Recap: structure of ATP
... • During respiration, hydrogen atoms are removed from substrate molecules in oxidation reactions. • This is catalysed by dehydrogenase enzymes • Co-enzymes are required to activate the oxidation reactions in respiration – Hydrogen atoms becomes attached to co enzymes e.g. NAD ...
... • During respiration, hydrogen atoms are removed from substrate molecules in oxidation reactions. • This is catalysed by dehydrogenase enzymes • Co-enzymes are required to activate the oxidation reactions in respiration – Hydrogen atoms becomes attached to co enzymes e.g. NAD ...
chapter 11 - rci.rutgers.edu
... mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cells – whereas glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. The immediate products of the CAC are reduced cofactors (NADH and FADH2) which then feed electrons into oxidative phosphorylation, yielding much ATP. The CAC is connected with glycolysis via the Pyruvate DH Comple ...
... mitochondrial matrix of eukaryotic cells – whereas glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. The immediate products of the CAC are reduced cofactors (NADH and FADH2) which then feed electrons into oxidative phosphorylation, yielding much ATP. The CAC is connected with glycolysis via the Pyruvate DH Comple ...
Slide 1 - MisterSyracuse.com
... 31. The steps of mitosis are much like a well-choreographed dance; they must go in just the right order, or the whole thing falls apart. Most of the time, mitosis goes very smoothly. However, mistakes can be made. One such mistake has been recently reported in a paper from 2005. The scientists who d ...
... 31. The steps of mitosis are much like a well-choreographed dance; they must go in just the right order, or the whole thing falls apart. Most of the time, mitosis goes very smoothly. However, mistakes can be made. One such mistake has been recently reported in a paper from 2005. The scientists who d ...
Cellular Respiration
... of the cell and it has three parts associated with it: Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain. ...
... of the cell and it has three parts associated with it: Glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the Electron Transport Chain. ...
Pyruvate Glucose - School of Medicine
... produced in the lactate DH reaction. Thus, redox balance is maintained. The NADH that is produced in the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate reaction is consumed in the lactate DH reaction. Thus, redox balance is maintained. Glucose + 2 Pi +2 ADP → 2 lactate + 2 ATP + 2 H2O ...
... produced in the lactate DH reaction. Thus, redox balance is maintained. The NADH that is produced in the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate reaction is consumed in the lactate DH reaction. Thus, redox balance is maintained. Glucose + 2 Pi +2 ADP → 2 lactate + 2 ATP + 2 H2O ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... Metabolism of Glucose 1. Here we focus on discussing the metabolism of glucose. For the metabolism of other organic compounds (eg. Proteins or lipids), please refer to a textbook of Biochemistry. 2. Bacteria can produce energy from glucose by fermentation (w/o O2), anaerobic reaction (w/o O2), or a ...
... Metabolism of Glucose 1. Here we focus on discussing the metabolism of glucose. For the metabolism of other organic compounds (eg. Proteins or lipids), please refer to a textbook of Biochemistry. 2. Bacteria can produce energy from glucose by fermentation (w/o O2), anaerobic reaction (w/o O2), or a ...
Chapter 8 Notes – Energy and Metabolism
... ____________________ is achieved by a rotary motor driven by a _____________________. ...
... ____________________ is achieved by a rotary motor driven by a _____________________. ...
pptx
... Reaction 2: The carbons are transferred to lipoamide in a redox rxn (in E1’s active site) Hydroxyethyl-TPP·E1 ...
... Reaction 2: The carbons are transferred to lipoamide in a redox rxn (in E1’s active site) Hydroxyethyl-TPP·E1 ...
Starr/Taggart PowerPoint
... Carbohydrates Production of ATP from metabolism Excess stored as glycogen in liver and muscle cells ...
... Carbohydrates Production of ATP from metabolism Excess stored as glycogen in liver and muscle cells ...
Chapter 5 Quiz: Cellular respiration and fermentation Mark your
... It enables the electron transport chain to continue functioning in the absence of oxygen. ...
... It enables the electron transport chain to continue functioning in the absence of oxygen. ...
Table S1. - BioMed Central
... Key enzyme of the glycolysis; HK 2 is involved in increased utilization of glucose by cancer cells; target of new antineoplastic pharmacologic agents [35, 36]. Key enzyme of the glycolysis; PFK-1 is inhibited by ATP and citrate (from the citric acid cycle) [127]. Executes the final step of aerobic g ...
... Key enzyme of the glycolysis; HK 2 is involved in increased utilization of glucose by cancer cells; target of new antineoplastic pharmacologic agents [35, 36]. Key enzyme of the glycolysis; PFK-1 is inhibited by ATP and citrate (from the citric acid cycle) [127]. Executes the final step of aerobic g ...
Respiration Cellular respiration Redox Various Ways of Harvesting
... than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
... than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
Biobowl
... 39. The diffusion of protons through ATP synthases is known as 40. When pyruvate is oxidized to __________, this molecule enters the Kreb’s cycle. 41. As a result of electron transport in mitochondria, protons accumulate in the 42. When acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate, it forms 6-C __________ ...
... 39. The diffusion of protons through ATP synthases is known as 40. When pyruvate is oxidized to __________, this molecule enters the Kreb’s cycle. 41. As a result of electron transport in mitochondria, protons accumulate in the 42. When acetyl-CoA combines with oxaloacetate, it forms 6-C __________ ...
Cell respiration -2
... It is the main source for preparing most of the cellular NADH (storing energy molecule), and for producing some more of the cellular ATP. It includes two cycles : ...
... It is the main source for preparing most of the cellular NADH (storing energy molecule), and for producing some more of the cellular ATP. It includes two cycles : ...
Document
... How many ATP molecules are generated in glycolysis for each molecule of glucose consumed? 24) How many carbons are in a glucose molecule? How many carbons are in a pyruvic acid molecule? How many pyruvic acid molecules are produced for every glucose molecule metabolized?_ _ __ 25) The TCA cycle prod ...
... How many ATP molecules are generated in glycolysis for each molecule of glucose consumed? 24) How many carbons are in a glucose molecule? How many carbons are in a pyruvic acid molecule? How many pyruvic acid molecules are produced for every glucose molecule metabolized?_ _ __ 25) The TCA cycle prod ...
Review Packet CORRECT
... 11. What are the two main pathways that can be followed after glycolysis? What is the main difference between them? Aerobic – Uses O2 Anaerobic – Does not use O2 ...
... 11. What are the two main pathways that can be followed after glycolysis? What is the main difference between them? Aerobic – Uses O2 Anaerobic – Does not use O2 ...
A. glycolysis
... acceptors such as oxygen – the energy released from this process is used to turn ADP into ATP – use of an electron transport chain (chemiosmosis) 2. substrate level phosphorylation – addition of a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP – the phosphate group is donated by another compound ...
... acceptors such as oxygen – the energy released from this process is used to turn ADP into ATP – use of an electron transport chain (chemiosmosis) 2. substrate level phosphorylation – addition of a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP – the phosphate group is donated by another compound ...
Anabolism
... obtain energy by trapping light during photosynthesis or by oxidizing or reduced inorganic electron donors ...
... obtain energy by trapping light during photosynthesis or by oxidizing or reduced inorganic electron donors ...
2 ATP
... 2 Pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 Net ATP form Enough energy for many single-celled species Not enough energy for large organisms ...
... 2 Pyruvate, 2 NADH, 2 Net ATP form Enough energy for many single-celled species Not enough energy for large organisms ...
Week III Lecture I slides
... Processes of oxidation and reduction (redox reactions) • OXIDATION is the loss of electrons from a substance • REDUCTION is the addition of electrons to a substance ...
... Processes of oxidation and reduction (redox reactions) • OXIDATION is the loss of electrons from a substance • REDUCTION is the addition of electrons to a substance ...
Chapter 3 Notes
... - thylakoid membranes are stacked to increase surface area - chlorophyll is contained within the chloroplast The Light Reaction: see Figure 3.11 p. 89 Light energy enters the chloroplast (as it is translucent) and is absorbed by the chlorophyll contained within the thylakoid. The light causes water ...
... - thylakoid membranes are stacked to increase surface area - chlorophyll is contained within the chloroplast The Light Reaction: see Figure 3.11 p. 89 Light energy enters the chloroplast (as it is translucent) and is absorbed by the chlorophyll contained within the thylakoid. The light causes water ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑