the brain [6]. The larger δ A-type neural fibers transmit acute pain and smaller C-type fibers Transmit chronic pain. The first-order pseudo-unipolar neuron embeds its body in dorsal root ganglia and extends its efferent branc ...
... As lateral spinothalamic tract to convey pain or temperature from body to the brain [6]. The larger δ A-type neural fibers transmit acute pain and smaller C-type fibers Transmit chronic pain. The first-order pseudo-unipolar neuron embeds its body in dorsal root ganglia and extends its efferent branc ...
Functionally Independent Columns of Rat Somatosensory Barrel
... Figure 1. Experimental setup for simultaneous whole-cell and voltage-sensitive dye recording. A, Bright-field image of somatosensory barrel cortex from a slice stained with RH155. Dark regions correspond to the layer 4 barrels, which are outlined in cyan. Two whole-cell recording pipettes are visibl ...
... Figure 1. Experimental setup for simultaneous whole-cell and voltage-sensitive dye recording. A, Bright-field image of somatosensory barrel cortex from a slice stained with RH155. Dark regions correspond to the layer 4 barrels, which are outlined in cyan. Two whole-cell recording pipettes are visibl ...
Dendritic RNA Transport: Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Control of Neuronal Gene Expression
... Dendrites, are master integrators of information flow ...
... Dendrites, are master integrators of information flow ...
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Michael T. Treadway , David H. Zald
... for elucidating the neurobiological pathways involved. For example, under the DSM-IV definition of Major Depressive Episode, which requires the presence of 5 out of 9 possible symptoms, it is possible for two individuals to both be diagnosed with major depression while only sharing a single symptom o ...
... for elucidating the neurobiological pathways involved. For example, under the DSM-IV definition of Major Depressive Episode, which requires the presence of 5 out of 9 possible symptoms, it is possible for two individuals to both be diagnosed with major depression while only sharing a single symptom o ...
Reconsidering anhedonia in depression
... for elucidating the neurobiological pathways involved. For example, under the DSM-IV definition of Major Depressive Episode, which requires the presence of 5 out of 9 possible symptoms, it is possible for two individuals to both be diagnosed with major depression while only sharing a single symptom o ...
... for elucidating the neurobiological pathways involved. For example, under the DSM-IV definition of Major Depressive Episode, which requires the presence of 5 out of 9 possible symptoms, it is possible for two individuals to both be diagnosed with major depression while only sharing a single symptom o ...
Encoding of target direction and speed during visual instruction and
... pro®le of the neuronal ®ring from the faster speeds (3, 4 and 5 cm/s) to the same number of 20-ms bins as the slowest target (2 cm/s). This was accomplished by ®tting a cubic spline to the ®ring pro®le of the faster three speeds and interpolating to 250 bins, the same number of bins in a 2-cm/s tria ...
... pro®le of the neuronal ®ring from the faster speeds (3, 4 and 5 cm/s) to the same number of 20-ms bins as the slowest target (2 cm/s). This was accomplished by ®tting a cubic spline to the ®ring pro®le of the faster three speeds and interpolating to 250 bins, the same number of bins in a 2-cm/s tria ...
Neuron 2013 Bartolini
... In the forebrain, cortical structures consist of networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons born in distant locations. Understanding how these two major classes of neurons integrate into unique functional cell assemblies may shed light on the organization of cortical circuits. In this review, we ...
... In the forebrain, cortical structures consist of networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons born in distant locations. Understanding how these two major classes of neurons integrate into unique functional cell assemblies may shed light on the organization of cortical circuits. In this review, we ...
Central Nervous System
... Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2005, Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. ...
... Copyright (c) 2008, 2005 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2005, Elsevier, Inc. All rights reserved. ...
Eyeblink Conditioning During an Interstimulus Interval Switch in
... (Woodruff-Pak, Seta, Roker, & Lehr, 2007) and developing rats (Brown, Pagani, & Stanton, 2006) suggests this is so. Because higher doses of picrotoxin appear to block initial acquisition (Bao et al., 2002), we decided to use a lower dose that has a demonstrated efficacy in unmasking short-latency re ...
... (Woodruff-Pak, Seta, Roker, & Lehr, 2007) and developing rats (Brown, Pagani, & Stanton, 2006) suggests this is so. Because higher doses of picrotoxin appear to block initial acquisition (Bao et al., 2002), we decided to use a lower dose that has a demonstrated efficacy in unmasking short-latency re ...
06-pons + midbrain
... -it has ascending fibres to cerebellum, thalamus,hypothalamus, limbic system and cerebral cortex. -its descending fibres project to brain stem & spinal cord. -involved in neural mechanisms regulating sleep, particularly REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. ...
... -it has ascending fibres to cerebellum, thalamus,hypothalamus, limbic system and cerebral cortex. -its descending fibres project to brain stem & spinal cord. -involved in neural mechanisms regulating sleep, particularly REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. ...
Persistent perceptual delay for head movement onset
... surprising because of the fast transduction latencies of the vestibular afferents. In addition, people do not perceive each of the individual senses separately, as one would expect with such a large discrepancy in RT. A possible explanation to this could be that there is a neural mechanism that sync ...
... surprising because of the fast transduction latencies of the vestibular afferents. In addition, people do not perceive each of the individual senses separately, as one would expect with such a large discrepancy in RT. A possible explanation to this could be that there is a neural mechanism that sync ...
The Cytoarchitectonic Map of Constantin von Economo and Georg N
... the human cerebral mantle. They defined five structural cortical types (agranular, frontal, parietal, polar, and granulous) and 107 cytoarchitectonic area modifications (35 frontal, 13 limbic, 6 insular, 18 parietal, 7 occipital, 14 temporal, and 14 hippocampal). Their numerous discoveries include t ...
... the human cerebral mantle. They defined five structural cortical types (agranular, frontal, parietal, polar, and granulous) and 107 cytoarchitectonic area modifications (35 frontal, 13 limbic, 6 insular, 18 parietal, 7 occipital, 14 temporal, and 14 hippocampal). Their numerous discoveries include t ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.