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... Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H+ → pyruvate + ATP Pyruvate + NADH + H+ → lactate + NAD+ In relation to this assay procedure, which one of the following statements is correct？ (A)Of the two enzymes, pyruvate kinase should be in excess. (B)The reaction could be followed by measuring the increase in abso ...
... Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP + H+ → pyruvate + ATP Pyruvate + NADH + H+ → lactate + NAD+ In relation to this assay procedure, which one of the following statements is correct？ (A)Of the two enzymes, pyruvate kinase should be in excess. (B)The reaction could be followed by measuring the increase in abso ...
The Krebs Cycle - County Central High School
... Why is this organelle so important for cellular respiration? It is important because it is where 3 of the stages occur and it is the power-house of the cell creating large quantities of ATP ...
... Why is this organelle so important for cellular respiration? It is important because it is where 3 of the stages occur and it is the power-house of the cell creating large quantities of ATP ...
Gluconeogenesis
... The reverse of glycolysis is 2 Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2 NADH + 2H+ + 2H20 a glucose +2ADP +2Pi + 2 NAD + (DG = +74 kJ/mol) This is thermodynamically unfavorable, so energetically unfavorable steps in the reverse glyolysis reaction are replaced and energy is added in the form of GTP and ATP to give: ...
... The reverse of glycolysis is 2 Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2 NADH + 2H+ + 2H20 a glucose +2ADP +2Pi + 2 NAD + (DG = +74 kJ/mol) This is thermodynamically unfavorable, so energetically unfavorable steps in the reverse glyolysis reaction are replaced and energy is added in the form of GTP and ATP to give: ...
2.-lactic-acid-metabolism
... In the absence of oxygen, neither the citric acid cycle nor the electron transport chain can occur! Therefore a cells only source of ATP is through glycolysis. When glucose is broken down into pyruvate, 2 ATP and 2NADH are made. This is followed by the conversion of pyruvate into lactic acid ...
... In the absence of oxygen, neither the citric acid cycle nor the electron transport chain can occur! Therefore a cells only source of ATP is through glycolysis. When glucose is broken down into pyruvate, 2 ATP and 2NADH are made. This is followed by the conversion of pyruvate into lactic acid ...
Recitation Presentation #7 - McKenna`s MBios 303 Archive Site
... What are Oxidation and Reduction? Oxidation: Loss of electrons Reduction: Gain of electrons ...
... What are Oxidation and Reduction? Oxidation: Loss of electrons Reduction: Gain of electrons ...
Chapter 5, part A
... Oxidation-Reduction and PhosphorylationDephosphorylation reactions Oxidation-Reduction involved removal and addition of electrons to molecules • Oxidation is the removal of electrons. • Reduction is the gain of electrons. • Redox reaction is an oxidation reaction paired with a ...
... Oxidation-Reduction and PhosphorylationDephosphorylation reactions Oxidation-Reduction involved removal and addition of electrons to molecules • Oxidation is the removal of electrons. • Reduction is the gain of electrons. • Redox reaction is an oxidation reaction paired with a ...
CK12 Homework Sections 1.27 to 1.30 Section 1.27 Glycolysis 1
... Fermentation is making ATP without oxygen, which involves glycolysis only. 2. Name two types of fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation. 3. What is the main advantage of aerobic respiration? Of anaerobic respiration? Most living things use oxygen to make ATP from glucose. H ...
... Fermentation is making ATP without oxygen, which involves glycolysis only. 2. Name two types of fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation. 3. What is the main advantage of aerobic respiration? Of anaerobic respiration? Most living things use oxygen to make ATP from glucose. H ...
Exam I Review - Iowa State University
... a. increasing the percentage of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane. b. decreasing the number of hydrophobic proteins in the membrane. c. increasing the percentage of saturated phospholipids in the membrane. d. A and B are both correct. A function of mitochondria in plant cells is a. to catab ...
... a. increasing the percentage of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane. b. decreasing the number of hydrophobic proteins in the membrane. c. increasing the percentage of saturated phospholipids in the membrane. d. A and B are both correct. A function of mitochondria in plant cells is a. to catab ...
Exam I Review - Iowa State University
... One way that winter wheat (and many other organisms) keep cell membranes fluid when environmental temperatures drop in fall and winter is by *a. increasing the percentage of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane. b. decreasing the number of hydrophobic proteins in the membrane. c. increasing th ...
... One way that winter wheat (and many other organisms) keep cell membranes fluid when environmental temperatures drop in fall and winter is by *a. increasing the percentage of unsaturated phospholipids in the membrane. b. decreasing the number of hydrophobic proteins in the membrane. c. increasing th ...
Citric Acid Cycle Overview of Cycle Fate of Acetyl CoA
... • Synthetase means ATP (GTP) involved • High energy bond used to do substrate‐ level phosphorylation ...
... • Synthetase means ATP (GTP) involved • High energy bond used to do substrate‐ level phosphorylation ...
Nutrients
... consume Anabolism – combining small organic compounds into larger ones; reactions are endergonic (requires energy) and consume more energy than they produce Chemical reactions of living systems depend on efficiently transforming energy from one molecule to another. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) accom ...
... consume Anabolism – combining small organic compounds into larger ones; reactions are endergonic (requires energy) and consume more energy than they produce Chemical reactions of living systems depend on efficiently transforming energy from one molecule to another. ATP (adenosine triphosphate) accom ...
biochem
... hyperventilate .Lab investigations reveal metabolic acidosis, increased anion gap and high lactate levels. These findings are best explained by low activity of ...
... hyperventilate .Lab investigations reveal metabolic acidosis, increased anion gap and high lactate levels. These findings are best explained by low activity of ...
Lactic Acid Fermentation
... As you can see in the above diagram, Glycolysis makes 2 ATP (net) and 2 NADH which would normally be used in the ETC but there are no ETC in prokaryotes and there is no oxygen available for yeast so the NADH builds up and NAD+ runs out. If NAD+ runs out, glycolysis itself will stop and there will be ...
... As you can see in the above diagram, Glycolysis makes 2 ATP (net) and 2 NADH which would normally be used in the ETC but there are no ETC in prokaryotes and there is no oxygen available for yeast so the NADH builds up and NAD+ runs out. If NAD+ runs out, glycolysis itself will stop and there will be ...
Cellular respiration occurs in three stages
... The NET RESULTS of the Aerobic Respiration 1. Each NADH produces 3 ATP (remember 8 NADH were created in the Krebs Cycle and 2 in Glycolysis) 2. Each FADH2 produces 2 ATP (remember 2 FADH2 were created in the Kreb's Cycle) 3. Do the math, 34 ATP produced in the ETC + 2 from glycolysis + 2 from Krebs ...
... The NET RESULTS of the Aerobic Respiration 1. Each NADH produces 3 ATP (remember 8 NADH were created in the Krebs Cycle and 2 in Glycolysis) 2. Each FADH2 produces 2 ATP (remember 2 FADH2 were created in the Kreb's Cycle) 3. Do the math, 34 ATP produced in the ETC + 2 from glycolysis + 2 from Krebs ...
Inked Outline
... In many cases the sugar monomers are ultimately metabolized either by glycolysis or another pathway to generate pyruvate. ...
... In many cases the sugar monomers are ultimately metabolized either by glycolysis or another pathway to generate pyruvate. ...
Cell Respiration - Hollidaysburg Area School District
... burning sensation, but only temporarily • Broken down into ____ and _____ by liver ...
... burning sensation, but only temporarily • Broken down into ____ and _____ by liver ...
AP Biology Ch 9 Cell Respiration J. Dolce Study Questions Identify
... What happens to most of the energy released during cell respiration? Alcoholic fermentation is utilized by what organisms? Lactic acid fermentation is utilized by what organisms? Write the summary equation for cellular respiration: a. Where did the glucose come from? b. Where did the O2 come from? c ...
... What happens to most of the energy released during cell respiration? Alcoholic fermentation is utilized by what organisms? Lactic acid fermentation is utilized by what organisms? Write the summary equation for cellular respiration: a. Where did the glucose come from? b. Where did the O2 come from? c ...
Metabolism III
... In eucaryotes, anabolic and catabolic reactions located in separate compartments – allows pathways to operate simultaneously but independently ...
... In eucaryotes, anabolic and catabolic reactions located in separate compartments – allows pathways to operate simultaneously but independently ...
Cell Respiration
... converted into glucose three-phosphate, which requires two ATP molecules. The remaining four steps involve splitting the six-carbon molecule into two three-carbon molecules. B. Glucose, a six-carbon sugar, enters the cell by active transport and is primed and converted into glucose three-phosphate, ...
... converted into glucose three-phosphate, which requires two ATP molecules. The remaining four steps involve splitting the six-carbon molecule into two three-carbon molecules. B. Glucose, a six-carbon sugar, enters the cell by active transport and is primed and converted into glucose three-phosphate, ...
File - Pedersen Science
... 18. About how many ATP are made from one glucose molecule during the process of cellular respiration? 19. What three reasons are given to explain the inexact amount of ATP produced? Concept 9.5: During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis 20. Compare t ...
... 18. About how many ATP are made from one glucose molecule during the process of cellular respiration? 19. What three reasons are given to explain the inexact amount of ATP produced? Concept 9.5: During oxidative phosphorylation, chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis 20. Compare t ...
Energy
... What happens to Pyruvate? Anaerobic: In the absence of oxygen. If electron transport slows because of insufficient oxygen, NADH concentration increases, NAD+ is in short supply, and glycolysis cannot continue. An alternative way to reoxidize NADH is essential because glycolysis, the only available s ...
... What happens to Pyruvate? Anaerobic: In the absence of oxygen. If electron transport slows because of insufficient oxygen, NADH concentration increases, NAD+ is in short supply, and glycolysis cannot continue. An alternative way to reoxidize NADH is essential because glycolysis, the only available s ...
METABOLIC COMPARTMENTATION
... The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH Electrons from NADH in the cytosol are transferred by electron shuttles. In the glycerol phosphate shuttle, NADH in the cytosol is used to reduce dihydoxyacetone phosphate in the reaction catalyzed by cytosolic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenas ...
... The inner mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH Electrons from NADH in the cytosol are transferred by electron shuttles. In the glycerol phosphate shuttle, NADH in the cytosol is used to reduce dihydoxyacetone phosphate in the reaction catalyzed by cytosolic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenas ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑