Cellular Respiration
... Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a three carbon compound. • Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell. • In the process of breaking glucose in half two molecules of ATP are needed but four molecules of ATP ...
... Glycolysis is the process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, a three carbon compound. • Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm of a cell. • In the process of breaking glucose in half two molecules of ATP are needed but four molecules of ATP ...
RTRI Cellular Respiration
... The Cori cycle refers to the recycling of lactate or lactic acid produced by muscle during anaerobic metabolism. The lactate is converted to glucose by the liver. When the ATP needs of a cell outpace its oxygen supply is limited, muscle cells produce ATP through lactic acid fermentation. This permit ...
... The Cori cycle refers to the recycling of lactate or lactic acid produced by muscle during anaerobic metabolism. The lactate is converted to glucose by the liver. When the ATP needs of a cell outpace its oxygen supply is limited, muscle cells produce ATP through lactic acid fermentation. This permit ...
Chapter 5 - Ellis Benjamin
... • ATP produced through phosphorylation – donor molecule transfers P to ADP • Does not require oxygen (anaerobic) • Net gain of 2 ATPs • Results in 2 pyruvate and 2 NADH molecules per glucose that goes through glycolysis ...
... • ATP produced through phosphorylation – donor molecule transfers P to ADP • Does not require oxygen (anaerobic) • Net gain of 2 ATPs • Results in 2 pyruvate and 2 NADH molecules per glucose that goes through glycolysis ...
Updated Power Point
... a. Explain what happens inside your mitochondria when you lose access to oxygen and why this poses such a dire problem for your cells. b. How is it that some other organisms don’t suffocate in oxygen-free environments, and in fact thrive there? ...
... a. Explain what happens inside your mitochondria when you lose access to oxygen and why this poses such a dire problem for your cells. b. How is it that some other organisms don’t suffocate in oxygen-free environments, and in fact thrive there? ...
Metabolism
... • Cells absorb glucose by facilitated diffusion which is enhanced by insulin (ex. neurons and hepatocytes which continually absorb glucose) – Anabolic synthesis - amino acids, triglycerides (lipogenesis - also a form of storage) – Storage - glycogen (glycogenesis) – Excess excreted Glucose Catabolis ...
... • Cells absorb glucose by facilitated diffusion which is enhanced by insulin (ex. neurons and hepatocytes which continually absorb glucose) – Anabolic synthesis - amino acids, triglycerides (lipogenesis - also a form of storage) – Storage - glycogen (glycogenesis) – Excess excreted Glucose Catabolis ...
Role of aerobic glycolysis in genetically engineered mouse models of cancer Abstract
... The propensity of cancer cells to convert high levels of glucose to lactate through aerobic glycolysis has been intensively studied in vitro, and is now understood to be a metabolic adaptation that shunts glucose carbons toward building blocks for the growing cell, as well as producing ATP. Much les ...
... The propensity of cancer cells to convert high levels of glucose to lactate through aerobic glycolysis has been intensively studied in vitro, and is now understood to be a metabolic adaptation that shunts glucose carbons toward building blocks for the growing cell, as well as producing ATP. Much les ...
Gluconeogenesis
... glucose (cause metabolic acidosis). In conclusion: lipids can spare glucose because they provide for ATP that otherwise would have being synthesized from glucose. However, lipids do not substitute for glucose. We need about l60 grams of glucose per day, 120 grams are needed for the brain and 40 gram ...
... glucose (cause metabolic acidosis). In conclusion: lipids can spare glucose because they provide for ATP that otherwise would have being synthesized from glucose. However, lipids do not substitute for glucose. We need about l60 grams of glucose per day, 120 grams are needed for the brain and 40 gram ...
cellular respiration - Aurora City Schools
... organisms form alcohol and CO2 by the following process: Pyruvic acid + NADH2 → CO2 + ethanol + NAD+ Lactic acid fermentation – Skeletal muscle cells of mammals and some bacteria produce lactic acid. Lactic acid is a harmful chemical than needs to be removed from the muscle ...
... organisms form alcohol and CO2 by the following process: Pyruvic acid + NADH2 → CO2 + ethanol + NAD+ Lactic acid fermentation – Skeletal muscle cells of mammals and some bacteria produce lactic acid. Lactic acid is a harmful chemical than needs to be removed from the muscle ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation
... Metabolic map is a map that shows components of a pathways of metabolism It is useful in tracing connections between pathways ...
... Metabolic map is a map that shows components of a pathways of metabolism It is useful in tracing connections between pathways ...
Cell Respiration SAT II Review
... To ATP in order to perform work (ATP is form of chemical energy that is usable by the cell). ...
... To ATP in order to perform work (ATP is form of chemical energy that is usable by the cell). ...
anaplerotic (replenishing) reactions of the tca cycle - Sigma
... The TCA Cycle is the main source of energy for cells. However, half of the intermediates on which the cycle depends are also the origin of pathways leading to important metabolites such as fatty acids , amino acids or porphyrins. If any of these intermediates are thus diverted the integrity of the c ...
... The TCA Cycle is the main source of energy for cells. However, half of the intermediates on which the cycle depends are also the origin of pathways leading to important metabolites such as fatty acids , amino acids or porphyrins. If any of these intermediates are thus diverted the integrity of the c ...
cellrespNed2012 46 KB
... -pyruvate is actively transported to the matrix where it is converted to acetyl coA. This both releases CO2 and forms NADH. It happens in the mitochondrion and is the critical step for Fueling Krebs (also known as tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) or citric acid cycle): 2 pyruvate 2 acetyl coA. While ...
... -pyruvate is actively transported to the matrix where it is converted to acetyl coA. This both releases CO2 and forms NADH. It happens in the mitochondrion and is the critical step for Fueling Krebs (also known as tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) or citric acid cycle): 2 pyruvate 2 acetyl coA. While ...
Metabolism
... • ATP synthase is the enzyme that makes ATP by chemiosmosis. • It allows protons to pass through the membrane using the kinetic energy to phosphorylate ADP making ATP. • The generation of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs in chloroplasts and mitochondria as well as in some bacteria. ...
... • ATP synthase is the enzyme that makes ATP by chemiosmosis. • It allows protons to pass through the membrane using the kinetic energy to phosphorylate ADP making ATP. • The generation of ATP by chemiosmosis occurs in chloroplasts and mitochondria as well as in some bacteria. ...
PPTX - Bonham Chemistry
... Cellular Respiration: the big picture • process in which cells consume O2 and produce CO2 ...
... Cellular Respiration: the big picture • process in which cells consume O2 and produce CO2 ...
GLUCONEOGENESIS, GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS & DEGRADATION
... and degrades it during exercise. Muscles cannot produce free glucose because they have no glucose-6-phosphatase. Because glycogen degradation produces glucose-6-phosphate without consuming any ATP, anaerobic glycolysis from glycogen produces three rather than two molecules of ATP for each glucos ...
... and degrades it during exercise. Muscles cannot produce free glucose because they have no glucose-6-phosphatase. Because glycogen degradation produces glucose-6-phosphate without consuming any ATP, anaerobic glycolysis from glycogen produces three rather than two molecules of ATP for each glucos ...
File
... – one nucleotide containing ribose and adenine – One nucleotide containing unusual structure involving a linear molecule ribitol (instead of ribose) ...
... – one nucleotide containing ribose and adenine – One nucleotide containing unusual structure involving a linear molecule ribitol (instead of ribose) ...
1- Glycolysis
... In liver – The synthesis and breakdown of glycogen is regulated to maintain blood glucose levels. Glycogenesis: In muscle - The synthesis and breakdown of glycogen is regulated to meet the energy requirements of the muscle cell. ...
... In liver – The synthesis and breakdown of glycogen is regulated to maintain blood glucose levels. Glycogenesis: In muscle - The synthesis and breakdown of glycogen is regulated to meet the energy requirements of the muscle cell. ...
Cellular Respiration
... Differ in how NADH is oxidized to NAD+ Pyruvate leads to next step – depends on presence of O2 Cell respiration includes Krebs and ETC, producing ~19x’s more ATP Faculative Anaerobes: can survive using either process ...
... Differ in how NADH is oxidized to NAD+ Pyruvate leads to next step – depends on presence of O2 Cell respiration includes Krebs and ETC, producing ~19x’s more ATP Faculative Anaerobes: can survive using either process ...
Chemistry of Glycolysis
... B) the oxidation of a molecule of NAD+ to NADH. C) The reduction of phosphate D) The oxidation of glyceraldehyde and formation of a high energy bond 3. Although the standard Gibbs free energy change for the reaction of glyceraldehyde ‐ 3‐P DH is positive (+6.7 kJ/mole), the reaction proceeds to the ...
... B) the oxidation of a molecule of NAD+ to NADH. C) The reduction of phosphate D) The oxidation of glyceraldehyde and formation of a high energy bond 3. Although the standard Gibbs free energy change for the reaction of glyceraldehyde ‐ 3‐P DH is positive (+6.7 kJ/mole), the reaction proceeds to the ...
Ch - wlhs.wlwv.k12.or.us
... ● Catabolic pathways funnel electrons from many kinds of organic molecules into cellular respiration ● Glycolysis accepts ● Proteins must be ...
... ● Catabolic pathways funnel electrons from many kinds of organic molecules into cellular respiration ● Glycolysis accepts ● Proteins must be ...
FINAL EXAM - 09 December 2005
... a mutant form of a bacteria that can synthesize a nutrient which the wild-type bacteria cannot a mutant form of a bacteria that can metabolize a nutrient which the wild-type bacteria cannot a bacteria that can metabolize sugars ...
... a mutant form of a bacteria that can synthesize a nutrient which the wild-type bacteria cannot a mutant form of a bacteria that can metabolize a nutrient which the wild-type bacteria cannot a bacteria that can metabolize sugars ...
A: Objective type questions: Choose the correct answers Most
... Low ATP stimulates the enzyme, but fructose-2,6-bisphosphate inhibits b. High ATP stimulates the enzyme, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates c. High ATP stimulates the enzyme, but fructose-2,6-bisphosphate inhibits d. Low ATP stimulates the enzyme, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates e. ATP ...
... Low ATP stimulates the enzyme, but fructose-2,6-bisphosphate inhibits b. High ATP stimulates the enzyme, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates c. High ATP stimulates the enzyme, but fructose-2,6-bisphosphate inhibits d. Low ATP stimulates the enzyme, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates e. ATP ...
M220 Lecture 11 - Napa Valley College
... Glucose is a highly reduced substrate (many hydrogens). It has the potential to go through many oxidation reactions yielding much energy. (Remember, oxidations are coupled with reductions). Energy is captured in ATP by the process of phosphorylation. Substrate level phosphorylations occur when high ...
... Glucose is a highly reduced substrate (many hydrogens). It has the potential to go through many oxidation reactions yielding much energy. (Remember, oxidations are coupled with reductions). Energy is captured in ATP by the process of phosphorylation. Substrate level phosphorylations occur when high ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑