1. A Draw the structure of glucose using either a ring or straight
... Does the resulting overall reaction differ in any way from traditional glycolysis? Glucose --hexose isomerase-->fructose fructose ---aldolase ---> dihydroxy-acetone + glyceraldehyde. dihydroxy-acetone --triose isomerase---> glyceraldehyde glyceraldehyde ---glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase--> 1-phophogly ...
... Does the resulting overall reaction differ in any way from traditional glycolysis? Glucose --hexose isomerase-->fructose fructose ---aldolase ---> dihydroxy-acetone + glyceraldehyde. dihydroxy-acetone --triose isomerase---> glyceraldehyde glyceraldehyde ---glyceraldehyde dehydrogenase--> 1-phophogly ...
碩命題橫式 - 國立彰化師範大學圖書館
... 10. The direct sources of nitrogen that are used to make urea via the Urea Cycle are: (a). citrulline and ornithine (b). arginine and aspartate (c). arginine and citrulline (d). ammonia and arginine (e). aspartate and ammonia 11. Which product in glycolysis also involve in serine synthesis? (a) G6P. ...
... 10. The direct sources of nitrogen that are used to make urea via the Urea Cycle are: (a). citrulline and ornithine (b). arginine and aspartate (c). arginine and citrulline (d). ammonia and arginine (e). aspartate and ammonia 11. Which product in glycolysis also involve in serine synthesis? (a) G6P. ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration Other Metabolites
... levels of intermediates compounds in the pathways regulation of earlier steps in pathways levels of other biomolecules in body regulates rate of siphoning off to synthesis pathways ...
... levels of intermediates compounds in the pathways regulation of earlier steps in pathways levels of other biomolecules in body regulates rate of siphoning off to synthesis pathways ...
Cellular Respiration
... Each protein is more electronegative than the one above it Electrons move downhill towards oxygen Food NADH ETC Oxygen ...
... Each protein is more electronegative than the one above it Electrons move downhill towards oxygen Food NADH ETC Oxygen ...
Cellular Respiration
... Energy is released when electrons are transferred to lower energy state molecules ...
... Energy is released when electrons are transferred to lower energy state molecules ...
Document
... intermembrane space, making it positively charged relative to the matrix. The charge difference across the membrane forces H ions through channels in enzymes known as ATP synthases. As the ATP synthases spin, a phosphate group is added to ADP, generating ATP. ...
... intermembrane space, making it positively charged relative to the matrix. The charge difference across the membrane forces H ions through channels in enzymes known as ATP synthases. As the ATP synthases spin, a phosphate group is added to ADP, generating ATP. ...
Mitochondria consist of a matrix where three
... H2S, the sulfur analog of water, which we perceive as the scent of rotten eggs. Fortunately, this mechanism is not common! All three of these mechanisms begin with a process called glycolysis (from the Greek, literally sugar breakage). In glycolysis glucose is broken down partially, with the product ...
... H2S, the sulfur analog of water, which we perceive as the scent of rotten eggs. Fortunately, this mechanism is not common! All three of these mechanisms begin with a process called glycolysis (from the Greek, literally sugar breakage). In glycolysis glucose is broken down partially, with the product ...
I. Metabolism
... If an organism grows on a C2 compound, or on a fatty acid, hydrocarbon or any substrate that is degraded into C2 units, the TCA cycle is not sufficient, then alternative pathway can be utilized, e.g. glyoxylate by-pass (Fig. 2-12, skip the details). ...
... If an organism grows on a C2 compound, or on a fatty acid, hydrocarbon or any substrate that is degraded into C2 units, the TCA cycle is not sufficient, then alternative pathway can be utilized, e.g. glyoxylate by-pass (Fig. 2-12, skip the details). ...
Work and Energy in Muscles
... Liver has a mixture of these. What is the functional difference between these? Well, both forms of LDH are inhibited by pyruvate, but the M4 enzyme is less affected. This allows the M4 enzyme to form lactate from pyruvate in anaerobically active muscles and keeps the NAD+ production going. In the h ...
... Liver has a mixture of these. What is the functional difference between these? Well, both forms of LDH are inhibited by pyruvate, but the M4 enzyme is less affected. This allows the M4 enzyme to form lactate from pyruvate in anaerobically active muscles and keeps the NAD+ production going. In the h ...
Cellular Energy
... Products: The CO2 and the H2O are released into the atmosphere. Most of the energy in glucose is going to be lost as heat (~60%) while some (~40%) is transformed into ATP for the organism to use. ...
... Products: The CO2 and the H2O are released into the atmosphere. Most of the energy in glucose is going to be lost as heat (~60%) while some (~40%) is transformed into ATP for the organism to use. ...
Growth final1 - TOP Recommended Websites
... Measuring bacterial mass (live + dead) in liquid culture ...
... Measuring bacterial mass (live + dead) in liquid culture ...
Lecture 1 Course overview and intro to enzymes
... anomers to understand reaction phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) aldolase two 3-carbon compouinds triose phosphate isomerase glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate dehydrogenase active site and mechanism phosphoglycerate kinase substrate level phophorylation phosphoglycerate mutase a bis-phosphorylated intermediate ...
... anomers to understand reaction phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) aldolase two 3-carbon compouinds triose phosphate isomerase glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate dehydrogenase active site and mechanism phosphoglycerate kinase substrate level phophorylation phosphoglycerate mutase a bis-phosphorylated intermediate ...
PL05_Glucdisp
... • G6P can stimulate inactive GS – Even phosphorylated GS – Glucose itself also stimulates the dephosphorylation of GS • Via a slightly complex process that involves other kinases and ...
... • G6P can stimulate inactive GS – Even phosphorylated GS – Glucose itself also stimulates the dephosphorylation of GS • Via a slightly complex process that involves other kinases and ...
Glycolysis Puzzle: Concept Map of "Splitting of Glucose"
... The PO4 group is removed and transferred to ADP resulting in the production an ______molecule via substrate level phosphorylation. [delta G = -4.0 kcal/mole] ...
... The PO4 group is removed and transferred to ADP resulting in the production an ______molecule via substrate level phosphorylation. [delta G = -4.0 kcal/mole] ...
Review PPT
... of ADP to form ATP stores approximately 7.3 kcal per mole of ATP. What is the approximate efficiency of cellular respiration for a "mutant" organism that produces only 29 moles of ATP for every mole of glucose oxidized, rather than the usual 36-38 moles of ATP? a. 0.4% b. 25% c. 30% d. 40% e. 60% ...
... of ADP to form ATP stores approximately 7.3 kcal per mole of ATP. What is the approximate efficiency of cellular respiration for a "mutant" organism that produces only 29 moles of ATP for every mole of glucose oxidized, rather than the usual 36-38 moles of ATP? a. 0.4% b. 25% c. 30% d. 40% e. 60% ...
Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and Cytochrome chain
... Is the first stage in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Begins with the molecule glucose and ends with two molecules of pyruvic acid (pyruvate). Its scientific name is 2-oxopropanoate. Draw the structural formulae for pyruvic acid ...
... Is the first stage in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Begins with the molecule glucose and ends with two molecules of pyruvic acid (pyruvate). Its scientific name is 2-oxopropanoate. Draw the structural formulae for pyruvic acid ...
Cellular Respiration
... (anaerobic respiration) For example, muscle cells can produce ATP under anaerobic conditions Called Fermentation Involves The anaerobic harvest of food energy ...
... (anaerobic respiration) For example, muscle cells can produce ATP under anaerobic conditions Called Fermentation Involves The anaerobic harvest of food energy ...
Cell Respiration
... If no O2 is available, the pyruvate is converted into waste products that are later removed from the cell. In humans the waste product is LACTATE (lactic acid). In yeast the waste products are ETHANOL and CARBON DIOXIDE. No further ATP is made. ...
... If no O2 is available, the pyruvate is converted into waste products that are later removed from the cell. In humans the waste product is LACTATE (lactic acid). In yeast the waste products are ETHANOL and CARBON DIOXIDE. No further ATP is made. ...
Newby From Patient to Payment 5th Edition Chapter 8
... sources into molecules that enter glycolysis or the citric acid cycle at other points. A) True B) False ...
... sources into molecules that enter glycolysis or the citric acid cycle at other points. A) True B) False ...
Review session for exam-I
... Q20. For each molecule of glucose converted to pyruvate in the glycolytic pathway, ___ molecules of ATP are used initially (Phase I) and ____ molecules of ATP are produced (Phase II) for an overall yield of ___ molecules of ATP/glucose. The "ATP math" is: ...
... Q20. For each molecule of glucose converted to pyruvate in the glycolytic pathway, ___ molecules of ATP are used initially (Phase I) and ____ molecules of ATP are produced (Phase II) for an overall yield of ___ molecules of ATP/glucose. The "ATP math" is: ...
Reaction of glycolysis
... •Reaction is catalyzed by pyruvate kinase •The double bond shift to the oxygen on carbon 2 and a hydrogen shifts to carbon 3 • This reaction is irreversible (control point) ...
... •Reaction is catalyzed by pyruvate kinase •The double bond shift to the oxygen on carbon 2 and a hydrogen shifts to carbon 3 • This reaction is irreversible (control point) ...
Cellular Respiration
... 4. How many usable ATP result from Glycolysis? 5. What is the second stage of CR? 6. Where does the second stage take place? 7. What does the term aerobic mean? ...
... 4. How many usable ATP result from Glycolysis? 5. What is the second stage of CR? 6. Where does the second stage take place? 7. What does the term aerobic mean? ...
biochem 31 [3-20
... by the reverse rxn and then it is converted to PEP by cystosolic PEPCK. 11. What vitamin is required as a cofactor for pyruvate carboxylase? a. Biotin (B7) 12. What enzyme converts fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate? How about glucose 6-phosphate to glucose? Both release Pi a. Fructos ...
... by the reverse rxn and then it is converted to PEP by cystosolic PEPCK. 11. What vitamin is required as a cofactor for pyruvate carboxylase? a. Biotin (B7) 12. What enzyme converts fructose 1,6 bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate? How about glucose 6-phosphate to glucose? Both release Pi a. Fructos ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑