Krebs cycle
... There is no net accumulation of oxaloacetate (or any other intermediate in the Krebs cycle). Both carbon atoms of acetate are released as CO2. ...
... There is no net accumulation of oxaloacetate (or any other intermediate in the Krebs cycle). Both carbon atoms of acetate are released as CO2. ...
glucose-6-P - WordPress.com
... the cell's need. Liver cells also contain an isoenzyme of hexokinase, glucokinase, which has a Km very much higher than the normal intracellular concentration of glucose. The function of glucokinase in the liver is to remove glucose from the blood following a meal, providing glucose 6-phosphate in e ...
... the cell's need. Liver cells also contain an isoenzyme of hexokinase, glucokinase, which has a Km very much higher than the normal intracellular concentration of glucose. The function of glucokinase in the liver is to remove glucose from the blood following a meal, providing glucose 6-phosphate in e ...
Metabolism_PartII Group work
... o The central metabolic pathways Glycolysis Pentose phosphate pathway Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and transition step o Aerobic respiration o Anaerobic respiration o Fermentation Part B: Now label on each diagram how the harvested energy is stored during each catabolic process. AT ...
... o The central metabolic pathways Glycolysis Pentose phosphate pathway Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle) and transition step o Aerobic respiration o Anaerobic respiration o Fermentation Part B: Now label on each diagram how the harvested energy is stored during each catabolic process. AT ...
Lecture 19 TCA Cycle 1. How pyruvate is converted to acetyl
... 1. How pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA which is a precursor for TCA cycle? Answer: The pyruvic molecules formed in glycolosis enter the mitochondria, where they are converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). In this complex series of reactions, pyruvate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation. Fir ...
... 1. How pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA which is a precursor for TCA cycle? Answer: The pyruvic molecules formed in glycolosis enter the mitochondria, where they are converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA). In this complex series of reactions, pyruvate undergoes oxidative decarboxylation. Fir ...
BIo Exam Trashketball Review Questions
... when the microorganisms in the milk produce acid. Which of these processes would you expect to be key in the production of yogurt? a) b) c) d) ...
... when the microorganisms in the milk produce acid. Which of these processes would you expect to be key in the production of yogurt? a) b) c) d) ...
Cellular Respiration Explained
... Remember the notes on the way in which ATP is made. What is ATP? Where did we learn it was made? The answer is in the mitochondria of cells. The overall reaction is C6H12O6 + 6O2→6CO2+ 6H2O+ Energy (ATP+ Heat). Notice that oxygen is required. When oxygen is used, it is called aerobic respiration. AN ...
... Remember the notes on the way in which ATP is made. What is ATP? Where did we learn it was made? The answer is in the mitochondria of cells. The overall reaction is C6H12O6 + 6O2→6CO2+ 6H2O+ Energy (ATP+ Heat). Notice that oxygen is required. When oxygen is used, it is called aerobic respiration. AN ...
Cellular Respiration Review Sheet
... Directions: Answer the following question in complete sentences on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What metric unit is used to measure energy? What is the difference between a calorie, a Calorie and a kilocalorie? 2. A cracker was burned and caused the temperature of 500g of water to increase by 4C. ...
... Directions: Answer the following question in complete sentences on a separate sheet of paper. 1. What metric unit is used to measure energy? What is the difference between a calorie, a Calorie and a kilocalorie? 2. A cracker was burned and caused the temperature of 500g of water to increase by 4C. ...
Coomes CELLULAR RESPIRATION: PRACTICE QUESTIONS PRE
... D) the formation of alcohol. E) the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... D) the formation of alcohol. E) the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. ...
cell energy test review
... _____ 1. For each 2-carbon compound 1 ATP molecule and 2 CO2 molecules are produced. _____ 2. For each glucose molecule 2 ATP molecules are produced. _____ 3. For each glucose molecule 32 ATP molecules are produced. _____ 4. produces the same number of ATP molecules as fermentation _____ 5. the proc ...
... _____ 1. For each 2-carbon compound 1 ATP molecule and 2 CO2 molecules are produced. _____ 2. For each glucose molecule 2 ATP molecules are produced. _____ 3. For each glucose molecule 32 ATP molecules are produced. _____ 4. produces the same number of ATP molecules as fermentation _____ 5. the proc ...
Biology 301 Exam 3 Name Spring 2008 1. Which of the following is
... as possible, the reaction is said to be proceeding at __________ velocity. A. terminal B. infinite C. optimal D. maximal 8. If an enzyme consists of a protein component and a non-protein component, the protein component is referred as the A. prosthetic group. B. apoenzyme. C. coenzyme. D. holoenzyme ...
... as possible, the reaction is said to be proceeding at __________ velocity. A. terminal B. infinite C. optimal D. maximal 8. If an enzyme consists of a protein component and a non-protein component, the protein component is referred as the A. prosthetic group. B. apoenzyme. C. coenzyme. D. holoenzyme ...
4.2 Cellular Respiration - Dr Rob's A
... organic molecules and the creation of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) ...
... organic molecules and the creation of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) ...
Lecture 22 – New HW assignment – Anaerobic metabolism (continued) – Other sugars
... CH3-CH2CH2-CH2-OH butanol ...
... CH3-CH2CH2-CH2-OH butanol ...
doc 3.5.2 respiration notes Student notes for section 3.5.2
... A molecule of Glucose (...... C) is broken down (oxidised) into two molecules of pyruvate each of which has ……… carbon atoms. Glycolysis uses two molecules of ATP and produces four giving a net gain of ………… molecules of ATP for each glucose molecule. Glycolysis also produces two molecules of NADH (r ...
... A molecule of Glucose (...... C) is broken down (oxidised) into two molecules of pyruvate each of which has ……… carbon atoms. Glycolysis uses two molecules of ATP and produces four giving a net gain of ………… molecules of ATP for each glucose molecule. Glycolysis also produces two molecules of NADH (r ...
File
... are added to glucose to form hexose biphosphate). These two phosphate groups are provided by two molecules of ATP. • Step 2 - Lysis of hexose biphosphate. Hexose biphosphate splits into two molecules of triose phosphate. • Step 3 - Each triose phosphate molecule is oxidized (hydrogens and electrons ...
... are added to glucose to form hexose biphosphate). These two phosphate groups are provided by two molecules of ATP. • Step 2 - Lysis of hexose biphosphate. Hexose biphosphate splits into two molecules of triose phosphate. • Step 3 - Each triose phosphate molecule is oxidized (hydrogens and electrons ...
Notes - Learner
... First of all, glucose and fructose undergo phosphorylation to produce glucose-6-phosphate. The enzyme hexokinase facilitates this process. Two molecules of ATP are utilised during phosphorylation of one molecule of glucose. Two molecules of fructose-6-phosphate are formed at the end of this step. ...
... First of all, glucose and fructose undergo phosphorylation to produce glucose-6-phosphate. The enzyme hexokinase facilitates this process. Two molecules of ATP are utilised during phosphorylation of one molecule of glucose. Two molecules of fructose-6-phosphate are formed at the end of this step. ...
Document
... 7. Name molecules can produce ATP(energy) other than sugars. What are the product names can be used as a energy and waste produce after producing ATP or energy source? Protein- Ketone acid(as a energy source), Urea (Waste), Fat – Keto bodies(as a energy source) 8. Name the pathway before an amino ac ...
... 7. Name molecules can produce ATP(energy) other than sugars. What are the product names can be used as a energy and waste produce after producing ATP or energy source? Protein- Ketone acid(as a energy source), Urea (Waste), Fat – Keto bodies(as a energy source) 8. Name the pathway before an amino ac ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY - Illinois State University
... Feed-forward activation • Metabolite early in the pathway activates an enzyme further down the pathway ...
... Feed-forward activation • Metabolite early in the pathway activates an enzyme further down the pathway ...
Ch7METABOLISM
... we eat or “refuel” to supply this energy. If we are starving or fasting, the body must use fuel reserves from its own tissues Glycogen is used first, along with some fat breakdown. Glycogen is exhausted within several hours. Low blood glucose serves as a signal to promote further fat breakdown ...
... we eat or “refuel” to supply this energy. If we are starving or fasting, the body must use fuel reserves from its own tissues Glycogen is used first, along with some fat breakdown. Glycogen is exhausted within several hours. Low blood glucose serves as a signal to promote further fat breakdown ...
cellular-respiration-notes-2016
... The "adenosine" part consists of a nitrogen-containing compound called adenine and a five-carbon sugar called ribose (Figure 7-9). The triphosphate "tail" consists of three phosphate groups. The tail is the "business" end of ATP—it is the source of energy used for most cellular work. ...
... The "adenosine" part consists of a nitrogen-containing compound called adenine and a five-carbon sugar called ribose (Figure 7-9). The triphosphate "tail" consists of three phosphate groups. The tail is the "business" end of ATP—it is the source of energy used for most cellular work. ...
Cellular Respiration
... Organisms cannot use glucose directly, it must be broken down into smaller units. This process in living things begins with glycolysis. If oxygen is present, glycolysis is followed by the Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain – This is called Cellular Respiration ...
... Organisms cannot use glucose directly, it must be broken down into smaller units. This process in living things begins with glycolysis. If oxygen is present, glycolysis is followed by the Krebs Cycle and electron transport chain – This is called Cellular Respiration ...
PEPCK: a model of eukaryotic gene expression
... PEPCK, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase is traditionally viewed as a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis, the conversion of pyruvate or lactate back to glucose. This process is carried out in the liver typically during starvation to maintain blood glucose levels. PEPCK and pyruvate carboxylase together ...
... PEPCK, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase is traditionally viewed as a key enzyme in gluconeogenesis, the conversion of pyruvate or lactate back to glucose. This process is carried out in the liver typically during starvation to maintain blood glucose levels. PEPCK and pyruvate carboxylase together ...
Document
... iii. This gradient drives protons back in through a protein called ATPsynthase iv. This creates kinetic energy that ATPsynthase harnesses to catalyze ADP + P ATP (oxidative-phosphorylation) ...
... iii. This gradient drives protons back in through a protein called ATPsynthase iv. This creates kinetic energy that ATPsynthase harnesses to catalyze ADP + P ATP (oxidative-phosphorylation) ...
Cell Metabolism
... iii. This gradient drives protons back in through a protein called ATPsynthase iv. This creates kinetic energy that ATPsynthase harnesses to catalyze ADP + P ATP (oxidative-phosphorylation) ...
... iii. This gradient drives protons back in through a protein called ATPsynthase iv. This creates kinetic energy that ATPsynthase harnesses to catalyze ADP + P ATP (oxidative-phosphorylation) ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION Aerobic Cellular Respiration
... Respiration: the life process by which organisms convert the chemical energy stored in food to a form of energy more easily utilized by the cell Process of Cell Respiration: a biochemical process used by cells to release energy from organic molecules (food) such as glucose ~this energy is stored in ...
... Respiration: the life process by which organisms convert the chemical energy stored in food to a form of energy more easily utilized by the cell Process of Cell Respiration: a biochemical process used by cells to release energy from organic molecules (food) such as glucose ~this energy is stored in ...
24,7 Loctic Fermentotion
... The pathway by which lactate is conuerted to glucose is called gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis,which is the synthesis of glucose from startingmaterials that are not carbohydrates,is an exampleof an anabolic (synthetic) pathway. Like most anabolic pathways, it requires the expenditure of ATP Six mol ...
... The pathway by which lactate is conuerted to glucose is called gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis,which is the synthesis of glucose from startingmaterials that are not carbohydrates,is an exampleof an anabolic (synthetic) pathway. Like most anabolic pathways, it requires the expenditure of ATP Six mol ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑