(18 pts) Pyruvate can be converted to a variety of othe
... immediate energy source for the production of ATP in each of these processes. Explain. In oxidative phosphorylation, the immediate source of energy is the proton gradient, with a higher concentration of protons on the outside of the membrane than the inside. The process of protons moving across the ...
... immediate energy source for the production of ATP in each of these processes. Explain. In oxidative phosphorylation, the immediate source of energy is the proton gradient, with a higher concentration of protons on the outside of the membrane than the inside. The process of protons moving across the ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... From here, pyruvate is eventually converted back to glucose and returned to muscle cells or stored as glycogen. ...
... From here, pyruvate is eventually converted back to glucose and returned to muscle cells or stored as glycogen. ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... From here, pyruvate is eventually converted back to glucose and returned to muscle cells or stored as glycogen. ...
... From here, pyruvate is eventually converted back to glucose and returned to muscle cells or stored as glycogen. ...
Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle Krebs Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation
... NADH (~ 3 ATP after ET) Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs Cycle Anaerobic: occurs in cytoplasm Pyruvate + NADH → Lactate + NAD+ no ATP produced; makes NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue Part of the Cori Cycle at right ...
... NADH (~ 3 ATP after ET) Acetyl-CoA enters the Krebs Cycle Anaerobic: occurs in cytoplasm Pyruvate + NADH → Lactate + NAD+ no ATP produced; makes NAD+ needed for glycolysis to continue Part of the Cori Cycle at right ...
cellular respiration
... • Glycolysis releases energy, but also needs energy (needs 2 ATP, makes 4) • 4 high energy electrons are removed and carried by NAD+ (NADP+ in psyth) to other molecules ...
... • Glycolysis releases energy, but also needs energy (needs 2 ATP, makes 4) • 4 high energy electrons are removed and carried by NAD+ (NADP+ in psyth) to other molecules ...
H &
... of chemical reactionsby which glucose,a six-carbon sugar,is cleauedto two moleculesof pyruuate, a three-carbonacid. Biochemists usually call organic acids produced in metabolism by the names of their dissociatedforms, since these are the forms that exist at pH 7.0. P1'ruvateis simply the anion of py ...
... of chemical reactionsby which glucose,a six-carbon sugar,is cleauedto two moleculesof pyruuate, a three-carbonacid. Biochemists usually call organic acids produced in metabolism by the names of their dissociatedforms, since these are the forms that exist at pH 7.0. P1'ruvateis simply the anion of py ...
Cellular Respiration
... Cellular respiration is the oxidative, chemical attack on energy-rich molecules to provide useful energy for the cell. Enzymes catalyze the oxidation reactions. These reactions are known as catabolic reactions because they break molecules down to release energy. Anaerobic respiration The first part ...
... Cellular respiration is the oxidative, chemical attack on energy-rich molecules to provide useful energy for the cell. Enzymes catalyze the oxidation reactions. These reactions are known as catabolic reactions because they break molecules down to release energy. Anaerobic respiration The first part ...
05 Cell Respiration Fermentation Anaerobic and
... • Obligate anaerobes carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of O2 • Yeast and many bacteria are facultative anaerobes, meaning that they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration • In a facultative anaerobe, pyruvate is a fork in the me ...
... • Obligate anaerobes carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of O2 • Yeast and many bacteria are facultative anaerobes, meaning that they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration • In a facultative anaerobe, pyruvate is a fork in the me ...
anaerobic respiration
... produces about 20 times more ATP than Anaerobic respiration. But anaerobic respiration provides the ATP we need if we need short bursts of energy. Click here. ...
... produces about 20 times more ATP than Anaerobic respiration. But anaerobic respiration provides the ATP we need if we need short bursts of energy. Click here. ...
Bioenergetics and Metabolism
... structures, draw them if you like, or visualize them in your head. ...
... structures, draw them if you like, or visualize them in your head. ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... Fermentation: Anaerobic Respiration Without O2 all that is left is NADH, Pyruvate, and Glucose with nowhere to go. ...
... Fermentation: Anaerobic Respiration Without O2 all that is left is NADH, Pyruvate, and Glucose with nowhere to go. ...
Hughes respiration homework (2)
... 4. How can we obtain energy from food we eat? Where specifically is the energy in foods? Our bodies digest the food we eat by mixing it with fluids (acids and enzymes) in the stomach. When the stomach digests food, the carbohydrate (sugars and starches) in the food breaks down into another type of s ...
... 4. How can we obtain energy from food we eat? Where specifically is the energy in foods? Our bodies digest the food we eat by mixing it with fluids (acids and enzymes) in the stomach. When the stomach digests food, the carbohydrate (sugars and starches) in the food breaks down into another type of s ...
Respiratory Substrates
... • Number of hydrogen atoms per mole accepted by NAD then used in electron transport chain is slightly more than the number of hydrogen atoms per mole of glucose, so proteins release slightly more energy than equivalent masses of glucose ...
... • Number of hydrogen atoms per mole accepted by NAD then used in electron transport chain is slightly more than the number of hydrogen atoms per mole of glucose, so proteins release slightly more energy than equivalent masses of glucose ...
2 ATP - The Driggers Dirt
... Comparison of the main types of energy releasing pathways ATP can be made by aerobic or anaerobic mechanisms (with or without oxygen). ...
... Comparison of the main types of energy releasing pathways ATP can be made by aerobic or anaerobic mechanisms (with or without oxygen). ...
Respiration
... be used by the cell for the biosynthesis of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. The energy ...
... be used by the cell for the biosynthesis of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. The energy ...
Cellular Respiration
... 7. Where do both of these energy-producing steps occur within the cell? (Cytoplasm or mitochondria) ...
... 7. Where do both of these energy-producing steps occur within the cell? (Cytoplasm or mitochondria) ...
NOTES: Ch 9, part 4
... presence or absence of oxygen (e.g. yeast or bacteria that make yogurt, cheese; our muscle cells at the cellular level) ...
... presence or absence of oxygen (e.g. yeast or bacteria that make yogurt, cheese; our muscle cells at the cellular level) ...
Cellular Respiration PowerPoint
... 7. Where do both of these energy-producing steps occur within the cell? (Cytoplasm or mitochondria) ...
... 7. Where do both of these energy-producing steps occur within the cell? (Cytoplasm or mitochondria) ...
27. GE_7.27 Gluconeo.. - College of Pharmacy at Howard University
... Muscle hexokinases I and II are allosteric ally inhibited by their product, glucose 6phosphate, so whenever the cellular concentration of glucose 6-phosphate rises above its normal level, these isozymes are temporarily and reversibly inhibited, bringing the rate of glucose 6-phosphate formation in ...
... Muscle hexokinases I and II are allosteric ally inhibited by their product, glucose 6phosphate, so whenever the cellular concentration of glucose 6-phosphate rises above its normal level, these isozymes are temporarily and reversibly inhibited, bringing the rate of glucose 6-phosphate formation in ...
PPT slides - USD Biology
... • Carbohydrates = Glycolysis Pyruvate Acetyl CoA to Krebs (pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is catalyzed by Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ...
... • Carbohydrates = Glycolysis Pyruvate Acetyl CoA to Krebs (pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is catalyzed by Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ...
III. Metabolism
... dihydroxyaceton phosphate by fructose 1-phosphate aldolase. Glyceraldehyde is phosphorylated by triose kinase and ATP to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. ...
... dihydroxyaceton phosphate by fructose 1-phosphate aldolase. Glyceraldehyde is phosphorylated by triose kinase and ATP to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. ...
Lecture 2: Glycolysis Part 1 - Berkeley MCB
... [STEP 3] Phosphofructokinase (PFK). Adds second phosphate group onto the 1 position. Fructose 6-phosphate + ATP fructose-1,6bisphosphate Mechanism. Typical kinase reaction. Energetics. Large free energy change typical of kinase due to the phosphoryl transfer potential of ATP, generating a low ener ...
... [STEP 3] Phosphofructokinase (PFK). Adds second phosphate group onto the 1 position. Fructose 6-phosphate + ATP fructose-1,6bisphosphate Mechanism. Typical kinase reaction. Energetics. Large free energy change typical of kinase due to the phosphoryl transfer potential of ATP, generating a low ener ...
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
... protein chain and slowly release energy that is used to form ATP and water molecules • Electron Transport Chain transfers the most energy ...
... protein chain and slowly release energy that is used to form ATP and water molecules • Electron Transport Chain transfers the most energy ...
Energy Exam Review - Lewiston School District
... glucose is converted to pyruvate? A).chemiosmotic theory B).fermentation C).glycolysis D).the Krebs cycle E).none of the above C. Glycolysis ...
... glucose is converted to pyruvate? A).chemiosmotic theory B).fermentation C).glycolysis D).the Krebs cycle E).none of the above C. Glycolysis ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑