Respiration
... ! The release of free energy by oxidationreduction reactions (and storage of part of that free energy) Example glucose + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O !G=-673 Kcal/mole glucose Through coupled reactions, some of this free energy can be applied to the formation of ATP, NADH. ...
... ! The release of free energy by oxidationreduction reactions (and storage of part of that free energy) Example glucose + O2 ---> CO2 + H2O !G=-673 Kcal/mole glucose Through coupled reactions, some of this free energy can be applied to the formation of ATP, NADH. ...
Use food products in two ways
... cellular work in all living organisms • ATP - not stored - used almost immediately • When ATP used - it changes to a reusable form (ADP) & releases energy - ADP attached to more carbohydrate breakdown products > forms more ATP • Only enough ATP is produced to met cellular ...
... cellular work in all living organisms • ATP - not stored - used almost immediately • When ATP used - it changes to a reusable form (ADP) & releases energy - ADP attached to more carbohydrate breakdown products > forms more ATP • Only enough ATP is produced to met cellular ...
RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS
... • This energy is used to make ATP – NADH 3 ATP – FADH2 2 ATP – O2 is the terminal electron acceptor • ½O2 + 2H+ + 2e- H2O ...
... • This energy is used to make ATP – NADH 3 ATP – FADH2 2 ATP – O2 is the terminal electron acceptor • ½O2 + 2H+ + 2e- H2O ...
respiration
... If it were one simple step, all the energy would be released at once and most would be released as heat or light. This would not provide the cell with the continuous supply of energy the it needs. ...
... If it were one simple step, all the energy would be released at once and most would be released as heat or light. This would not provide the cell with the continuous supply of energy the it needs. ...
1. Why is the Krebs cycle so important in metabolism? The Krebs
... odors that attract insects for pollination. This can also be used to melt snow by plants that emerge in early spring. 4. How do plants and animals benefit from the heat energy released in respiration? Many animals use respiratory heat to help maintain body temperature and insure predictable enzyme c ...
... odors that attract insects for pollination. This can also be used to melt snow by plants that emerge in early spring. 4. How do plants and animals benefit from the heat energy released in respiration? Many animals use respiratory heat to help maintain body temperature and insure predictable enzyme c ...
Document
... (D) Calories = kilocalories, each with enough energy to heat 1 kg water one degree C. Equivalent to body fuel. (E) Nutrients used for growth, repair, maintenance. Macronutrients needed in large quantities: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water. Micronutrients = vitamins and minerals. RDAs (recommen ...
... (D) Calories = kilocalories, each with enough energy to heat 1 kg water one degree C. Equivalent to body fuel. (E) Nutrients used for growth, repair, maintenance. Macronutrients needed in large quantities: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, water. Micronutrients = vitamins and minerals. RDAs (recommen ...
The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle)
... The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle) The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions in mitochondria that oxidize acetyl residues (as acetyl-CoA) and reduce coenzymes that upon reoxidation are linked to the formation of ATP. The citric acid cycle is the final common pathway f ...
... The citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle, tricarboxylic acid cycle) The citric acid cycle is a series of reactions in mitochondria that oxidize acetyl residues (as acetyl-CoA) and reduce coenzymes that upon reoxidation are linked to the formation of ATP. The citric acid cycle is the final common pathway f ...
Energy metabolism
... of fat in liver leading to hyperlipidemia or fatty liver. Since CAC is inhibited, availability of oxalloacetate is also limited, this leads to the inhibition of gluconeogenesis leading to hypoglycemia. Excess of NADH accelerates lactate dh to produce lactic acid leading to ...
... of fat in liver leading to hyperlipidemia or fatty liver. Since CAC is inhibited, availability of oxalloacetate is also limited, this leads to the inhibition of gluconeogenesis leading to hypoglycemia. Excess of NADH accelerates lactate dh to produce lactic acid leading to ...
Cellular Respiration
... Glucose made in photosynthesis by plants or consumed by animals Used in Glycolysis ...
... Glucose made in photosynthesis by plants or consumed by animals Used in Glycolysis ...
Problem Set 3 (Due February 4th) 1. In 1896, Christiaan Eijkman
... some rice has elevated arsenic concentrations. Eijkman spent some time in Jakarta, Indonesia and noted that many of the natives died from a disease we now know as beriberi. He made the connection that this was likely due to the white rice heavy diet. White rice has the husk stripped from it to make ...
... some rice has elevated arsenic concentrations. Eijkman spent some time in Jakarta, Indonesia and noted that many of the natives died from a disease we now know as beriberi. He made the connection that this was likely due to the white rice heavy diet. White rice has the husk stripped from it to make ...
File
... Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Can occur in the cytoplasm of most animal cells, but the liver is the major site for this process Fatty acids are synthesized when the diet is low in fat or high in carbohydrate or protein (most from glucose via pyruvate) A large quantity of NADPH is needed for this process a ...
... Fatty Acid Biosynthesis Can occur in the cytoplasm of most animal cells, but the liver is the major site for this process Fatty acids are synthesized when the diet is low in fat or high in carbohydrate or protein (most from glucose via pyruvate) A large quantity of NADPH is needed for this process a ...
Make It – Break It
... responsible for thinking through all four scenarios, but you are only required to hand in one option. You may work with others to learn the other three options, and be able to prove to me that we don’t need to have a quiz. Make It Portion: From the indicated starting compound(s) use metabolic pathwa ...
... responsible for thinking through all four scenarios, but you are only required to hand in one option. You may work with others to learn the other three options, and be able to prove to me that we don’t need to have a quiz. Make It Portion: From the indicated starting compound(s) use metabolic pathwa ...
Exam 2 Study Guide
... a. Cultivated strawberries have been bred to have eight copies of their genome b. Cultivated strawberries tend to be much smaller than their native counterparts c. Cultivated strawberries have eight chromosomes versus two for their native ...
... a. Cultivated strawberries have been bred to have eight copies of their genome b. Cultivated strawberries tend to be much smaller than their native counterparts c. Cultivated strawberries have eight chromosomes versus two for their native ...
Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration.notebook
... food serves as a source of energy How much energy is actually in food? from one gram sugar (glucose C6H12O6) when burned in the presence of O2, releases 3811 calories of heat energy "burning calories" release energy from glucose and other food ...
... food serves as a source of energy How much energy is actually in food? from one gram sugar (glucose C6H12O6) when burned in the presence of O2, releases 3811 calories of heat energy "burning calories" release energy from glucose and other food ...
September 17 Worksheet Answer Key
... from a source (ie. Plants get energy from the sun, us from food) 2nd -- Transfer of energy increases entropy; ie energy becomes more disordered 2. REVIEW: Briefly describe how ATP hydrolysis releases energy. Bond breaking of the phosphate group requires energy, but the forming of the new Hydrogen bo ...
... from a source (ie. Plants get energy from the sun, us from food) 2nd -- Transfer of energy increases entropy; ie energy becomes more disordered 2. REVIEW: Briefly describe how ATP hydrolysis releases energy. Bond breaking of the phosphate group requires energy, but the forming of the new Hydrogen bo ...
CHAPTER 9 CELLULAR RESPIRATION Life is Work Types of
... How do we maintain the H+ gradient? y That is the function of the electron transport chain y The exergonic flow of electrons from NADH (or FADH2) down to oxygen is used to pump H+ across the ...
... How do we maintain the H+ gradient? y That is the function of the electron transport chain y The exergonic flow of electrons from NADH (or FADH2) down to oxygen is used to pump H+ across the ...
chapter8 - Teacherpage
... Four ATP are formed by substrate-level phosphorylation (net yield of 2 ATP) ...
... Four ATP are formed by substrate-level phosphorylation (net yield of 2 ATP) ...
Review 3
... (deoxy)ribonucleotides • Carbamoyl phosphate and urea • Pyruvate, oxaloacetate, a-ketoglutarate • PRPP ...
... (deoxy)ribonucleotides • Carbamoyl phosphate and urea • Pyruvate, oxaloacetate, a-ketoglutarate • PRPP ...
Fermentation and Biosynthetic Pathways File
... Alcohol fermentation is carried a number of bacteria & yeasts. Organisms that produce lactic acid other acids or alcohols are known as heterolactic (or heterofermentative); often use the pentose phosphate pathway. Glucose + ADP + P —>Lactic acid + Ethanol + CO2+ ATP ...
... Alcohol fermentation is carried a number of bacteria & yeasts. Organisms that produce lactic acid other acids or alcohols are known as heterolactic (or heterofermentative); often use the pentose phosphate pathway. Glucose + ADP + P —>Lactic acid + Ethanol + CO2+ ATP ...
Review for Unit 3 Exam
... glycolysis can occur without the action of enzymes. glycolysis produces so little ATP that the drug will have little effect. bacteria are prokaryotes; they usually don't need to perform glycolysis. human cells must also perform glycolysis; the drug might also kill humans. this step in the pathway of ...
... glycolysis can occur without the action of enzymes. glycolysis produces so little ATP that the drug will have little effect. bacteria are prokaryotes; they usually don't need to perform glycolysis. human cells must also perform glycolysis; the drug might also kill humans. this step in the pathway of ...
Substrate Breakdown
... Glucagon is a hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas Helps to maintain blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (The formation of new glucose) in the liver Secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose levels. Most of its actions are through a ...
... Glucagon is a hormone secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreas Helps to maintain blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis (The formation of new glucose) in the liver Secreted in response to a decrease in blood glucose levels. Most of its actions are through a ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑