PGS 160-167
... a. Electrons move 2 at a time DOWN the chain toward OXYGEN. (Make H2O at end.) b. Each NADH can produce 3 ATP in the electron transport chain. c. Each FADH2 can produce 2 ATP in the electron transport chain. d. Free Energy, from the electrons, fuels the active transport of H+ into the inner ...
... a. Electrons move 2 at a time DOWN the chain toward OXYGEN. (Make H2O at end.) b. Each NADH can produce 3 ATP in the electron transport chain. c. Each FADH2 can produce 2 ATP in the electron transport chain. d. Free Energy, from the electrons, fuels the active transport of H+ into the inner ...
Name: Date: Period: ______ Must-Knows: Unit 6 (Enzymes and Cell
... 20. How is oxidative phosphorylation / chemiosmosis (the type of ATP production that occurs in the electron transport chain) different from substrate-level phosphorylation? Is there more or less ATP made during oxidative ...
... 20. How is oxidative phosphorylation / chemiosmosis (the type of ATP production that occurs in the electron transport chain) different from substrate-level phosphorylation? Is there more or less ATP made during oxidative ...
9/2/08 Transcript I - UAB School of Optometry
... Utilized in "Fight or Flight"- If confronted by a lion then you will fight or flee and use this type of process because it does not require any set up time or oxygen. There are 10 rxns which are the same in all cells, but may not happen at same rate. 2 Phases: 1. Converts glucose to two Glycer ...
... Utilized in "Fight or Flight"- If confronted by a lion then you will fight or flee and use this type of process because it does not require any set up time or oxygen. There are 10 rxns which are the same in all cells, but may not happen at same rate. 2 Phases: 1. Converts glucose to two Glycer ...
Unit 2 Metabolism and Survival Summary
... Anabolic (energy requiring) and catabolic (energy releasing) pathways can have reversible or irreversible steps and alternative routes. Membranes form surfaces and compartments for metabolic pathways to allow high concentrations and reaction rates. Protein pores, pumps and enzymes are embedded in th ...
... Anabolic (energy requiring) and catabolic (energy releasing) pathways can have reversible or irreversible steps and alternative routes. Membranes form surfaces and compartments for metabolic pathways to allow high concentrations and reaction rates. Protein pores, pumps and enzymes are embedded in th ...
Cell Respiration State that oxidation involves the loss of electrons
... molecules of ATP are produced when two molecules of pyruvate are formed. Coupled with the loss of two ATP molecules in phosphorylation, the net gain of ATP in glycolysis is two. The triose phosphate is oxidised to form pyruvic acid. The phosphate is donated to ADP to form the ATP. Pyruvic acid is al ...
... molecules of ATP are produced when two molecules of pyruvate are formed. Coupled with the loss of two ATP molecules in phosphorylation, the net gain of ATP in glycolysis is two. The triose phosphate is oxidised to form pyruvic acid. The phosphate is donated to ADP to form the ATP. Pyruvic acid is al ...
Unit 2 Metabolism and Survival Summary
... and substrate affinity and orientation of reactants. Products have a low affinity for the active site which means they are less attracted than substrates. Activation energy is lowered by an enzyme. The direction and rate of enzyme controlled reactions are affected by the substrate concentration and ...
... and substrate affinity and orientation of reactants. Products have a low affinity for the active site which means they are less attracted than substrates. Activation energy is lowered by an enzyme. The direction and rate of enzyme controlled reactions are affected by the substrate concentration and ...
Name the first of the three stages of cellular respiration
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 -‐-‐-‐-‐> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-‐38 ATP ...
... C6H12O6 + 6O2 -‐-‐-‐-‐> 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36-‐38 ATP ...
Respiration
... molecule made available for metabolic process? The ATP molecule is hydrolyzed by enzyme ATPase to ADP and inorganic phosphate molecules. The energy of the high energy bond is released coupling with endogonic biochemical reaction. ATP ADP + Pi + energy Energy is used in an endogonic biochemical rea ...
... molecule made available for metabolic process? The ATP molecule is hydrolyzed by enzyme ATPase to ADP and inorganic phosphate molecules. The energy of the high energy bond is released coupling with endogonic biochemical reaction. ATP ADP + Pi + energy Energy is used in an endogonic biochemical rea ...
Name - wwphs
... Glucose 2 pyruvates 2 ATP 4 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 NADH 6 NAD+ 4 CO2 2 FAD+ 2 ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH2 10 NADH 32-34 ATP 2 FADH2 10 NAD+ 6 O2 2 FAD+ 6 H2 O ...
... Glucose 2 pyruvates 2 ATP 4 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 NADH 6 NAD+ 4 CO2 2 FAD+ 2 ATP 6 NADH 2 FADH2 10 NADH 32-34 ATP 2 FADH2 10 NAD+ 6 O2 2 FAD+ 6 H2 O ...
Ch. 9 - Ltcconline.net
... 1. pyruvic acid diffuses from cytoplasm into mitochondria, 2. it must be altered (converted) to function in CAC. a. it is oxidized while a molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH2 b. simultaneously CO2 is released, turning the substance to one with a 2 C skeleton c. coenzyme A, a sulfer containing compo ...
... 1. pyruvic acid diffuses from cytoplasm into mitochondria, 2. it must be altered (converted) to function in CAC. a. it is oxidized while a molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH2 b. simultaneously CO2 is released, turning the substance to one with a 2 C skeleton c. coenzyme A, a sulfer containing compo ...
Electron transport chains
... • Anaerobic respiration uses an electron transport chain with an electron acceptor other than O2, for example sulfate ...
... • Anaerobic respiration uses an electron transport chain with an electron acceptor other than O2, for example sulfate ...
Kate Buckman Modified session plan: Fermentation: one part in a
... organisms. The breakdown of the sugars to provide energy happens through similar processes in both plants and animals. Initially, through digestion, large molecules are broken down into monomers such as amino acids, sugars, fatty acids or glycerol. The sugars undergo glycolysis. The net result of th ...
... organisms. The breakdown of the sugars to provide energy happens through similar processes in both plants and animals. Initially, through digestion, large molecules are broken down into monomers such as amino acids, sugars, fatty acids or glycerol. The sugars undergo glycolysis. The net result of th ...
use cellular respiration
... prokaryotes probably used glycolysis to make ATP before oxygen was present • Earliest fossil bacteria present 3.5 billion years ago but large amounts of oxygen not present until 2.7 billion years ago • Glycolysis happens in cytoplasm without membrane bound organelles suggests it was found in early p ...
... prokaryotes probably used glycolysis to make ATP before oxygen was present • Earliest fossil bacteria present 3.5 billion years ago but large amounts of oxygen not present until 2.7 billion years ago • Glycolysis happens in cytoplasm without membrane bound organelles suggests it was found in early p ...
Cellular Respiration Packet
... Step 1: breaks 1 molecule of glucose in half, producing 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (a 3-carbon compound) Step 2: 2 NAD+ ; electron carrier accepts 4 high-energy electrons transfers them to 2 NADH molecules and 2 H+ thus passing the energy stored in the glucose Step 3: 4 ADP added producing 4 ATP; n ...
... Step 1: breaks 1 molecule of glucose in half, producing 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (a 3-carbon compound) Step 2: 2 NAD+ ; electron carrier accepts 4 high-energy electrons transfers them to 2 NADH molecules and 2 H+ thus passing the energy stored in the glucose Step 3: 4 ADP added producing 4 ATP; n ...
Photosynthesis
... Photoautotrophs use photosynthesis to produce glucose. Plants, algae, and some bacteria are examples. Aerobic organisms use aerobic cellular respiration to break down glucose to produce ATP. Examples are animals, bacteria, protists, fungi, and plants. Cells can still meet their energy needs when the ...
... Photoautotrophs use photosynthesis to produce glucose. Plants, algae, and some bacteria are examples. Aerobic organisms use aerobic cellular respiration to break down glucose to produce ATP. Examples are animals, bacteria, protists, fungi, and plants. Cells can still meet their energy needs when the ...
Biological importance of Uronic Acid Pathway
... It is an alternative minor pathway for glucose oxidation that does not produce ATP nor utilize it. It aims at producing NADPH+H+ and ribose. It is considered as a shunt from the main stream of glycolysis. Intracellular site and tissue distribution: It is cytosolic in tissues characterized by active ...
... It is an alternative minor pathway for glucose oxidation that does not produce ATP nor utilize it. It aims at producing NADPH+H+ and ribose. It is considered as a shunt from the main stream of glycolysis. Intracellular site and tissue distribution: It is cytosolic in tissues characterized by active ...
RESPIRATION Production of ATP and CO2 by O2 and organic
... Anabolism: building of larger molecules using E Catabolism: breaking down larger molecules and releasing E Aerobic: in the presence of O2, ½ O2 is final e- acceptor Anaerobic: in the absence of O2 Oxidation: removal of eReduction: addition of eC6H12O6 +6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + E (ATP + Heat) This is typi ...
... Anabolism: building of larger molecules using E Catabolism: breaking down larger molecules and releasing E Aerobic: in the presence of O2, ½ O2 is final e- acceptor Anaerobic: in the absence of O2 Oxidation: removal of eReduction: addition of eC6H12O6 +6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + E (ATP + Heat) This is typi ...
Review Guide for Third Exam in Biochemistry 507 (1997)
... Lecture 24: Chemical Sense in Metabolic Pathways 1. Be able to define: homolytic and heterolytic reactions; Sn1 and Sn2 nucleophilic substitutions, carbocation and carbanion. 2. Thioesters: the basis of their high standard free energy of hydrolysis. Lecture 25: ATP and Phosphoryl Group Transfers 1. ...
... Lecture 24: Chemical Sense in Metabolic Pathways 1. Be able to define: homolytic and heterolytic reactions; Sn1 and Sn2 nucleophilic substitutions, carbocation and carbanion. 2. Thioesters: the basis of their high standard free energy of hydrolysis. Lecture 25: ATP and Phosphoryl Group Transfers 1. ...
Chapter 7 Study Guide
... undergoes further oxidation and decarboxylation in the Krebs cycle, which generates ATP, CO2, and large amounts of reduced carriers (NADH and FADH2).The respiratory chain then completes energy extraction and the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is oxygen. In anaerobic respiration, comp ...
... undergoes further oxidation and decarboxylation in the Krebs cycle, which generates ATP, CO2, and large amounts of reduced carriers (NADH and FADH2).The respiratory chain then completes energy extraction and the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is oxygen. In anaerobic respiration, comp ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑