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Cellular Respiration Study Guide Key
1. What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
Where does energy come from in ATP?
Breaking the bonds between the last two phosphates releases the energy in ATP
2. What is metabolism?
All of the chemical reactions in an organism…use of energy
3. Please write the balanced reaction for cellular respiration.
6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
4. What is cellular respiration?
Process of converting organic compounds (glucose/food) into ATP (energy)
5. What types of organisms carry out cellular respiration?
ALL OF THEM!!!
6. Why is cellular respiration important?
Without energy, life functions cannot take place and the organism dies
7. What are the two types of cellular respiration?
Aerobic & Anaerobic
What are the differences in the two?
Aerobic – takes place in mitochondria & requires oxygen
Anaerobic – takes place in cytoplasm & does not require oxygen
What are the similarities in the two?
Both processes begin with Glycolysis and ultimately produce ATP to keep the organism
alive
8. What is the initial molecule that begins cellular respiration?
Glucose (C6H12O6)
In a plant, where does this molecule come from?
Photosynthesis
In an animal, where does this molecule come from?
FOOD!!! Mmm…yum
9. What is the first stage of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis
Where does it take place?
Cytoplasm
In this stage, what happens? (know details)
Break down glucose into two pyruvates
2 ATPs are used and 4 ATPs are made…overall gain of 2 ATP
2 NADH are made and will move on to the Electron Transport Chain to be made into lots
of ATP
How many ATPs are produced?
4 made…2 gained
Does this stage require oxygen? An input of energy?
No oxygen required…2 ATP are used as activation energy
10. Where does aerobic cellular respiration take place?
Mitochondria
What is the waste product produced in of this step(Krebs)?
2 CO2
11. What is the second big step of aerobic cellular respiration?
Krebs Cycle
What is produced in this stage?
2 ATP & 6 NADH & 2 FADH2
What is the waste product in this stage?
CO2
Where is energy being temporarily stored at the end of this cycle?
6 NADH & 2 FADH2
12. In the electron transport chain, what molecules transfer energy to ATP?
NADH & FADH2
Where do these molecules come from?
2 NADH – from Glycolysis
8NADH & 2 FADH2 – from Krebs Cycle
What is the waste product in this step?
NAD+ and FAD+ (to be recycled)…most important waste product is WATER!!!
What is the waste product made from?
Water is made from H’s from NADH & FADH2 and O’s from oxygen that you breathe!
Stage 1
Stage 2
Stage 3
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Used Substances
Produced Substances
Glucose
2 pyruvates
2 ATP
4 ATP
2 NAD+
2 NADH
6 NAD+
4 CO2
2 FAD+
2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2
10 NADH
32-34 ATP
2 FADH2
10 NAD+
6 O2
2 FAD+
6 H2 O
13. If an organism goes through aerobic cellular respiration, how many ATPs does it produce total?
38 ATP
14. When there is not enough oxygen available for aerobic cellular respiration, what happens?
Anaerobic (fermentation) cellular respiration
What are the two types of this process that we learned about? Explain each one.
Lactic Acid Fermentation – pyruvates from Glycolysis are converted into lactic acid – 2 NADH
from Glycolysis are used and turn back into NAD+ to return to Glycolysis
 happens during strenuous exercise if breathing becomes difficult
o causes “the burn” and soreness after exercise
Alcoholic Fermentation – pyruvates from Glycolysis are converted into ethyl alcohol and 2 CO2
– 2 NADH from Glycolysis are used and turn back into NAD+ to return to Glycolysis
 happens in yeast
o used in making alcoholic beverages & bread