L22_GlngBox
... • Pyruvate Glucose • Requires three irreversible steps of glycolysis to be bypassed – Glucose ‘trapping’ • The first step in glycolysis ...
... • Pyruvate Glucose • Requires three irreversible steps of glycolysis to be bypassed – Glucose ‘trapping’ • The first step in glycolysis ...
Respiration and Fermentation
... d. NADH e. pyruvic acid 14. When a molecule of glucose is completely broken down in a cell to water and carbon dioxide, some ATP molecules are synthesized directly and some by chemiosmotic phosphorylation via the electron transport system. What approximate percentage of the total number of ATP molec ...
... d. NADH e. pyruvic acid 14. When a molecule of glucose is completely broken down in a cell to water and carbon dioxide, some ATP molecules are synthesized directly and some by chemiosmotic phosphorylation via the electron transport system. What approximate percentage of the total number of ATP molec ...
cell resp
... 32. 32 ATP can be formed through substrate-level phosphorylation and this process requires A) an input of energy B) a high-energy phosphate group that is transferred directly to ADP C) a concentration gradient of protons D) the protein ATPsynthase E) all of the above 33. 33 Proteins and fats can be ...
... 32. 32 ATP can be formed through substrate-level phosphorylation and this process requires A) an input of energy B) a high-energy phosphate group that is transferred directly to ADP C) a concentration gradient of protons D) the protein ATPsynthase E) all of the above 33. 33 Proteins and fats can be ...
metabolism and function of carbohydrates
... 4. Describe reactions of glycolysis, going with the АТP consumption. 5. Describe reactions of glycolysis which go with energy release. What is mechanism of ATP phosphorylation? 6. Name the key enzyme of glycolysis and the mechanism of its regulation. 7. What is glycolytic oxidoreduction. Write down ...
... 4. Describe reactions of glycolysis, going with the АТP consumption. 5. Describe reactions of glycolysis which go with energy release. What is mechanism of ATP phosphorylation? 6. Name the key enzyme of glycolysis and the mechanism of its regulation. 7. What is glycolytic oxidoreduction. Write down ...
Bchm2000_P5 - U of L Class Index
... (7) Fill in the blanks in the following statements regarding glycolysis. (a) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, a six carbon sugar is split into two three carbon sugars by the enzyme ____________________. (b) Enzymes that generate reduced electron carriers (ie. NADH) are called ____________________. (c) Eac ...
... (7) Fill in the blanks in the following statements regarding glycolysis. (a) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, a six carbon sugar is split into two three carbon sugars by the enzyme ____________________. (b) Enzymes that generate reduced electron carriers (ie. NADH) are called ____________________. (c) Eac ...
Biochemistry 2000 Sample Questions 4 RNA, Lipids, Membranes 1
... (7) Fill in the blanks in the following statements regarding glycolysis. (a) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, a six carbon sugar is split into two three carbon sugars by the enzyme ____________________. (b) Enzymes that generate reduced electron carriers (ie. NADH) are called ____________________. (c) Eac ...
... (7) Fill in the blanks in the following statements regarding glycolysis. (a) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, a six carbon sugar is split into two three carbon sugars by the enzyme ____________________. (b) Enzymes that generate reduced electron carriers (ie. NADH) are called ____________________. (c) Eac ...
Energy Metabolism
... energy and nutrients into form that cells can use Maintenance – repairing i i body b d parts and keeping organs functioning ...
... energy and nutrients into form that cells can use Maintenance – repairing i i body b d parts and keeping organs functioning ...
Chapter 21 Biosynthetic Pathways
... Introduction In most living organisms, the pathways by which a compound is synthesized are usually different from the pathways by which it is degraded; two reasons are 1. Flexibility: If a normal biosynthetic pathway is blocked, the organism can often use the reverse of the degradation pathway for ...
... Introduction In most living organisms, the pathways by which a compound is synthesized are usually different from the pathways by which it is degraded; two reasons are 1. Flexibility: If a normal biosynthetic pathway is blocked, the organism can often use the reverse of the degradation pathway for ...
Intro. To Cellular Respiration and Redox
... Reducing agent is oxidized (causes the other reactant to be reduced) Oxidizing agent is reduced (causes the other reactant to be oxidized) ...
... Reducing agent is oxidized (causes the other reactant to be reduced) Oxidizing agent is reduced (causes the other reactant to be oxidized) ...
Photosynthesis - Crestwood Local Schools
... Energy that was made in photosynthesis can be used in cellular respiration by stripping the e- from the molecules built in photosynthesis. The e- have extra energy from the photon that hit it. Has 2 stages: 1. Glucose converted to pyruvate - produces small amount of ATP *occurs in the cytosol 2. O2 ...
... Energy that was made in photosynthesis can be used in cellular respiration by stripping the e- from the molecules built in photosynthesis. The e- have extra energy from the photon that hit it. Has 2 stages: 1. Glucose converted to pyruvate - produces small amount of ATP *occurs in the cytosol 2. O2 ...
Unit 04 Enzymes and respiration Review
... 4. Enzymes are a type of _______________________. The characteristics of enzymes are that they can __________________________________, are a ______________________ fit to their substrate referred to as the __________________________ complex, they can be altered by ___________ or _____________, and a ...
... 4. Enzymes are a type of _______________________. The characteristics of enzymes are that they can __________________________________, are a ______________________ fit to their substrate referred to as the __________________________ complex, they can be altered by ___________ or _____________, and a ...
1 Metabolism Metabolic pathways
... Can be run backward, called gluconeogenesis, using different enzymes for irreversible steps. – Direction is regulated by phosphofructokinase versus fructose1,6-bisphosphatase (which reverses it). Don't want both, since that would produce energy consuming futile cycles! ...
... Can be run backward, called gluconeogenesis, using different enzymes for irreversible steps. – Direction is regulated by phosphofructokinase versus fructose1,6-bisphosphatase (which reverses it). Don't want both, since that would produce energy consuming futile cycles! ...
Biochemistry: A Short Course
... Phosphoglucose Isomerase (PGI) G6P Conversion via Acid-Base Catalysis Base catalyzes ring closure ...
... Phosphoglucose Isomerase (PGI) G6P Conversion via Acid-Base Catalysis Base catalyzes ring closure ...
Outline06 Metabolism - Napa Valley College
... - pyruvate is the branch point between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of glucose Aerobic metabolism - pyruvate goes to Transition Step and Citric Acid Cycle in the mitochondria - NADH donates electrons to the Electron Transport Chain yield: 2 ATP + 2 NADH per glucose product (intermediate): 2 pyru ...
... - pyruvate is the branch point between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of glucose Aerobic metabolism - pyruvate goes to Transition Step and Citric Acid Cycle in the mitochondria - NADH donates electrons to the Electron Transport Chain yield: 2 ATP + 2 NADH per glucose product (intermediate): 2 pyru ...
with O 2 - Pedersen Science
... • The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds ...
... • The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds ...
CellEnergyReview 2015
... • The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds ...
... • The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds ...
Midterm Final Review
... • The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds ...
... • The active site is the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds ...
Cellular Respiration Guided Reading Notes Section 7
... 6. If there is no oxygen in cells, the products of glycolysis enter ________________________ pathways that yield no additional ______________________. 7. Fermentation is __________________________ because no oxygen is used. 8. If oxygen is present in cells, the glycolysis products enter the ________ ...
... 6. If there is no oxygen in cells, the products of glycolysis enter ________________________ pathways that yield no additional ______________________. 7. Fermentation is __________________________ because no oxygen is used. 8. If oxygen is present in cells, the glycolysis products enter the ________ ...
Short Answer Questions: a workshop
... Lactic acid is a product of anaerobic respiration. This occurs when oxygen is starved. Glycolysis of glucose to pyruvate produces a net gain of 2 ATP. Also, in glycolysis, NAD is reduced to form NADH. The conversion of pyruvate produces NAD+ from NADH so NAD+ can be recycled. ATP is an energy interm ...
... Lactic acid is a product of anaerobic respiration. This occurs when oxygen is starved. Glycolysis of glucose to pyruvate produces a net gain of 2 ATP. Also, in glycolysis, NAD is reduced to form NADH. The conversion of pyruvate produces NAD+ from NADH so NAD+ can be recycled. ATP is an energy interm ...
Ch. 7 Cellular Respiration
... 2. The 6 carbon molecule that is formed is split into two three carbon molecules of PGAL. The 2 PGAL molecules are oxidized (each loses an electron) These electrons combine with NAD+ to form a new high energy compound called NADH (similar to NADP+) 3. The 4 phosphate groups that were added are now r ...
... 2. The 6 carbon molecule that is formed is split into two three carbon molecules of PGAL. The 2 PGAL molecules are oxidized (each loses an electron) These electrons combine with NAD+ to form a new high energy compound called NADH (similar to NADP+) 3. The 4 phosphate groups that were added are now r ...
Lecture 26 - Glycolysis 2
... Two Major Roles of Glucokinase Role in liver cells When blood glucose levels are high, both hexokinase I and glucokinase are active in liver cells, whereas, other tissues only have hexokinase 1 and their ability to take up glucose after a meal is unchanged. Since phosphorylation traps glucose insid ...
... Two Major Roles of Glucokinase Role in liver cells When blood glucose levels are high, both hexokinase I and glucokinase are active in liver cells, whereas, other tissues only have hexokinase 1 and their ability to take up glucose after a meal is unchanged. Since phosphorylation traps glucose insid ...
GOALS FOR LECTURE 7:
... The new hydroxyl group on carbon 1 is phosphorylated by ATP. This is the second energy-consuming step, and is the rate-limiting step in glycolysis. Regulation of the enzyme responsible, phosphofructokinase, is the most important control point. The reaction is similar to the hexokinase reaction in st ...
... The new hydroxyl group on carbon 1 is phosphorylated by ATP. This is the second energy-consuming step, and is the rate-limiting step in glycolysis. Regulation of the enzyme responsible, phosphofructokinase, is the most important control point. The reaction is similar to the hexokinase reaction in st ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑