Cellular Respiration
... If oxygen is missing – ETC can not proceed. This causes a build up in NADH. In order to recycle NADH to NAD+ and run the Kreb’s cycle, cells will use an alternative pathway called fermentation. Must have correct enzymes. Forms ...
... If oxygen is missing – ETC can not proceed. This causes a build up in NADH. In order to recycle NADH to NAD+ and run the Kreb’s cycle, cells will use an alternative pathway called fermentation. Must have correct enzymes. Forms ...
Chapter 8-10 Review - Akron Central Schools
... from spinach leaves and used a syringe partially filled with water to pull the gases from the leaf disks so that all leaf disks sunk to the bottom of the syringe. Ten (10) leaf disks from the syringe were placed in each of four cups and covered with 50 ml of the solutions as indicated below. All lea ...
... from spinach leaves and used a syringe partially filled with water to pull the gases from the leaf disks so that all leaf disks sunk to the bottom of the syringe. Ten (10) leaf disks from the syringe were placed in each of four cups and covered with 50 ml of the solutions as indicated below. All lea ...
9.3 student Fill in notes
... In the second stage, pyruvate either passes through the _________________ or undergoes ___________________ – Fermentation recycles __________ but does not produce _____________. ...
... In the second stage, pyruvate either passes through the _________________ or undergoes ___________________ – Fermentation recycles __________ but does not produce _____________. ...
Gibbs Free Energy Changes for the Glycolytic Enzymes
... dehydrogenase -3.4 7 Phosphoglycerate kinase +2.6 8 Phosphoglycerate mutase +1.6 9 Enolase -6.6 10 Pyruvate kinase -33.4 Step 1: 1 . phosphoryl transfer (phosphate group attached to the sixth carbon) ATP-Mg2+ ––> ADP glucose —————————> glucose 6-phosphate hexokinase This reaction is coupled to the h ...
... dehydrogenase -3.4 7 Phosphoglycerate kinase +2.6 8 Phosphoglycerate mutase +1.6 9 Enolase -6.6 10 Pyruvate kinase -33.4 Step 1: 1 . phosphoryl transfer (phosphate group attached to the sixth carbon) ATP-Mg2+ ––> ADP glucose —————————> glucose 6-phosphate hexokinase This reaction is coupled to the h ...
Document
... The last step in the degradation of food molecules is oxidative phosphorylation or the electrontransport chain. The enzymes involved are specialized electron acceptor and donor molecules. These enzymes are embedded in the mytochondrial membrane. As the high energy electrons are passed from acceptor ...
... The last step in the degradation of food molecules is oxidative phosphorylation or the electrontransport chain. The enzymes involved are specialized electron acceptor and donor molecules. These enzymes are embedded in the mytochondrial membrane. As the high energy electrons are passed from acceptor ...
生物化學小考(一) 範圍ch1~ch4
... 4. Which of the following statements about starch and glycogen is false? (A) Amylose is unbranched; amylopectin and glycogen contain many (α-1,6) branches. (B) Both are homopolymers of glucose. (C) Both serve primarily as structural elements in cell walls. (D) Both starch and glycogen are stored int ...
... 4. Which of the following statements about starch and glycogen is false? (A) Amylose is unbranched; amylopectin and glycogen contain many (α-1,6) branches. (B) Both are homopolymers of glucose. (C) Both serve primarily as structural elements in cell walls. (D) Both starch and glycogen are stored int ...
Cellular Respiration Lecture Notes
... 2. Electrontransport chain accepts electrons from the breakdown of products during the first 2 stages 3. Passes electrons from one molecule to another 4. electrons combined with hydrogen ions 5. molecular oxygen to form water 6. energy released at each step of the chain is stored in mitochondria to ...
... 2. Electrontransport chain accepts electrons from the breakdown of products during the first 2 stages 3. Passes electrons from one molecule to another 4. electrons combined with hydrogen ions 5. molecular oxygen to form water 6. energy released at each step of the chain is stored in mitochondria to ...
Glycolysis Animation
... • Carbonyl group released as CO2 • NAD+ reduced to NADH • Leaves Acetyl--picked up by CoA & becomes Acetyl CoA ...
... • Carbonyl group released as CO2 • NAD+ reduced to NADH • Leaves Acetyl--picked up by CoA & becomes Acetyl CoA ...
Answers - Shelton State
... During fasting (starvation) our bodies produce glucose for the brain (organ) by a process called gluconeogenesis. Proteins are synthesized at the ribosome(organelle) from the amino end to the carboxyl end. Write the complimentary strand for dA-C-G-C-A-A-G. T-G-C-G-T-T-dC Give an example of the stran ...
... During fasting (starvation) our bodies produce glucose for the brain (organ) by a process called gluconeogenesis. Proteins are synthesized at the ribosome(organelle) from the amino end to the carboxyl end. Write the complimentary strand for dA-C-G-C-A-A-G. T-G-C-G-T-T-dC Give an example of the stran ...
Mattie Knebel Kyler Salazar Jared Hansen Biology 1610 Sperry
... to the 4C molecule Oxaloacetate. The CoA is then released and a 6C molecule called citrate is left behind. After Citrate is formed, it is broken down into a 5C molecule using Oxygen which then produces a CO2 molecule. NAD+ then comes along and takes 2 electrons producing NADH. Next, Oxygen is used t ...
... to the 4C molecule Oxaloacetate. The CoA is then released and a 6C molecule called citrate is left behind. After Citrate is formed, it is broken down into a 5C molecule using Oxygen which then produces a CO2 molecule. NAD+ then comes along and takes 2 electrons producing NADH. Next, Oxygen is used t ...
View
... FAD is oxidizes alkanes ot alkenes, wheras NAD + oxidizes alcohols to aldehydes or ketons. Oxidation of alkane to alkene is sifficiently exergonic to reduce FAD to FADH 2but not to reduce NAD+ to NADH. ...
... FAD is oxidizes alkanes ot alkenes, wheras NAD + oxidizes alcohols to aldehydes or ketons. Oxidation of alkane to alkene is sifficiently exergonic to reduce FAD to FADH 2but not to reduce NAD+ to NADH. ...
Sample exam questions Chapter 11 Carbohydrates
... B. cannot be used by the mitochondrial electron transport chain as NADH cannot enter the mitochondria C. may enter the electron transport chain by using a shuttle system. * D. are transferred to water molecules in the cytoplasm. 35) Degradation (catabolism) of unsaturated fatty acids involves: A. an ...
... B. cannot be used by the mitochondrial electron transport chain as NADH cannot enter the mitochondria C. may enter the electron transport chain by using a shuttle system. * D. are transferred to water molecules in the cytoplasm. 35) Degradation (catabolism) of unsaturated fatty acids involves: A. an ...
Advanced Cellular Respiration Worksheet
... 6. How many carbon dioxide molecules (CO2) are generated per pyruvate in the transition reaction? in the citric acid cycle? So therefore how many CO2 are produced per glucose? 7. How many NADH molecules are generated per glucose in a. glycolysis b. transition reaction ...
... 6. How many carbon dioxide molecules (CO2) are generated per pyruvate in the transition reaction? in the citric acid cycle? So therefore how many CO2 are produced per glucose? 7. How many NADH molecules are generated per glucose in a. glycolysis b. transition reaction ...
Cellular Respiration
... fructose bisphosphate splits into two 3 C molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P aka PGAL) *lysis each G3P molecule goes through series of reactions that convert it into pyruvate (pyruvic acid) During these reactions, 2 high energy electrons and a H+ are added to NAD+ to form “energized” carri ...
... fructose bisphosphate splits into two 3 C molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P aka PGAL) *lysis each G3P molecule goes through series of reactions that convert it into pyruvate (pyruvic acid) During these reactions, 2 high energy electrons and a H+ are added to NAD+ to form “energized” carri ...
cellular respiration quiz review guide
... What is the net gain of ATP molecules in glycolysis? What part of the cell does glycolysis occur in? Define aerobic respiration. What is the first step of the Krebs cycle? (hint: what has to happen to the pyruvic acid BEFORE it enters the Krebs Cycle) Briefly summarize the steps of the Krebs cycle ( ...
... What is the net gain of ATP molecules in glycolysis? What part of the cell does glycolysis occur in? Define aerobic respiration. What is the first step of the Krebs cycle? (hint: what has to happen to the pyruvic acid BEFORE it enters the Krebs Cycle) Briefly summarize the steps of the Krebs cycle ( ...
Cellular Respiration
... 1) NAD: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD+ + 2 e- + 2 H+ → NADH + H+ *the second H+ dissolves into cytosol * 2) FAD: Flavin adenine dinucleotide ...
... 1) NAD: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD+ + 2 e- + 2 H+ → NADH + H+ *the second H+ dissolves into cytosol * 2) FAD: Flavin adenine dinucleotide ...
Major Metabolic Pathway
... produces ethanol when grown under anaerobic conditions. However, the major product is yeast cells when growth conditions are aerobic. More over, even under aerobic conditions at high glucose concentrations, some ethanol production is observed. Which indicates metabolic regulation not only by oxygen ...
... produces ethanol when grown under anaerobic conditions. However, the major product is yeast cells when growth conditions are aerobic. More over, even under aerobic conditions at high glucose concentrations, some ethanol production is observed. Which indicates metabolic regulation not only by oxygen ...
Chapter 8 Summary
... Liver and muscle cells break down glycogen into glucose by a process called glycogenolysis. Glucose catabolism begins with glycolysis, an anaerobic pathway that converts glucose to pyruvate. Oxygen availability determines if pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA or lactate. If oxygen is available, ace ...
... Liver and muscle cells break down glycogen into glucose by a process called glycogenolysis. Glucose catabolism begins with glycolysis, an anaerobic pathway that converts glucose to pyruvate. Oxygen availability determines if pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA or lactate. If oxygen is available, ace ...
File - Wk 1-2
... ‘reducing’ equivalents and ATP). In aerobic conditions, the pyruvate will go on to be further metabolised in the TCA cycle, whilst in anaerobic conditions, the pyruvate will be converted into lactate to later take part in gluconeogenesis. Glycolysis itself is anaerobic. Depending on which book you l ...
... ‘reducing’ equivalents and ATP). In aerobic conditions, the pyruvate will go on to be further metabolised in the TCA cycle, whilst in anaerobic conditions, the pyruvate will be converted into lactate to later take part in gluconeogenesis. Glycolysis itself is anaerobic. Depending on which book you l ...
Block 1 Unit #3
... b. Glucokinase in liver (duringgluckose state) 7. Name the regulatory enzymes in glycolysis a. Hexokinase, Phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase 8. What role does dihydroxyacetone phosphate play in a) glycolysis b) triglyceride synthesis c) in the glycerol phosphate shuttle? a. Glycolysis – dihydrox ...
... b. Glucokinase in liver (duringgluckose state) 7. Name the regulatory enzymes in glycolysis a. Hexokinase, Phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase 8. What role does dihydroxyacetone phosphate play in a) glycolysis b) triglyceride synthesis c) in the glycerol phosphate shuttle? a. Glycolysis – dihydrox ...
practice exam
... A. produces a water-insoluble fuel for brain cells. B. occurs only under starvation conditions. C. takes place in the cytosol. D. allows acetyl CoA to be made into net glucose. E. is favored when the citric acid cycle is inhibited. 3. ______ Which statement concerning fatty acid synthesis is false? ...
... A. produces a water-insoluble fuel for brain cells. B. occurs only under starvation conditions. C. takes place in the cytosol. D. allows acetyl CoA to be made into net glucose. E. is favored when the citric acid cycle is inhibited. 3. ______ Which statement concerning fatty acid synthesis is false? ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑