Chapter 6 ENZYME SUBSTRATE REACTANTS PRODUCTS
... 7. This term describes when the products of one reaction become the reactants for the next linking them in sequence. Metabolic Pathway 8. This term describes when energy released from an exergonic reaction is used to drive an endergonic reaction. Coupled Reaction 9. This is the principle energy carr ...
... 7. This term describes when the products of one reaction become the reactants for the next linking them in sequence. Metabolic Pathway 8. This term describes when energy released from an exergonic reaction is used to drive an endergonic reaction. Coupled Reaction 9. This is the principle energy carr ...
Cellular Respiration
... their arrangement of atoms Fats, CH2O protein can all be used as fuel . Traditionally, cellular respiration is studied using glucose as the source. There are 2 energy-providing (catabolic) pathways ...
... their arrangement of atoms Fats, CH2O protein can all be used as fuel . Traditionally, cellular respiration is studied using glucose as the source. There are 2 energy-providing (catabolic) pathways ...
BIE 5810 - Chapter 5, Part I
... cell? Human erythrocyte has been evaluation of steady-state concentrations of intermediates in glycolysis. When these concentrations of reactants and products are considered, the energy recovery efficiency is about 53%. Glucose -à lactate + 2 ATP ...
... cell? Human erythrocyte has been evaluation of steady-state concentrations of intermediates in glycolysis. When these concentrations of reactants and products are considered, the energy recovery efficiency is about 53%. Glucose -à lactate + 2 ATP ...
Energy in Ecosystems Part 2 : Cell Respiration
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP A. In the anaerobic process of glycolysis, organic compounds are converted into pyruvic acid, producing a small amount of ATP and e-carriers. B. In aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is broken down using oxygen to produce CO2 and water, which produces a large amount o ...
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP A. In the anaerobic process of glycolysis, organic compounds are converted into pyruvic acid, producing a small amount of ATP and e-carriers. B. In aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is broken down using oxygen to produce CO2 and water, which produces a large amount o ...
Lecture 7
... b The second stage, the Krebs cycle and a few steps before it, occurs inside mitochondria. The 2 pyruvates are broken down to CO2, which leaves the cell. During the reactions, 8 NAD+ and 2 FAD pick up electrons and hydrogen atoms, so 8 NADH and 2 FADH2 form. 2 ATP also form. c The third and final st ...
... b The second stage, the Krebs cycle and a few steps before it, occurs inside mitochondria. The 2 pyruvates are broken down to CO2, which leaves the cell. During the reactions, 8 NAD+ and 2 FAD pick up electrons and hydrogen atoms, so 8 NADH and 2 FADH2 form. 2 ATP also form. c The third and final st ...
2106lecture 11a powerpoint
... Oxygen debt-recovery oxygen consumptionthe difference between oxygen consumption in the post-exercise recovery phase and the oxygen consumption at rest Fuel source is limited to glucose and produces a relatively small amount of ATP relative to aerobic metabolism All out effort for 60-120 seconds ...
... Oxygen debt-recovery oxygen consumptionthe difference between oxygen consumption in the post-exercise recovery phase and the oxygen consumption at rest Fuel source is limited to glucose and produces a relatively small amount of ATP relative to aerobic metabolism All out effort for 60-120 seconds ...
Krebs cycle
... Availability of oxaloacetate (OAA) is one of the main limiting steps of TCA. The [OAA] is 1/10 of the other intermediates of TCA. Remember pyruvate carboxylase is anaplerotic. Why AcetylCoA activates pyruvate carboxylase? Do you remember from glycolysis that the active metabolite (glyceraldehyde) is ...
... Availability of oxaloacetate (OAA) is one of the main limiting steps of TCA. The [OAA] is 1/10 of the other intermediates of TCA. Remember pyruvate carboxylase is anaplerotic. Why AcetylCoA activates pyruvate carboxylase? Do you remember from glycolysis that the active metabolite (glyceraldehyde) is ...
Chapter 7
... (Remember this is per pyruvate molecule. You need to double this to get the number per glucose!) The remainder of the cycle is dedicated to rearranging the atoms to regenerate oxaloacetate to allow the cycle to continue. Note that the two carbons that entered the cycle in acetyl-CoA are not the two ...
... (Remember this is per pyruvate molecule. You need to double this to get the number per glucose!) The remainder of the cycle is dedicated to rearranging the atoms to regenerate oxaloacetate to allow the cycle to continue. Note that the two carbons that entered the cycle in acetyl-CoA are not the two ...
Exam #1 Graduate: PEP 426 Intermediate Exercise Physiology
... Section 2: True/False Write either T (true) or F (false) on the answer sheet provided. 1. When starting with glycogen, and for the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, glycolysis yields 39 ATP. 2. The increase in fast twitch motor unit recruitment during incremental exercise can contribute to the threshol ...
... Section 2: True/False Write either T (true) or F (false) on the answer sheet provided. 1. When starting with glycogen, and for the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, glycolysis yields 39 ATP. 2. The increase in fast twitch motor unit recruitment during incremental exercise can contribute to the threshol ...
Gluconeogenesis
... which in turn is isomerized into 3-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase, phosphoglycerokinase uses ATP to produce 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate which is reduced by GAPDH into glyceraldehydes-3phosphate. Triose phosphate isomerase produces dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Aldolase catalyzes an aldol cond ...
... which in turn is isomerized into 3-phosphoglycerate by phosphoglycerate mutase, phosphoglycerokinase uses ATP to produce 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate which is reduced by GAPDH into glyceraldehydes-3phosphate. Triose phosphate isomerase produces dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Aldolase catalyzes an aldol cond ...
Metabolism
... are proteins so are genetically encoded. Each organism undergoes metabolism in certain ways because they are limited by their DNA which determines their enzymes. Their enzymes determine the chemical reactions. Their chemical reactions determine their metabolism capabilities. There is a wide breadth ...
... are proteins so are genetically encoded. Each organism undergoes metabolism in certain ways because they are limited by their DNA which determines their enzymes. Their enzymes determine the chemical reactions. Their chemical reactions determine their metabolism capabilities. There is a wide breadth ...
Gluconeogensis
... Reciprocally regulated: if you activate glycolysis you will simultaneously inhibit gluconeogenesis & vice-versa i. Can’t have glycolysis and gluconeogenesis at the same time 1. You’d just be wasting ATP Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate (S29) Not an intermediate metabolite – it’s a regulatory molecule i. On ...
... Reciprocally regulated: if you activate glycolysis you will simultaneously inhibit gluconeogenesis & vice-versa i. Can’t have glycolysis and gluconeogenesis at the same time 1. You’d just be wasting ATP Fructose-2,6-Bisphosphate (S29) Not an intermediate metabolite – it’s a regulatory molecule i. On ...
Chemistry of Glycolysis
... 1. During glycolysis, isomerization occurs during which of the following reactions? A) Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate → dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3phosphate. B) Fructose 6-phosphate → fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. C) Glucose 6- phosphate → fructose 6- phosphate. D) Glucose → glucose 6- ...
... 1. During glycolysis, isomerization occurs during which of the following reactions? A) Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate → dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3phosphate. B) Fructose 6-phosphate → fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. C) Glucose 6- phosphate → fructose 6- phosphate. D) Glucose → glucose 6- ...
Metabolism part 2
... – After pyruvate is generated through glycolysis, it is then converted to some acid or alcohol by product. – Fermentation does not require oxygen to occur. – Fermentation does not require the TCA cycle. – It uses organic compounds as the terminal electron acceptor. – It produces only small amounts o ...
... – After pyruvate is generated through glycolysis, it is then converted to some acid or alcohol by product. – Fermentation does not require oxygen to occur. – Fermentation does not require the TCA cycle. – It uses organic compounds as the terminal electron acceptor. – It produces only small amounts o ...
When muscular work starts, the adrenal medulla secretes a
... enzyme called glycogen synthetase. Protein kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of two enzymes. One is inactive phosphorylase kinase and another one is active gylcogen synthetase. Phosphorylation of inactive phosphorylase kinase continues the epinephrine cascade to form glucose. phosphorylation of a ...
... enzyme called glycogen synthetase. Protein kinase catalyzes the phosphorylation of two enzymes. One is inactive phosphorylase kinase and another one is active gylcogen synthetase. Phosphorylation of inactive phosphorylase kinase continues the epinephrine cascade to form glucose. phosphorylation of a ...
Ch 4: Cellular Metabolism
... NADH produces a maximum of 2.5 ATP FADH2 produces a maximum of 1.5 ATP ...
... NADH produces a maximum of 2.5 ATP FADH2 produces a maximum of 1.5 ATP ...
Review Questions for Respiration
... Synthesis of 32 ATP per glucose using energy from proton gradient E Takes place in the cytoplasm A, F, G Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondrionB, Takes place in the cristae of the mitochondrionD Uses cytochromes D Is used to raise bread F Is used to make cheese G NAD+ is reduced A, B, C FAD ...
... Synthesis of 32 ATP per glucose using energy from proton gradient E Takes place in the cytoplasm A, F, G Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondrionB, Takes place in the cristae of the mitochondrionD Uses cytochromes D Is used to raise bread F Is used to make cheese G NAD+ is reduced A, B, C FAD ...
1 Lecture 27: Metabolic Pathways Part I: Glycolysis
... This completes the “first stage” of glycolysis. Overall Δ G for the first 5 steps under cellular conditions is -53 kJ/mol. So far, 2 ATP molecules have been consumed. ...
... This completes the “first stage” of glycolysis. Overall Δ G for the first 5 steps under cellular conditions is -53 kJ/mol. So far, 2 ATP molecules have been consumed. ...
Chapter 25
... To attach a phosphate group to ADP to produce ATP ____________ energy Series 4 reactions in presence of oxygen produces more ATP than when oxygen is absent: ...
... To attach a phosphate group to ADP to produce ATP ____________ energy Series 4 reactions in presence of oxygen produces more ATP than when oxygen is absent: ...
313EnergyProduction
... – FFA in blood enter fibers by diffusion • rate of entry regulated by it’s own concentration gradient • increased FFA in blood drives FFA into muscle ...
... – FFA in blood enter fibers by diffusion • rate of entry regulated by it’s own concentration gradient • increased FFA in blood drives FFA into muscle ...
Ch9 Review Sheet - Canvas by Instructure
... 3. What metabolic stage is part of both cellular respiration and fermentation? a. electron transport b. glycolysis c. Krebs cycle d. ATP synthase action 4. What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced directly by glycolysis? a. 2 b. 4 c. 34 d. 38 5. Electron transport occurs in the a. cytosplasm. ...
... 3. What metabolic stage is part of both cellular respiration and fermentation? a. electron transport b. glycolysis c. Krebs cycle d. ATP synthase action 4. What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced directly by glycolysis? a. 2 b. 4 c. 34 d. 38 5. Electron transport occurs in the a. cytosplasm. ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑