Nerve activates contraction
... ultimately passed to O2, generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. • In addition, even more ATP is generated from the oxidation of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle. • Without oxygen, the energy still stored in pyruvate is unavailable to the cell. • Under aerobic respiration, a molecule of glucose yiel ...
... ultimately passed to O2, generating ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. • In addition, even more ATP is generated from the oxidation of pyruvate in the Krebs cycle. • Without oxygen, the energy still stored in pyruvate is unavailable to the cell. • Under aerobic respiration, a molecule of glucose yiel ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY
... • Catalyzes transfer of a phosphoryl group from one part of a substrate molecule to another ...
... • Catalyzes transfer of a phosphoryl group from one part of a substrate molecule to another ...
Unit 3 Study Guide: Energetics
... 7) What is the proton-motive force? How does it result in the formation of ATP? 8) How is chemiosmosis involved in cellular respiration? 9) During respiration, in what pathway does most energy flow? 10) Describe three ways in which fermentation differs from respiration. 11) Sketch and label a chloro ...
... 7) What is the proton-motive force? How does it result in the formation of ATP? 8) How is chemiosmosis involved in cellular respiration? 9) During respiration, in what pathway does most energy flow? 10) Describe three ways in which fermentation differs from respiration. 11) Sketch and label a chloro ...
Text S1.
... Together with glycolysis a cycle is formed which we have designated the phosphoketolase cycle (Figure II-1). In the model, the cycle not only runs on glycerol, but also with glucose (or any other sunstrate that results in glyceraldehyde 3phosphate, the actual substrate of the cycle). To illustrate t ...
... Together with glycolysis a cycle is formed which we have designated the phosphoketolase cycle (Figure II-1). In the model, the cycle not only runs on glycerol, but also with glucose (or any other sunstrate that results in glyceraldehyde 3phosphate, the actual substrate of the cycle). To illustrate t ...
Cellular Respiration
... • Cellular respiration • Use organic compounds such as glucose and oxygen to make cellular energy (ATP) • Waste: CO2 and H2O ...
... • Cellular respiration • Use organic compounds such as glucose and oxygen to make cellular energy (ATP) • Waste: CO2 and H2O ...
Energy Systems and Muscle Fibre Types
... Pi + Energy (this energy will be used to bind Pi + ADP, can not be used for cellular work) CP is in limited supply within the muscle, thus this system supplies a large amount of energy but CP levels decline rapidly as it is used up as the system replenishes ATP stores. ATP-CP system only lasts 3-10s ...
... Pi + Energy (this energy will be used to bind Pi + ADP, can not be used for cellular work) CP is in limited supply within the muscle, thus this system supplies a large amount of energy but CP levels decline rapidly as it is used up as the system replenishes ATP stores. ATP-CP system only lasts 3-10s ...
Q4 Describe the body`s mechanisms for regulating
... Inhibits Hormone Sensitive lipase to decrease the hydrolysis of triglycerides stored in the adipocyte ...
... Inhibits Hormone Sensitive lipase to decrease the hydrolysis of triglycerides stored in the adipocyte ...
electron transport chain
... – Glucose is converted into 2 pyruvate molecules – 2 molecules of ADP are converted into ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation – 2 molecules of AND are reduced to NADH ...
... – Glucose is converted into 2 pyruvate molecules – 2 molecules of ADP are converted into ATP via substrate-level phosphorylation – 2 molecules of AND are reduced to NADH ...
Name Date Period Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting
... 1. Where do organic compounds store energy? How does a cell access this potential energy? ...
... 1. Where do organic compounds store energy? How does a cell access this potential energy? ...
Theory21_30
... Insulin is essential for glycogen synthesis in muscle, but not liver The concentration of glucose 6-phosphate can rise high enough in liver to stimulate glycogen synthase, but this does not happen in muscle A build up of glucose 6-phosphate inhibits further glucose trapping in muscle, but not liver ...
... Insulin is essential for glycogen synthesis in muscle, but not liver The concentration of glucose 6-phosphate can rise high enough in liver to stimulate glycogen synthase, but this does not happen in muscle A build up of glucose 6-phosphate inhibits further glucose trapping in muscle, but not liver ...
Food Utilization
... • Ingested chemical used for growth, repair or maintenance • Macronutrients • Micronutrients • Recommended daily allowances (RDA) – safe estimate of daily intake for standard needs • Essential nutrients can not be synthesized – minerals, vitamins, 8 amino acids and 1-3 fatty acids ...
... • Ingested chemical used for growth, repair or maintenance • Macronutrients • Micronutrients • Recommended daily allowances (RDA) – safe estimate of daily intake for standard needs • Essential nutrients can not be synthesized – minerals, vitamins, 8 amino acids and 1-3 fatty acids ...
Title
... a) completely independent of the cell they are in b) completely dependent of the cell they are in c) hold all the DNA of a cell - mitochondria and chloroplast have their own DNA while our DNA is in the nucleus d) are only slightly dependent on the cell they are in - need input, but can divide on own ...
... a) completely independent of the cell they are in b) completely dependent of the cell they are in c) hold all the DNA of a cell - mitochondria and chloroplast have their own DNA while our DNA is in the nucleus d) are only slightly dependent on the cell they are in - need input, but can divide on own ...
Cellular Respiration
... - Throughout glycolysis, glucose is phosphorylated to increase its potential energy. The addition of each phosphate group makes the overall molecule more unstable. - Kinases transfer phosphate groups from one molecule to another (whether it be a phosphate group from ATP or from FBP) - Substrate-l ...
... - Throughout glycolysis, glucose is phosphorylated to increase its potential energy. The addition of each phosphate group makes the overall molecule more unstable. - Kinases transfer phosphate groups from one molecule to another (whether it be a phosphate group from ATP or from FBP) - Substrate-l ...
Khan Academy 15min cell respiration
... The uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation from electron transport generates heat. Hibernating animals and new borne animals (including human beings) contain brown adipose tissue. The adipose tissue is brown due to the high mitochondria content of the tissue. A protein called thermogenin uncouples ...
... The uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation from electron transport generates heat. Hibernating animals and new borne animals (including human beings) contain brown adipose tissue. The adipose tissue is brown due to the high mitochondria content of the tissue. A protein called thermogenin uncouples ...
Chapter 1 The Framework of Biology
... ATP is made across the inner membrane of mitochondria. Oxidative phosphorylation involves an electron transport chain embedded in a mitochondrial membrane in which H+ ions are concentrated on one side of the membrane using high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2. ATP is formed by ATP synthase powe ...
... ATP is made across the inner membrane of mitochondria. Oxidative phosphorylation involves an electron transport chain embedded in a mitochondrial membrane in which H+ ions are concentrated on one side of the membrane using high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2. ATP is formed by ATP synthase powe ...
4.4 Overview of Cellular Respiration I. Respiration
... b. energy is used to transport hydrogen ions across the inner membrane c. hydrogen ions flow through a channel in the membrane ...
... b. energy is used to transport hydrogen ions across the inner membrane c. hydrogen ions flow through a channel in the membrane ...
Game project (1)
... general term for an enzyme that can synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate and release it using a form of energy. Return ...
... general term for an enzyme that can synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate and release it using a form of energy. Return ...
POWERPOINT JEOPARDY
... it work? Adenosine triphosphate, it releases energy (7.3 kcal/mole) when a phosphate is broken off the triphosphate tail ...
... it work? Adenosine triphosphate, it releases energy (7.3 kcal/mole) when a phosphate is broken off the triphosphate tail ...
Workshop3Cellsans
... If electron transport doesn't produce ATP, then much more sugar must be metabolized for energy needs. Very low production of ATP would be lethal. In oxidative phosphorylation, the flow of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen results in the pumping of H+ from the matrix to the inner membrane space ...
... If electron transport doesn't produce ATP, then much more sugar must be metabolized for energy needs. Very low production of ATP would be lethal. In oxidative phosphorylation, the flow of electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen results in the pumping of H+ from the matrix to the inner membrane space ...
Cell Respiration Student Notes
... • Occurs in the __________ of the mitochondria • Is the transition between _________and the citric acid cycle. • _______________ (made during glycolysis) is converted to acetyl CoA, and CO2 is released • NAD+ is converted to NADH + H+ • The transition reaction occurs ________ per glucose molecule. ...
... • Occurs in the __________ of the mitochondria • Is the transition between _________and the citric acid cycle. • _______________ (made during glycolysis) is converted to acetyl CoA, and CO2 is released • NAD+ is converted to NADH + H+ • The transition reaction occurs ________ per glucose molecule. ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑