Citric Acid Cycle (CAC) - LSU School of Medicine
... • 1GTP (ATP in bacteria) and 1 FADH2 is produced during one turn of the cycle • 3 NADH are produced during one turn of the cycle • NADH and FADH2 energize electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation • Eight reactions make up the Krebs cycle – If you are given the name of the enzyme, you should ...
... • 1GTP (ATP in bacteria) and 1 FADH2 is produced during one turn of the cycle • 3 NADH are produced during one turn of the cycle • NADH and FADH2 energize electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation • Eight reactions make up the Krebs cycle – If you are given the name of the enzyme, you should ...
The Citric acid cycle - University of Houston
... Why such a complex set of enzymes? 1 Enzymatic reactions rates are limited by diffusion, with shorter distance between subunits a enzyme can almost direct the substrate from one subunit (catalytic site) to another. 2. Channeling metabolic intermediates between ...
... Why such a complex set of enzymes? 1 Enzymatic reactions rates are limited by diffusion, with shorter distance between subunits a enzyme can almost direct the substrate from one subunit (catalytic site) to another. 2. Channeling metabolic intermediates between ...
BHS 150.1 – Course I Date: 10/18/12, 1st hour Notetaker: Laurel
... What happens with scars? Epithelial cells must heal first to form barrier if damage down to stroma Q4 Energy calculations for palmitate Palmitate (versus palmitoyl) means it’s out in cytosol and needs to be activated to be transported to mitochondria **For exam, she will give us an inactive FA in cy ...
... What happens with scars? Epithelial cells must heal first to form barrier if damage down to stroma Q4 Energy calculations for palmitate Palmitate (versus palmitoyl) means it’s out in cytosol and needs to be activated to be transported to mitochondria **For exam, she will give us an inactive FA in cy ...
GLUCONEOGENESIS
... • F2,6-BP is formed in a reaction catalyzed by Phosphofructokinase-2 (PFK-2) • It is hydrolyzed to F6-P by Fructose Bisphosphatase-2 (FBPase-2) • Both PFK-2 and FBPase-2 are part of the same 55Kd polypeptide chain. • The bifunctional enzyme Exists in 5 isozymic forms. – L-isoform in liver. – M-isofo ...
... • F2,6-BP is formed in a reaction catalyzed by Phosphofructokinase-2 (PFK-2) • It is hydrolyzed to F6-P by Fructose Bisphosphatase-2 (FBPase-2) • Both PFK-2 and FBPase-2 are part of the same 55Kd polypeptide chain. • The bifunctional enzyme Exists in 5 isozymic forms. – L-isoform in liver. – M-isofo ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism-1
... Glycogenesis is the formation of glycogen from glucose. • Glycogen is synthesized depending on the demand for glucose and ATP (energy). If both are present in relatively high amounts, then the excess of insulin promotes the glucose conversion into glycogen for storage in liver and muscle cells. In t ...
... Glycogenesis is the formation of glycogen from glucose. • Glycogen is synthesized depending on the demand for glucose and ATP (energy). If both are present in relatively high amounts, then the excess of insulin promotes the glucose conversion into glycogen for storage in liver and muscle cells. In t ...
2014 Cellular Respiration ppt
... • Metabolic processes that do not require oxygen and does not produce as many ATP as the aerobic stage.(2 ATP) ...
... • Metabolic processes that do not require oxygen and does not produce as many ATP as the aerobic stage.(2 ATP) ...
Cell Respiration Worksheet
... Cells do lots of work - anabolism, transport, movement, growth, reproduction, etc. They need energy to fuel this work. Cells store potential energy in the arrangement of the atoms in macromolecules. Cells use energy in the form of ATP. A cell must regenerate its supply of ATP. Working muscles use AT ...
... Cells do lots of work - anabolism, transport, movement, growth, reproduction, etc. They need energy to fuel this work. Cells store potential energy in the arrangement of the atoms in macromolecules. Cells use energy in the form of ATP. A cell must regenerate its supply of ATP. Working muscles use AT ...
triose phosphate
... the body for respiration and that removes carbon dioxide produced. Breathing ventilates the gas exchange surfaces. Aerobic Respiration is respiration with oxygen – most organisms respire aerobically releasing a relatively large amount of energy. Anaerobic respiration is respiration without oxygen – ...
... the body for respiration and that removes carbon dioxide produced. Breathing ventilates the gas exchange surfaces. Aerobic Respiration is respiration with oxygen – most organisms respire aerobically releasing a relatively large amount of energy. Anaerobic respiration is respiration without oxygen – ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... deficiency because pyridoxal phosphate is a coenzyme in NAD+ biosynthesis from tryptophan. ...
... deficiency because pyridoxal phosphate is a coenzyme in NAD+ biosynthesis from tryptophan. ...
Student notes in ppt
... Two Major Roles of Glucokinase Role in liver cells When blood glucose levels are high, both hexokinase I and glucokinase are active in liver cells, whereas, other tissues only have hexokinase 1 and their ability to take up glucose after a meal is unchanged. Since phosphorylation traps glucose insid ...
... Two Major Roles of Glucokinase Role in liver cells When blood glucose levels are high, both hexokinase I and glucokinase are active in liver cells, whereas, other tissues only have hexokinase 1 and their ability to take up glucose after a meal is unchanged. Since phosphorylation traps glucose insid ...
03Glycolysis
... the mitochondria in ATP production -In the exercising muscle a lot of NADH is produced from glycolysis and from citric acid that exceed the oxidative capacity of respiratory chain elevation of NADH/NAD+ ratio favoring the reduction of pyruvate to lactate accumulation drop of pH muscle cramps ...
... the mitochondria in ATP production -In the exercising muscle a lot of NADH is produced from glycolysis and from citric acid that exceed the oxidative capacity of respiratory chain elevation of NADH/NAD+ ratio favoring the reduction of pyruvate to lactate accumulation drop of pH muscle cramps ...
S08 Glycolysis
... the mitochondria in ATP production -In the exercising muscle a lot of NADH is produced from glycolysis and from citric acid that exceed the oxidative capacity of respiratory chain elevation of NADH/NAD+ ratio favoring the reduction of pyruvate to lactate accumulation drop of pH muscle cramps ...
... the mitochondria in ATP production -In the exercising muscle a lot of NADH is produced from glycolysis and from citric acid that exceed the oxidative capacity of respiratory chain elevation of NADH/NAD+ ratio favoring the reduction of pyruvate to lactate accumulation drop of pH muscle cramps ...
Glycolysis
... the mitochondria in ATP production -In the exercising muscle a lot of NADH is produced from glycolysis and from citric acid that exceed the oxidative capacity of respiratory chain elevation of NADH/NAD+ ratio favoring the reduction of pyruvate to lactate accumulation drop of pH muscle cramps ...
... the mitochondria in ATP production -In the exercising muscle a lot of NADH is produced from glycolysis and from citric acid that exceed the oxidative capacity of respiratory chain elevation of NADH/NAD+ ratio favoring the reduction of pyruvate to lactate accumulation drop of pH muscle cramps ...
Connections of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid
... numbers climbed steadily, it follows that the cells would begin to deplete the nutrients from the medium in which they lived as they shifted the nutrients into the components of their own bodies. This hypothetical situation would have resulted in natural selection favoring those organisms that could ...
... numbers climbed steadily, it follows that the cells would begin to deplete the nutrients from the medium in which they lived as they shifted the nutrients into the components of their own bodies. This hypothetical situation would have resulted in natural selection favoring those organisms that could ...
Why would someone take the vitamin niacin?
... 8. Using figure 9.5, describe why electron transport chains are an advantage to living systems. 9. Draw figure 9.6 illustrating and labeling the three stages of aerobic cellular respiration and their products. 10. Compare and contrast substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. Ma ...
... 8. Using figure 9.5, describe why electron transport chains are an advantage to living systems. 9. Draw figure 9.6 illustrating and labeling the three stages of aerobic cellular respiration and their products. 10. Compare and contrast substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. Ma ...
Document
... - the normal fuel is fatty acids which are converted to acetylCoA and oxidized in the citric acid cycle and ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation. - about half the volume of the cytoplasm of heart muscle cells made up of mitochondria. - the heart has low levels of glycogen and little phosphoc ...
... - the normal fuel is fatty acids which are converted to acetylCoA and oxidized in the citric acid cycle and ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation. - about half the volume of the cytoplasm of heart muscle cells made up of mitochondria. - the heart has low levels of glycogen and little phosphoc ...
BHS 150.1 – Biochemistry II Date: 2/8/2013, 2sndhalf Notetaker: Kim
... 12. Ascorbate in the aqueous is needed by the cornea for which two of the following functions: antioxidant properties collagen synthesis 13. A missense mutation occurs when the: amino acid sequence changes 14. During fasting, what are some possible sources of carbons for gluconeogenesis: amino acids ...
... 12. Ascorbate in the aqueous is needed by the cornea for which two of the following functions: antioxidant properties collagen synthesis 13. A missense mutation occurs when the: amino acid sequence changes 14. During fasting, what are some possible sources of carbons for gluconeogenesis: amino acids ...
(pg 104-110) - Cellular Respiration
... When oxygen is not present, NAD+ is recycled in another way. Under anaerobic conditions, electrons carried by NADH are transferred to pyruvate produced during glycolysis. ...
... When oxygen is not present, NAD+ is recycled in another way. Under anaerobic conditions, electrons carried by NADH are transferred to pyruvate produced during glycolysis. ...
2nd bio1 exam sample
... 8) The products have more free energy than the reactants in exergonic reactions. 9) Enzymes can not affect the change in free energy of reactions they catalyze. 10)NADH is produced only in the mitochondria. ...
... 8) The products have more free energy than the reactants in exergonic reactions. 9) Enzymes can not affect the change in free energy of reactions they catalyze. 10)NADH is produced only in the mitochondria. ...
Biochemistry 2000 Sample Questions 5 Transport, Carbohydrates, Metabolism
... (7) Fill in the blanks in the following statements regarding glycolysis. (a) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, a six carbon sugar is split into two three carbon sugars by the enzyme ____________________. (b) Enzymes that generate reduced electron carriers (ie. NADH) are called ____________________. (c) Eac ...
... (7) Fill in the blanks in the following statements regarding glycolysis. (a) Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, a six carbon sugar is split into two three carbon sugars by the enzyme ____________________. (b) Enzymes that generate reduced electron carriers (ie. NADH) are called ____________________. (c) Eac ...
Document
... What if there’s no oxygen? • Without O2, the electron transport chain will cease to operate. • In that case, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce ATP. – Anaerobic respiration: electron transport chain with an electron acceptor other than O2 (often sulfate) – Ferm ...
... What if there’s no oxygen? • Without O2, the electron transport chain will cease to operate. • In that case, glycolysis couples with fermentation or anaerobic respiration to produce ATP. – Anaerobic respiration: electron transport chain with an electron acceptor other than O2 (often sulfate) – Ferm ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑