Cell Respiration
... Entering the Krebs Cycle 75% of the original energy in glucose is still present in the 2 molecules of pyruvate With oxygen present the pyruvate enter the in the mitochondrion where enzymes of the Krebs cycle oxidize the organic fuel to carbon dioxide. Step 1: When pyruvate enters the mitochondria sv ...
... Entering the Krebs Cycle 75% of the original energy in glucose is still present in the 2 molecules of pyruvate With oxygen present the pyruvate enter the in the mitochondrion where enzymes of the Krebs cycle oxidize the organic fuel to carbon dioxide. Step 1: When pyruvate enters the mitochondria sv ...
Biology 1408 - Lone Star College
... 2) Which of the following BEST explains the molecular complexity of living organisms? A) Condensation reactions can create different polymers because they can combine virtually any molecules in the cell. B) Each organism has its own unique set of monomers for use in constructing polymers. C) Althoug ...
... 2) Which of the following BEST explains the molecular complexity of living organisms? A) Condensation reactions can create different polymers because they can combine virtually any molecules in the cell. B) Each organism has its own unique set of monomers for use in constructing polymers. C) Althoug ...
File
... there is a lot of lactic acid in the culture fluid. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the poor condition of the cells? a. There is too much glucose in the culture fluid b. There is not enough glucose in the culture fluid c. There is too much oxygen in the culture fluid d. The ...
... there is a lot of lactic acid in the culture fluid. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the poor condition of the cells? a. There is too much glucose in the culture fluid b. There is not enough glucose in the culture fluid c. There is too much oxygen in the culture fluid d. The ...
SBI4U: Respiration and Photosynthesis Test
... 2). Describe the meaning of the term chemiosmosis and its role in the production of energy for the cell. [3] 3). Cellular respiration is controlled by feedback loops. Explain what this means, using an example. [2] 4). Rubisco is the most common protein in the world. a) What does it do? [2] b) How ma ...
... 2). Describe the meaning of the term chemiosmosis and its role in the production of energy for the cell. [3] 3). Cellular respiration is controlled by feedback loops. Explain what this means, using an example. [2] 4). Rubisco is the most common protein in the world. a) What does it do? [2] b) How ma ...
biology 422 - TeacherWeb
... description of the chemical pathway involved in each, to include the beginning substances, the intermediate reactions and the final products as well as indicate whether ATP is used or made. ...
... description of the chemical pathway involved in each, to include the beginning substances, the intermediate reactions and the final products as well as indicate whether ATP is used or made. ...
Practice Questions
... • The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation is • A)oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water. • B)the thermodynamically favorable flow of electrons from NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport carriers. • C)the final transfer of electrons to ox ...
... • The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation is • A)oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water. • B)the thermodynamically favorable flow of electrons from NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport carriers. • C)the final transfer of electrons to ox ...
Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Presence of Oxygen Releases a
... A proton gradient can be introduced artificially in chloroplasts or ...
... A proton gradient can be introduced artificially in chloroplasts or ...
Cellular Respiration:
... the final electron acceptor in the ETC, and without it there to pull off the electrons, the ETC shuts down, leaving the loaded electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) with no place to dump their electrons. Thus, the CAC is shut down also. Electron Transport/Chemiosmosis: Electrons are delivered to the ET ...
... the final electron acceptor in the ETC, and without it there to pull off the electrons, the ETC shuts down, leaving the loaded electron carriers (NADH and FADH2) with no place to dump their electrons. Thus, the CAC is shut down also. Electron Transport/Chemiosmosis: Electrons are delivered to the ET ...
LOCATION: CYTOPLASM
... Inhibited by G-6-P which accumulated if other reactions are inhibited. 2. Pyruvate kinase 4 isoenzymic forms inhibited by ATP, activated by F-1,6-Bis P see fig 12.17 Horton liver form also inhibited by phosphorylation 3. PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE Main point of regulation ATP, citrate AMP, F-2,6-bisP i ...
... Inhibited by G-6-P which accumulated if other reactions are inhibited. 2. Pyruvate kinase 4 isoenzymic forms inhibited by ATP, activated by F-1,6-Bis P see fig 12.17 Horton liver form also inhibited by phosphorylation 3. PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE Main point of regulation ATP, citrate AMP, F-2,6-bisP i ...
1 Glycolysis and carbon-carbon bond chemistry I. Intro to Glycolysis
... However, organisms had been photosynthesizing since at least a thousand million years before that. What happened to the O2 those early organisms produced? One idea holds that the evolved oxygen was complexed with iron to form ferric oxide; when the iron was saturated with oxygen, it began to appear ...
... However, organisms had been photosynthesizing since at least a thousand million years before that. What happened to the O2 those early organisms produced? One idea holds that the evolved oxygen was complexed with iron to form ferric oxide; when the iron was saturated with oxygen, it began to appear ...
Answer Key - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... was shorter because of the presence of a new enzyme catalyzing the reaction glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD+ 3-phosphoglycerate + NADH + H+. Would shortening the glycolytic pathway in this way benefit the cell? Explain. No. There would be no anaerobic productions of ATP; aerobic ATP production wo ...
... was shorter because of the presence of a new enzyme catalyzing the reaction glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + NAD+ 3-phosphoglycerate + NADH + H+. Would shortening the glycolytic pathway in this way benefit the cell? Explain. No. There would be no anaerobic productions of ATP; aerobic ATP production wo ...
HB_Cell_Resp_KEYS_and_Review_Notes_12_BH
... If all the energy in glucose were released at once, it would be wasted. Most of the energy would be lost all at once as heat, burning up the cell. ...
... If all the energy in glucose were released at once, it would be wasted. Most of the energy would be lost all at once as heat, burning up the cell. ...
Anaerobic Respiration Gibb`s Free Energy PPT
... • Obligate anaerobes carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of O2 • Yeast and many bacteria are facultative anaerobes, meaning that they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration • In a facultative anaerobe, pyruvate is a fork in the me ...
... • Obligate anaerobes carry out fermentation or anaerobic respiration and cannot survive in the presence of O2 • Yeast and many bacteria are facultative anaerobes, meaning that they can survive using either fermentation or cellular respiration • In a facultative anaerobe, pyruvate is a fork in the me ...
Chapter 9 / Energy-Releasing Pathways and Biosynthesis I
... Differ in their final electron acceptor Cellular respiration produces more ATP Pyruvate is a key juncture in catabolism Glycolysis occurs in nearly all organisms ...
... Differ in their final electron acceptor Cellular respiration produces more ATP Pyruvate is a key juncture in catabolism Glycolysis occurs in nearly all organisms ...
Unit_5_Topic_7_Run_for_your_life_Revision_Questions
... 1. the structure of a muscle fibre 2. the way in which muscles, tendons, the skeleton and ligaments interact to enable movement, including antagonistic muscle pairs, extensors and flexors. 3. the overall reaction of aerobic respiration as splitting of the respiratory substrate (eg glucose) to releas ...
... 1. the structure of a muscle fibre 2. the way in which muscles, tendons, the skeleton and ligaments interact to enable movement, including antagonistic muscle pairs, extensors and flexors. 3. the overall reaction of aerobic respiration as splitting of the respiratory substrate (eg glucose) to releas ...
1 of 3 Biochemistry Final exam Block 3, 2008 Name Answer all of
... (a) At rest, plenty of O2 is being delivered to the muscle, and pyruvate formed during glycolysis is oxidized to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Acetyl groups then enter the citric acid cycle and are oxidized to CO2. (b) Under the conditions of all-out exertion, skeletal muscle can ...
... (a) At rest, plenty of O2 is being delivered to the muscle, and pyruvate formed during glycolysis is oxidized to acetyl-CoA by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Acetyl groups then enter the citric acid cycle and are oxidized to CO2. (b) Under the conditions of all-out exertion, skeletal muscle can ...
Respiration
... acetate and the resulting e transform NAD+ into NADH. c)- The coenzyme-A (CoA) transform acetate compound into acetyle-CoA, which will be ready for Krebs Cycle for further ...
... acetate and the resulting e transform NAD+ into NADH. c)- The coenzyme-A (CoA) transform acetate compound into acetyle-CoA, which will be ready for Krebs Cycle for further ...
Gluconeogenesis
... 1. Pyruvate carboxylase catalyses the ATP-driven formation of oxaloacetate from pyruvate and CO2 2. PEP carboxykinase (PEPCK) concerts oxaloacetate to PEP that uses GTP as a phosphorylating agent. ...
... 1. Pyruvate carboxylase catalyses the ATP-driven formation of oxaloacetate from pyruvate and CO2 2. PEP carboxykinase (PEPCK) concerts oxaloacetate to PEP that uses GTP as a phosphorylating agent. ...
Ch. 22 Glycolysis • Explain how glucose is universal fuel, oxidized in
... • Fructose 1,6-bis-P split to 2 trioses • Glyceraldehyde 3-P (and DHAP isomerized) ...
... • Fructose 1,6-bis-P split to 2 trioses • Glyceraldehyde 3-P (and DHAP isomerized) ...
Anaerobic glycolysis
... • Generates 2 molecules of ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) and 2 NADH • Pyruvate can enter mitochondria for complete oxidation to CO2 in TCA + electron transport chain • Anaerobic glycolysis reduces pyruvate to lactate, and recycles (wastes) NADH -> NAD+ • Key enzymes of glycolysis are regulat ...
... • Generates 2 molecules of ATP (substrate-level phosphorylation) and 2 NADH • Pyruvate can enter mitochondria for complete oxidation to CO2 in TCA + electron transport chain • Anaerobic glycolysis reduces pyruvate to lactate, and recycles (wastes) NADH -> NAD+ • Key enzymes of glycolysis are regulat ...
No Slide Title
... 7) What is the energy content of ATP relative to that of glucose? 8) What produces the “high energy” nature of ATP? 9) What happens when a molecule becomes phosphorylated? 10) What are the three stages of cellular respiration? Program 2: Glycolysis 1 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nUlZeEVZJEQ) 1) ...
... 7) What is the energy content of ATP relative to that of glucose? 8) What produces the “high energy” nature of ATP? 9) What happens when a molecule becomes phosphorylated? 10) What are the three stages of cellular respiration? Program 2: Glycolysis 1 (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nUlZeEVZJEQ) 1) ...
Slide 1
... Overview of Cellular Respiration Section 4.4 Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars. If a step requires oxygen, it is called aerobic. If a step occurs in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic. It takes place in three steps: Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron trans ...
... Overview of Cellular Respiration Section 4.4 Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down sugars. If a step requires oxygen, it is called aerobic. If a step occurs in the absence of oxygen, it is called anaerobic. It takes place in three steps: Glycolysis Krebs cycle Electron trans ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑