Metabolic pathways are
... Anabolism [synthetic] – conversion of a small number of simple compounds to complex organic molecules, usually requiring energy. Simple + energy → complex. Expectations: Input and output of each pathway Overall energy and carbon flow Regulation. ...
... Anabolism [synthetic] – conversion of a small number of simple compounds to complex organic molecules, usually requiring energy. Simple + energy → complex. Expectations: Input and output of each pathway Overall energy and carbon flow Regulation. ...
SI Practice Exam / Review Sheet
... 10. During glycolysis in cellular respiration the molecule ___________ gets reduced while glucose is oxidized. 11. The process of glycolysis yields _______ net ATPs. 12. The delta G of digesting one mole of glucose is _____________ kcal/mol. 13. Coupled reactions make __________________ reactions po ...
... 10. During glycolysis in cellular respiration the molecule ___________ gets reduced while glucose is oxidized. 11. The process of glycolysis yields _______ net ATPs. 12. The delta G of digesting one mole of glucose is _____________ kcal/mol. 13. Coupled reactions make __________________ reactions po ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION
... PYRUVATE (3C) molecules The 6C glucose is phosphorylated then split into 2 triose phosphate molecules (3C) which are then oxidised further to produce the pyruvate, some ATP and reduced NAD NAD can be reduced to NADH - it accepts H+ and transports ions around the cell - the hydrogen can be transferre ...
... PYRUVATE (3C) molecules The 6C glucose is phosphorylated then split into 2 triose phosphate molecules (3C) which are then oxidised further to produce the pyruvate, some ATP and reduced NAD NAD can be reduced to NADH - it accepts H+ and transports ions around the cell - the hydrogen can be transferre ...
Review Problems for amino acids, carbohydrates, glycolysis and the
... is? (there are actually two major compounds formed, one of which you should know). 2- Is this compound an acid, or a base? 3- The normal end point of glycolysis is the formation of pyruvate. This is not the case under conditions of anaerobic exercise- why not? (Consider the various fates of pyruvate ...
... is? (there are actually two major compounds formed, one of which you should know). 2- Is this compound an acid, or a base? 3- The normal end point of glycolysis is the formation of pyruvate. This is not the case under conditions of anaerobic exercise- why not? (Consider the various fates of pyruvate ...
Test 2
... Stimulation of liver by the hormone glucagon results in several metabolic changes that lead to the increase in glucose synthesis and excretion by liver. One of these changes involves inhibition of glycolysis and stimulation of gluconeogenesis (i.e. the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to glucose). ...
... Stimulation of liver by the hormone glucagon results in several metabolic changes that lead to the increase in glucose synthesis and excretion by liver. One of these changes involves inhibition of glycolysis and stimulation of gluconeogenesis (i.e. the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to glucose). ...
Cellular Respiration Part V: Anaerobic Respiration and Fermentation
... • Obligate anaerobes carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of O2 • Yeast and many bacteria are facultative anaerobes, meaning that they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration • In a facultative anaerobe, pyruvate is a fork in the me ...
... • Obligate anaerobes carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of O2 • Yeast and many bacteria are facultative anaerobes, meaning that they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration • In a facultative anaerobe, pyruvate is a fork in the me ...
Review Problems for amino acids, carbohydrates, glycolysis and the
... is? (there are actually two major compounds formed, one of which you should know). 2- Is this compound an acid, or a base? 3- The normal end point of glycolysis is the formation of pyruvate. This is not the case under conditions of anaerobic exercise- why not? (Consider the various fates of pyruvate ...
... is? (there are actually two major compounds formed, one of which you should know). 2- Is this compound an acid, or a base? 3- The normal end point of glycolysis is the formation of pyruvate. This is not the case under conditions of anaerobic exercise- why not? (Consider the various fates of pyruvate ...
Practice Test Questions
... transported to the lung the matrix containing Krebs cycle enzymes is located the soluble electron transport enzymes are found ...
... transported to the lung the matrix containing Krebs cycle enzymes is located the soluble electron transport enzymes are found ...
Ch14
... 6. Pulse-Chase experiments have been crucial in figuring out metabolic pathways. This takes advantage of using radioactive molecules in which only one or particular atoms have been made radioactive and it is rather easy to measure these as they become transformed by metabolism. The beauty of it is t ...
... 6. Pulse-Chase experiments have been crucial in figuring out metabolic pathways. This takes advantage of using radioactive molecules in which only one or particular atoms have been made radioactive and it is rather easy to measure these as they become transformed by metabolism. The beauty of it is t ...
Second Half of Glycolysis
... order to keep this step going. If NAD+ is not available, the second half of glycolysis slows down or stops. If oxygen is available in the system, the NADH will be oxidized readily, though indirectly, and the high-energy electrons from the hydrogen released in this process will be used to produce ATP ...
... order to keep this step going. If NAD+ is not available, the second half of glycolysis slows down or stops. If oxygen is available in the system, the NADH will be oxidized readily, though indirectly, and the high-energy electrons from the hydrogen released in this process will be used to produce ATP ...
Catabolism
... microorganisms: 1. They are oxidized to release energy 2. They supply carbon or building blocks for the synthesis of new cell constituents. • Amphibolic pathways: function both catabolically and anabolically ...
... microorganisms: 1. They are oxidized to release energy 2. They supply carbon or building blocks for the synthesis of new cell constituents. • Amphibolic pathways: function both catabolically and anabolically ...
Aerobic respiration
... reactions to replenish intermediates in biosynthetic pathways……. These reactions are especially important during the lag phase to “prime the pump” ...
... reactions to replenish intermediates in biosynthetic pathways……. These reactions are especially important during the lag phase to “prime the pump” ...
Cellular Respiration Handout
... Glucose in the cytoplasm of the cell is broken down by the process of cellular respiration. The equation for this process is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 ◊ 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP An ATP molecule transfers it’s third phosphate group (and corresponding high energy electrons) to glucose to form glucose phosphate and A ...
... Glucose in the cytoplasm of the cell is broken down by the process of cellular respiration. The equation for this process is: C6H12O6 + 6O2 ◊ 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36 ATP An ATP molecule transfers it’s third phosphate group (and corresponding high energy electrons) to glucose to form glucose phosphate and A ...
Chapter 7 Cellular Respiration
... moving from molecule to molecule 3. energy from electrons pumps protons from the matrix building a concentration gradient between inner and outer membranes ...
... moving from molecule to molecule 3. energy from electrons pumps protons from the matrix building a concentration gradient between inner and outer membranes ...
Ch. 9 – Cellular Respiration Why does the energy stored in different
... In the ETC, the electron carriers, NADH and FADH2 that were produced in Glycolysis and Kreb’s are now going to drop off their high energy electrons and H+ ions onto the mitochondrial membrane. Once there, the energy of the electrons, with help from electron carrier proteins, will pump the H+ ions a ...
... In the ETC, the electron carriers, NADH and FADH2 that were produced in Glycolysis and Kreb’s are now going to drop off their high energy electrons and H+ ions onto the mitochondrial membrane. Once there, the energy of the electrons, with help from electron carrier proteins, will pump the H+ ions a ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Ch. 6 Cellular Respiration
... • To make its own proteins, or convert excess amino acids to other organic compounds such as pyruvic acid, Acetyl CoA or as an organic acid in the Krebs. ...
... • To make its own proteins, or convert excess amino acids to other organic compounds such as pyruvic acid, Acetyl CoA or as an organic acid in the Krebs. ...
Photosynthesis and Cell Respiration Test Review
... 14. What is the purpose of NADH and FADH2? carry electrons to oxidative phosphorylation stage 15. Which stage finishes breaking down sugar all the way to CO2? Kreb’s (we have taken all of the hydrogens off of glucose to make NADH and FADH2) 16. Which process occurs in ALL organisms (prokaryotic/euka ...
... 14. What is the purpose of NADH and FADH2? carry electrons to oxidative phosphorylation stage 15. Which stage finishes breaking down sugar all the way to CO2? Kreb’s (we have taken all of the hydrogens off of glucose to make NADH and FADH2) 16. Which process occurs in ALL organisms (prokaryotic/euka ...
Cellular Respiration - Mrs. Brenner`s Biology
... Lactic acid vs. Alcoholic Fermentation • Yeasts + other organisms • pyruvic acid +NADH alcohol + CO2 + NAD ...
... Lactic acid vs. Alcoholic Fermentation • Yeasts + other organisms • pyruvic acid +NADH alcohol + CO2 + NAD ...
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
... Which main pathway is utilized (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, beta oxidation) when first starting to work out? What macronutrient does this pathway use and what are the end ...
... Which main pathway is utilized (glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, beta oxidation) when first starting to work out? What macronutrient does this pathway use and what are the end ...
File - Mrs Jones A
... Animals store glucose as glycogen, and plants store it as starch Theoretical maximum energy yield for one mole of glucose is 2870 kJ It takes 30.6 kJ to produce 1 mol ATP Respiration of 1 mol glucose should produce nearly 94 mol ATP, but the actual yield is more like 30, as it has an efficiency of 3 ...
... Animals store glucose as glycogen, and plants store it as starch Theoretical maximum energy yield for one mole of glucose is 2870 kJ It takes 30.6 kJ to produce 1 mol ATP Respiration of 1 mol glucose should produce nearly 94 mol ATP, but the actual yield is more like 30, as it has an efficiency of 3 ...
Energy Releasing Pathway
... to the amount of yeast present. 4. In 1897 the Buchner brothers outlined the steps of glycolysis key to fermentation. 5. In the early 1900’s Szent-Györgyi designed Citric Acid Cycle, failed to show relationship to fermentation. 6. Krebs in 1938 linked glycolysis to citric Acid Cycle via enzyme CoA. ...
... to the amount of yeast present. 4. In 1897 the Buchner brothers outlined the steps of glycolysis key to fermentation. 5. In the early 1900’s Szent-Györgyi designed Citric Acid Cycle, failed to show relationship to fermentation. 6. Krebs in 1938 linked glycolysis to citric Acid Cycle via enzyme CoA. ...
Sample exam
... 14. Which molecules drawn above would you attribute the property of amphipathic. 15. Which processes below consume more energy than they produce? (consume ATP, NADPH etc ) Gluconeogenesis Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Cholesterol synthesis Pentose phosphate pathway Fatty acid oxidation Fatty acid bio ...
... 14. Which molecules drawn above would you attribute the property of amphipathic. 15. Which processes below consume more energy than they produce? (consume ATP, NADPH etc ) Gluconeogenesis Glycolysis Citric acid cycle Cholesterol synthesis Pentose phosphate pathway Fatty acid oxidation Fatty acid bio ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑