Energy Systems
... • takes lactic acid (lactate) and converts it to pyruvate in the liver • the pyruvate is then converted to glucose/glycogen and re-enters the energy pathways, allowing further production of ATP Better endurance athletes will have a greater ability to convert their lactic acid ...
... • takes lactic acid (lactate) and converts it to pyruvate in the liver • the pyruvate is then converted to glucose/glycogen and re-enters the energy pathways, allowing further production of ATP Better endurance athletes will have a greater ability to convert their lactic acid ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... • Glycolysis is an almost universal central pathway of glucose catabolism, the pathway with the largest flux of carbon in most cells. • In some mammalian tissues (erythrocytes, renal medulla, brain, sperm), the glycolytic breakdown of glucose is the sole source of metabolic energy. ...
... • Glycolysis is an almost universal central pathway of glucose catabolism, the pathway with the largest flux of carbon in most cells. • In some mammalian tissues (erythrocytes, renal medulla, brain, sperm), the glycolytic breakdown of glucose is the sole source of metabolic energy. ...
3. Biotechnological Importance of MO - Copy
... 2. Amphibolism (Intermediate metabolism requiring central metabolic pathways) 3. Anabolism 4. Function of enzymes: substrate specificity, catalysis 5. Coenzymes and prosthetic group 6. Methods of ATP generation: SLP, OP (respy), OP (photosyn) 7. Uptake of substrates (diffusion, FD, AT, Gp Trans, sid ...
... 2. Amphibolism (Intermediate metabolism requiring central metabolic pathways) 3. Anabolism 4. Function of enzymes: substrate specificity, catalysis 5. Coenzymes and prosthetic group 6. Methods of ATP generation: SLP, OP (respy), OP (photosyn) 7. Uptake of substrates (diffusion, FD, AT, Gp Trans, sid ...
Questions for Respiration and Photoshyntesis
... 37. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis? NADP it becomes NADPH 38. What is the main goal of the light rxns? To make NADPH and ATP The dark rxns? Fix CO2 into sugar 39. What advantage do C4 and CAM plants have over C3 plants? Help plants in hot/dry env. to make glucose and conserv ...
... 37. What is the final electron acceptor in photosynthesis? NADP it becomes NADPH 38. What is the main goal of the light rxns? To make NADPH and ATP The dark rxns? Fix CO2 into sugar 39. What advantage do C4 and CAM plants have over C3 plants? Help plants in hot/dry env. to make glucose and conserv ...
control of intermediary metabolism
... AEROBIC METABOLISM PYRUVIC ACID (3 C FRAGMENT) ENTERS MITOCHONDRIA COMBINES WITH COENZYME A LOOSING A CO2 AND BECOMING ACETYL COENZYME A (2 C FRAGMENT) THIS FRAGMENT ENTERS A CYCLIC REACTION SCHEME, THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE, ATP IS PRODUCED PRODUCTS OF THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE ENTER THE ELECTRON ...
... AEROBIC METABOLISM PYRUVIC ACID (3 C FRAGMENT) ENTERS MITOCHONDRIA COMBINES WITH COENZYME A LOOSING A CO2 AND BECOMING ACETYL COENZYME A (2 C FRAGMENT) THIS FRAGMENT ENTERS A CYCLIC REACTION SCHEME, THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE, ATP IS PRODUCED PRODUCTS OF THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE ENTER THE ELECTRON ...
Glycolysis and the Catabolism of Hexoses
... Glc-6-P for oxidative degradation • The glucose unit at the nonreducing terminal of glycogen is removed as Glc-1-P via phosphorolysis: The (a1 4) glycosidic bond is attacked by an inorganic phosphate). • Catalyzed by glycogen phosphorylase (a tetramer), its coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, 磷酸吡哆 醛) ...
... Glc-6-P for oxidative degradation • The glucose unit at the nonreducing terminal of glycogen is removed as Glc-1-P via phosphorolysis: The (a1 4) glycosidic bond is attacked by an inorganic phosphate). • Catalyzed by glycogen phosphorylase (a tetramer), its coenzyme pyridoxal phosphate (PLP, 磷酸吡哆 醛) ...
Clicker game ?`s
... A cyclic phosphorylation B non cyclic phosphorylation C ATP synthase coupling D Calvin cycle E acetyl CoA formation 5 The P680 chlorophyll has its "holes" filled by electrons from A RuBP B Photosystem I C water D NADPH E NADH 6 Which steps in cellular respiration make the most ATP? A glycolysis B Kr ...
... A cyclic phosphorylation B non cyclic phosphorylation C ATP synthase coupling D Calvin cycle E acetyl CoA formation 5 The P680 chlorophyll has its "holes" filled by electrons from A RuBP B Photosystem I C water D NADPH E NADH 6 Which steps in cellular respiration make the most ATP? A glycolysis B Kr ...
Cori Cycle - COFFEE BREAK CORNER
... It is the conversion of glucose into lactate in peripheral tissues, followed by conversion of lactate into glucose in liver From glycolysis especially in RBCs due to absence of mitochondria and muscle ...
... It is the conversion of glucose into lactate in peripheral tissues, followed by conversion of lactate into glucose in liver From glycolysis especially in RBCs due to absence of mitochondria and muscle ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... reactions. Glycolysis begins with the addition of energy. Two highenergy phosphates from two molecules of ATP are added to the six-carbon molecule glucose, producing a six-carbon molecule with two phosphates. ...
... reactions. Glycolysis begins with the addition of energy. Two highenergy phosphates from two molecules of ATP are added to the six-carbon molecule glucose, producing a six-carbon molecule with two phosphates. ...
1 BIOCHEMISTRY All organic compounds must contain and Are the
... b) One enzyme can facilitate the reaction of many different substrates c) Enzymes are not required for spontaneous reactions d) Not all catalysts are enzymes e) The active site of an enzyme will denature at high temperatures 4) What are the components of nucleotides? a) Glycerols, fatty acids and ph ...
... b) One enzyme can facilitate the reaction of many different substrates c) Enzymes are not required for spontaneous reactions d) Not all catalysts are enzymes e) The active site of an enzyme will denature at high temperatures 4) What are the components of nucleotides? a) Glycerols, fatty acids and ph ...
Lecture 23 – SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION: G
... Identify features of the H4 isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase that makes it different from the M4 isozyme. H4 has a high affinity (or low Km) for lactate H4 is inhibited by pyruvate H4 found in heart not anaerobic skeletal muscle Intravenous infusion of fructose into healthy volunteers increases lact ...
... Identify features of the H4 isozyme of lactate dehydrogenase that makes it different from the M4 isozyme. H4 has a high affinity (or low Km) for lactate H4 is inhibited by pyruvate H4 found in heart not anaerobic skeletal muscle Intravenous infusion of fructose into healthy volunteers increases lact ...
Oxidation of Glucose
... it is the oxidation of glucose to give pyruvat in the presence of oxygen or lactate in absence of O2 site : in cytoplasm of all tissues * Tissues with no or little mitochondria , mature RBC, cornea, lens , retina skeletal muscles depend mainly of glycolysis. ...
... it is the oxidation of glucose to give pyruvat in the presence of oxygen or lactate in absence of O2 site : in cytoplasm of all tissues * Tissues with no or little mitochondria , mature RBC, cornea, lens , retina skeletal muscles depend mainly of glycolysis. ...
Summary of lesson
... Q10. The simulation refers to oxidative phosphorylation, which is similar to respiration in that both require which molecule? A. Oxygen B. H20 C. CO2 D. Light Q11. FADH2 can be converted into how many ATPs? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 Q12. NADH can be converted into how many ATP molecules? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. ...
... Q10. The simulation refers to oxidative phosphorylation, which is similar to respiration in that both require which molecule? A. Oxygen B. H20 C. CO2 D. Light Q11. FADH2 can be converted into how many ATPs? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3 Q12. NADH can be converted into how many ATP molecules? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. ...
chapter_6_mod_2009
... Some organisms do not have the enzymes for Kreb’s cycle or the electron transport system. Some organisms can metabolize glucose in the absence of oxygen. Metabolizing glucose in the absence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration. ...
... Some organisms do not have the enzymes for Kreb’s cycle or the electron transport system. Some organisms can metabolize glucose in the absence of oxygen. Metabolizing glucose in the absence of oxygen is called anaerobic respiration. ...
Ch. 4: ATP and Cellular Respiration
... • Stored in chemical bonds of compounds. • Compounds that store energy: ATP, NADH and FADH2. • When bonds are broken, energy is released. ...
... • Stored in chemical bonds of compounds. • Compounds that store energy: ATP, NADH and FADH2. • When bonds are broken, energy is released. ...
Lecture_10_F11
... Cellular Respiration: the big picture • process in which cells consume O2 and produce CO2 ...
... Cellular Respiration: the big picture • process in which cells consume O2 and produce CO2 ...
Clicker game ?`s
... E alcoholic fermentation 7 Muscle fatigue is caused when the process of fermentation in oxygen-depleted cells produces A RuBP B pyruvate C alcohol D lactic acid E citric acid 8 Which of the following occurs in BOTH photosynthesis and respiration? A Calvin cycle B chemiosomosis C Citric acid cycle D ...
... E alcoholic fermentation 7 Muscle fatigue is caused when the process of fermentation in oxygen-depleted cells produces A RuBP B pyruvate C alcohol D lactic acid E citric acid 8 Which of the following occurs in BOTH photosynthesis and respiration? A Calvin cycle B chemiosomosis C Citric acid cycle D ...
Lecture 20
... Inhibitors and growth studies are used to see what is blocked. If a reaction pathway is inhibited products before the block increase and intermediates after the block decrease in ...
... Inhibitors and growth studies are used to see what is blocked. If a reaction pathway is inhibited products before the block increase and intermediates after the block decrease in ...
presentation source
... • Yeast can grow either aerobically using aerobic respiration or anaerobically using alcohol fermentation. • Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is oxidized to acetaldehyde + CO2 • Acetaldehyde + NADH --> ethanol + NAD+ • NAD+ can function in glycolysis again. ...
... • Yeast can grow either aerobically using aerobic respiration or anaerobically using alcohol fermentation. • Under anaerobic conditions, pyruvate is oxidized to acetaldehyde + CO2 • Acetaldehyde + NADH --> ethanol + NAD+ • NAD+ can function in glycolysis again. ...
Cellular Respiration
... H+ ions build up in the inner membrane space setting up a concentration and an electrical gradient. As H+ ions rush back through the membrane, enough energy is created to cause ADP to combine with P to form ATP This step produces 32 ATP for a net yield of 36 Water is also produced as a product ...
... H+ ions build up in the inner membrane space setting up a concentration and an electrical gradient. As H+ ions rush back through the membrane, enough energy is created to cause ADP to combine with P to form ATP This step produces 32 ATP for a net yield of 36 Water is also produced as a product ...
1. Which of the following is not a feature of scientific hypotheses? A
... A) increase the rate of the citric acid cycle. B) produce more ATP per mole of glucose during glycolysis. C) produce ATP during the oxidation of NADH. D) increase the rate of transport of electrons down the respiratory chain. E) increase the rate of the glycolytic reactions. ...
... A) increase the rate of the citric acid cycle. B) produce more ATP per mole of glucose during glycolysis. C) produce ATP during the oxidation of NADH. D) increase the rate of transport of electrons down the respiratory chain. E) increase the rate of the glycolytic reactions. ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑