REVIEW FOR TEST 3: ENERGETICS
... 1. Define: autotroph, heterotroph, biochemical pathway, aerobic and anaerobic reactions, chemiosmosis, ATP synthase, reduction and oxidation (Redox) 2. Describe the two types of phosphorylation a. substrate-level phosphorylation b. chemiosmotic phosphorylation 1. photophosphorylation (CH 10) 2. oxid ...
... 1. Define: autotroph, heterotroph, biochemical pathway, aerobic and anaerobic reactions, chemiosmosis, ATP synthase, reduction and oxidation (Redox) 2. Describe the two types of phosphorylation a. substrate-level phosphorylation b. chemiosmotic phosphorylation 1. photophosphorylation (CH 10) 2. oxid ...
Photosynthesis & Respiration
... captured and used to make E storing compounds (ATP, NADPH) Basic: Light Inde, Use E in NADPH & ATP to produce Glucose Glucose is more stable then ATP & NADPH, holds 100x more E ...
... captured and used to make E storing compounds (ATP, NADPH) Basic: Light Inde, Use E in NADPH & ATP to produce Glucose Glucose is more stable then ATP & NADPH, holds 100x more E ...
Connections of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid
... numbers climbed steadily, it follows that the cells would begin to deplete the nutrients from the medium in which they lived as they shifted the nutrients into the components of their own bodies. This hypothetical situation would have resulted in natural selection favoring those organisms that could ...
... numbers climbed steadily, it follows that the cells would begin to deplete the nutrients from the medium in which they lived as they shifted the nutrients into the components of their own bodies. This hypothetical situation would have resulted in natural selection favoring those organisms that could ...
File - Pomp
... • H atoms are removed during the cycle and picked up by NAD+ and FAD. H are used in oxidative phosphorylation to power formation of most ATP • 1 ATP molecule is formed by substrate level phosphorylation during each turn of cycle (net per glucose = 2 ATP) ...
... • H atoms are removed during the cycle and picked up by NAD+ and FAD. H are used in oxidative phosphorylation to power formation of most ATP • 1 ATP molecule is formed by substrate level phosphorylation during each turn of cycle (net per glucose = 2 ATP) ...
9.3 Fermentation
... I. Fermentation • There is a pathway that can make ATP without oxygen • Fermentation: the process of glycolysis and the anaerobic pathway combined • Without oxygen, fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP ...
... I. Fermentation • There is a pathway that can make ATP without oxygen • Fermentation: the process of glycolysis and the anaerobic pathway combined • Without oxygen, fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP ...
I. B. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) powers cellular work 1. ATP
... • Electron Transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation – occurs on the cristae of the mitochondria – produces up to 35 ATP – aerobic process ...
... • Electron Transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation – occurs on the cristae of the mitochondria – produces up to 35 ATP – aerobic process ...
Redox reaction during glycolysis
... • State that, in cell respiration, glucose in the cytoplasm is broken down by glycolysis into pyruvate, with a small yield of ATP. • Explain that, during anaerobic cell respiration, pyruvate can be converted in the cytoplasm into lactate, or ethanol and carbon dioxide, with no further yield of ATP. ...
... • State that, in cell respiration, glucose in the cytoplasm is broken down by glycolysis into pyruvate, with a small yield of ATP. • Explain that, during anaerobic cell respiration, pyruvate can be converted in the cytoplasm into lactate, or ethanol and carbon dioxide, with no further yield of ATP. ...
TRICARBOXYLIC ACID CYCLE
... carbon dioxide, reduced NAD, reduced FAD and GTP • There are negative and positive controls for the TCA cycle ...
... carbon dioxide, reduced NAD, reduced FAD and GTP • There are negative and positive controls for the TCA cycle ...
Chapter 1
... • Final substrate-level dehydration in the pathway • Phosphoenolpyruvate serves as donor of the phosphoryl group transferred to ADP by pyruvate kinase making ATP and releasing water – Pyruvate is the final product of glycolysis – A coupled reaction in which hydrolysis of the phosphoester bond provid ...
... • Final substrate-level dehydration in the pathway • Phosphoenolpyruvate serves as donor of the phosphoryl group transferred to ADP by pyruvate kinase making ATP and releasing water – Pyruvate is the final product of glycolysis – A coupled reaction in which hydrolysis of the phosphoester bond provid ...
Fate of pyruvate
... Acetyl CoA is the end product for oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids & proteins Acetyl CoA condenses with oxalacetate to form citrate (first reaction of the cycle) 3 NADH are produced = 3 X 3 = 9 ATP (by oxidative phosphorylation) One FADH2 is produced = 1 X 2 = 2 ATP (by oxidative phosphorylation) ...
... Acetyl CoA is the end product for oxidation of carbohydrates, lipids & proteins Acetyl CoA condenses with oxalacetate to form citrate (first reaction of the cycle) 3 NADH are produced = 3 X 3 = 9 ATP (by oxidative phosphorylation) One FADH2 is produced = 1 X 2 = 2 ATP (by oxidative phosphorylation) ...
Honors Guided Notes
... – Both kinds ______________________________________________ – How many ATPs does that mean they make? ______ ATPs ...
... – Both kinds ______________________________________________ – How many ATPs does that mean they make? ______ ATPs ...
Ch 6 Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth
... Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Describe the chemical reactions and some products of fermentation. Categorize the various nutritional patterns among organisms according to energy and carbon source. ...
... Compare and contrast aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Describe the chemical reactions and some products of fermentation. Categorize the various nutritional patterns among organisms according to energy and carbon source. ...
Fermentation
... away from a lion ) will not use anaerobic respiration but will start fermentation ...
... away from a lion ) will not use anaerobic respiration but will start fermentation ...
13 cellular respiration
... (though techically some prokaryotes have full cellular respiration with an electron receptor other than oxygen…) - uses the same glycolysis, in cytosol, as aerobic respiration. - yields far less ATP per glucose: about 2 ATP net vs. up to 38 ATP because it doesn’t cash in e- via Krebs and ETC. - seve ...
... (though techically some prokaryotes have full cellular respiration with an electron receptor other than oxygen…) - uses the same glycolysis, in cytosol, as aerobic respiration. - yields far less ATP per glucose: about 2 ATP net vs. up to 38 ATP because it doesn’t cash in e- via Krebs and ETC. - seve ...
The Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
... cycle of reactions called the Krebs cycle. The common pathway to completely oxidize fuel molecules which mostly is acetyl CoA ,the product from the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate It enters the cycle and passes ten steps of reactions that yield energy and CO2 These reactions can only occ ...
... cycle of reactions called the Krebs cycle. The common pathway to completely oxidize fuel molecules which mostly is acetyl CoA ,the product from the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate It enters the cycle and passes ten steps of reactions that yield energy and CO2 These reactions can only occ ...
Ch 4: Cellular Metabolism
... Copyright © McGraw-Hill Companies Permission required for reproduction or display ...
... Copyright © McGraw-Hill Companies Permission required for reproduction or display ...
Chapter 5 Bacterial Metabolism
... Cellular Respiration • The production of ATP through the harvesting of energy down a metabolic pathway is called Cellular Respiration • If a cell uses oxygen in making ATP it is called Aerobic Respiration • C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 38 ADP + 38P → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP ...
... Cellular Respiration • The production of ATP through the harvesting of energy down a metabolic pathway is called Cellular Respiration • If a cell uses oxygen in making ATP it is called Aerobic Respiration • C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 38 ADP + 38P → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP ...
Glycolysis 1
... Phosphoglucose isomerase (phosphohexose isomerase) interconverts an aldose (glucose-6-P) and a ketose (fructose-6-P) through a multi-step pathway that involves opening and closing of the ring structure ...
... Phosphoglucose isomerase (phosphohexose isomerase) interconverts an aldose (glucose-6-P) and a ketose (fructose-6-P) through a multi-step pathway that involves opening and closing of the ring structure ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑