Short Answer Questions: a workshop
... Lactic acid is a product of anaerobic respiration. This occurs when oxygen is starved. Glycolysis of glucose to pyruvate produces a net gain of 2 ATP. Also, in glycolysis, NAD is reduced to form NADH. The conversion of pyruvate produces NAD+ from NADH so NAD+ can be recycled. ATP is an energy interm ...
... Lactic acid is a product of anaerobic respiration. This occurs when oxygen is starved. Glycolysis of glucose to pyruvate produces a net gain of 2 ATP. Also, in glycolysis, NAD is reduced to form NADH. The conversion of pyruvate produces NAD+ from NADH so NAD+ can be recycled. ATP is an energy interm ...
NME2.29 - Fat and Carbohydrate Metabolism 2
... Fatty acids mobilised by lipolysis are exported from adipocytes to liver and muscle o In the cytosol fatty acids are combined with coenzyme A to form acyl-CoA o This conversion is coupled to transport into the mitochondria by acyl-CoA synthase Carnitine is used to transport acyl-CoA into mitochondri ...
... Fatty acids mobilised by lipolysis are exported from adipocytes to liver and muscle o In the cytosol fatty acids are combined with coenzyme A to form acyl-CoA o This conversion is coupled to transport into the mitochondria by acyl-CoA synthase Carnitine is used to transport acyl-CoA into mitochondri ...
Solution Worksheet Respiration
... Chemical reactions that involve the loss of hydrogen and electrons are called oxidation reactions. Chemical reactions that result in the uptake of hydrogen and electrons are called reduction reactions. In general, the breaking down of larger molecules into smaller molecules are oxidation reactions. ...
... Chemical reactions that involve the loss of hydrogen and electrons are called oxidation reactions. Chemical reactions that result in the uptake of hydrogen and electrons are called reduction reactions. In general, the breaking down of larger molecules into smaller molecules are oxidation reactions. ...
Chapter 5 Notes:
... E. Chlorophylls and other pigments involved in absorption of solar energy reside within thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts F. Enzymes are specialized proteins that are necessary for metabolic processes like PHOTOSYNTHESIS because they lower the activation energy needed and control the rate of react ...
... E. Chlorophylls and other pigments involved in absorption of solar energy reside within thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts F. Enzymes are specialized proteins that are necessary for metabolic processes like PHOTOSYNTHESIS because they lower the activation energy needed and control the rate of react ...
I-1 I. Introduction BIOCHEMISTRY = METABOLISM At first you may
... apparatus. The ATP is then utilized either to service the energetic and biosynthetic needs of the cell - or converted into storage forms such as phosphocreatine. The electron-transfer and ATP-synthesizing enzymes are integrated into the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, and they depend upon the i ...
... apparatus. The ATP is then utilized either to service the energetic and biosynthetic needs of the cell - or converted into storage forms such as phosphocreatine. The electron-transfer and ATP-synthesizing enzymes are integrated into the inner membrane of the mitochondrion, and they depend upon the i ...
Chapter #9 Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
... 2. Cellular respiration is sometimes defined as including only the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. II. Glycolysis Harvests Chemical Energy by Oxidizing Glucose to Pyruvate 1. The term glycolysis means “sugar splitting.” 2. Glycolysis can be divided into two phases: energy investment ...
... 2. Cellular respiration is sometimes defined as including only the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. II. Glycolysis Harvests Chemical Energy by Oxidizing Glucose to Pyruvate 1. The term glycolysis means “sugar splitting.” 2. Glycolysis can be divided into two phases: energy investment ...
Final Review - Chemistry Courses: About: Department of
... 14.Electron transport, ATP synthase, P/O ratio 15. purpose of light reactions, dark reactions 16. energetics of FA synthesis and degradation 17. nitrogen processing, catabolism of AA 18. medical applications of nucleotide metabolism 19. nucleic acid structure on atomic level ...
... 14.Electron transport, ATP synthase, P/O ratio 15. purpose of light reactions, dark reactions 16. energetics of FA synthesis and degradation 17. nitrogen processing, catabolism of AA 18. medical applications of nucleotide metabolism 19. nucleic acid structure on atomic level ...
I. Background - Berks Catholic
... The 4 c compound is oxidized by FAD to form FADH2 The 4 c compound is oxidized and NADH is formed If more acetyl CO A enters, citric acid is formed Reactants Acetyl CO A ADP NAD FAD Products – why is everything counted twice 2 ATP’s 2 FADH2 6 NADH’s 4 carbon dioxides ...
... The 4 c compound is oxidized by FAD to form FADH2 The 4 c compound is oxidized and NADH is formed If more acetyl CO A enters, citric acid is formed Reactants Acetyl CO A ADP NAD FAD Products – why is everything counted twice 2 ATP’s 2 FADH2 6 NADH’s 4 carbon dioxides ...
Document
... a. High levels of glucose-6-phosphate inhibit hexokinase, which stops the addition of a phosphate group to glucose in reaction 1. b. Phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes the formation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, is inhibited by high levels of ATP, and activated by high levels of ADP and AMP. c. Hi ...
... a. High levels of glucose-6-phosphate inhibit hexokinase, which stops the addition of a phosphate group to glucose in reaction 1. b. Phosphofructokinase, which catalyzes the formation of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, is inhibited by high levels of ATP, and activated by high levels of ADP and AMP. c. Hi ...
i. introduction to metabolism and catabolism
... D. Humans use the homolactic acid fermentation pathway 1. Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules via glycolysis a) This produces a net of 2 ATP and 2 NADH 2. Each NADH reduces a pyruvate molecule a) This recycles NADH back to NAD b) When reduced, the pyruvate becomes lactic acid E. Some ye ...
... D. Humans use the homolactic acid fermentation pathway 1. Glucose is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules via glycolysis a) This produces a net of 2 ATP and 2 NADH 2. Each NADH reduces a pyruvate molecule a) This recycles NADH back to NAD b) When reduced, the pyruvate becomes lactic acid E. Some ye ...
Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration Using the
... – Many microorganisms use glycolysis to make ATP and fermentation to regenerate NAD+ – Yeast switches to alcoholic fermentation if O2 is not available • Wine and beer ...
... – Many microorganisms use glycolysis to make ATP and fermentation to regenerate NAD+ – Yeast switches to alcoholic fermentation if O2 is not available • Wine and beer ...
Study guide Unit 4 Energy Cellular Repsiration KEY
... 11. What is the job of the mitochondria? MITOCHONDRIA ARE THE “ENERGY FACTORIES” OF THE CELL. THEIR JOB IS TO PRODUCE ATP. 12. Compare and Contrast ADP and ATP ATP – 3 PHOSPHATES – HIGH ENERGY BOND BETWEEN 2ND AND 3RD ADP – 2 PHOSPHATES BOTH HAVE ADENINE AND RIBOSE; ADP IS THE MOLECULE CREATED WHEN ...
... 11. What is the job of the mitochondria? MITOCHONDRIA ARE THE “ENERGY FACTORIES” OF THE CELL. THEIR JOB IS TO PRODUCE ATP. 12. Compare and Contrast ADP and ATP ATP – 3 PHOSPHATES – HIGH ENERGY BOND BETWEEN 2ND AND 3RD ADP – 2 PHOSPHATES BOTH HAVE ADENINE AND RIBOSE; ADP IS THE MOLECULE CREATED WHEN ...
Ch 9 chapter summary
... The word glycolysis literally means “sugar-breaking.” The end result is 2 molecules of a 3carbon molecule called pyruvic acid. • 2 ATP molecules are used at the start of glycolysis to get the process started. • High-energy electrons are passed to the electron carrier NAD+, forming two molecules of N ...
... The word glycolysis literally means “sugar-breaking.” The end result is 2 molecules of a 3carbon molecule called pyruvic acid. • 2 ATP molecules are used at the start of glycolysis to get the process started. • High-energy electrons are passed to the electron carrier NAD+, forming two molecules of N ...
Cell Respiration and Fermentation PPT
... – Usually divided into two categories. Catabolism and Anabolism − Catabolism: breaking down & releasing energy − Anabolism: building up & requires energy ...
... – Usually divided into two categories. Catabolism and Anabolism − Catabolism: breaking down & releasing energy − Anabolism: building up & requires energy ...
chapter8powerpointle
... Each acetyl oxidized to two CO2 molecules Remaining 4 carbons from oxaloacetate converted back to oxaloacetate (thus “cyclic”) ...
... Each acetyl oxidized to two CO2 molecules Remaining 4 carbons from oxaloacetate converted back to oxaloacetate (thus “cyclic”) ...
Biology Ch. 6 Cellular Respiration Notes Glycolysis: “Glucose splits”
... LT3d Explain three lines of evidence that leads scientists to think that glycolysis is an ancient process? Universal: all organisms use it therefore it evolved very early and was passed down. ...
... LT3d Explain three lines of evidence that leads scientists to think that glycolysis is an ancient process? Universal: all organisms use it therefore it evolved very early and was passed down. ...
Mock Exam 2 BY 123 - Cusic Supplemental Instruction
... 23. What class of enzyme is responsible for moving phosphate groups? a. Kinase b. Isomerase c. Dehydrogenase d. None of the above 24. What class of enzyme is responsible for the movement of electrons? a. Kinase b. Isomerase c. Dehydrogenase d. None of the above 25. What is reduced in the photosynth ...
... 23. What class of enzyme is responsible for moving phosphate groups? a. Kinase b. Isomerase c. Dehydrogenase d. None of the above 24. What class of enzyme is responsible for the movement of electrons? a. Kinase b. Isomerase c. Dehydrogenase d. None of the above 25. What is reduced in the photosynth ...
VEN124 Section III
... molecules, during which energy is released and recaptured in the form of ATP. ...
... molecules, during which energy is released and recaptured in the form of ATP. ...
19_Glycolysis, aerobic oxidation of glucose
... transformed to pyruvate with production of a small amount of energy in the form of ATP or NADH. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process (it does not require oxygen). Glycolysis pathway is used by anaerobic as well as aerobic organisms. In glycolysis one molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules ...
... transformed to pyruvate with production of a small amount of energy in the form of ATP or NADH. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process (it does not require oxygen). Glycolysis pathway is used by anaerobic as well as aerobic organisms. In glycolysis one molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules ...
Ch 07 Microbial Metabolism
... • They are coenzymes for Oxidoreductases (= enzymes that remove electrons from one substrate and add them to another) ...
... • They are coenzymes for Oxidoreductases (= enzymes that remove electrons from one substrate and add them to another) ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑