Bio260 Exam1.1 MW review
... • Understand the following terms and processes: glycolysis, fermentation, Tricarboxylic Acid cycle, anaerobic and aerobic respiration, oxidation/reduction reactions, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, and substrate level phosphorylation. – For the major pathways discussed, underst ...
... • Understand the following terms and processes: glycolysis, fermentation, Tricarboxylic Acid cycle, anaerobic and aerobic respiration, oxidation/reduction reactions, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation, and substrate level phosphorylation. – For the major pathways discussed, underst ...
L10v02a_-_glycolysis.stamped_doc
... FADH2. And these molecules, which we'll see in the next set of lectures and the next class session, these produce a lot of ATP in an oxygen dependent manner in a process called oxidative phosphorylation. [00:01:15.85] This is a reminder of the overall pathway which we'll cover today. Glycolysis is t ...
... FADH2. And these molecules, which we'll see in the next set of lectures and the next class session, these produce a lot of ATP in an oxygen dependent manner in a process called oxidative phosphorylation. [00:01:15.85] This is a reminder of the overall pathway which we'll cover today. Glycolysis is t ...
doc 3.5.2 respiration revision Factual revision sheet for
... 1. Glucose is phosphorylated twice to form glucose phosphate, then rearranged into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (………………carbon) 2. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is split into two molecules of triose phosphate (…………… carbon) 3. Triose phosphate is converted to pyruvate (…………… carbon) 4. Two molecules of ………… ...
... 1. Glucose is phosphorylated twice to form glucose phosphate, then rearranged into fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (………………carbon) 2. Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate is split into two molecules of triose phosphate (…………… carbon) 3. Triose phosphate is converted to pyruvate (…………… carbon) 4. Two molecules of ………… ...
Exam 2 Practice #3
... Proteins, allosteric regulators c. Polynucleotides, energy carriers d. Polynucleotides, allosteric regulators ...
... Proteins, allosteric regulators c. Polynucleotides, energy carriers d. Polynucleotides, allosteric regulators ...
Lecture Presentation to accompany Principles of Life
... • 6.1 ATP, Reduced Coenzymes, and Chemiosmosis Play Important Roles in Biological Energy Metabolism • 6.2 Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Presence of Oxygen Releases a Large Amount of Energy • 6.3 Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Absence of Oxygen Releases a Small Amount of Energy ...
... • 6.1 ATP, Reduced Coenzymes, and Chemiosmosis Play Important Roles in Biological Energy Metabolism • 6.2 Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Presence of Oxygen Releases a Large Amount of Energy • 6.3 Carbohydrate Catabolism in the Absence of Oxygen Releases a Small Amount of Energy ...
Krebs and ETC
... Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates are catabolized to ‘acetyl-CoA’ It can be used to make fat or ATP [ATP] determines what pathway this molecule takes If O2 is present, ‘acetyl CoA’ moves to the Kreb’s Cycle (aerobic respiration) If O2 is NOT present, ‘acetyl CoA’ becomes ‘lactate’ (anaerobic respi ...
... Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates are catabolized to ‘acetyl-CoA’ It can be used to make fat or ATP [ATP] determines what pathway this molecule takes If O2 is present, ‘acetyl CoA’ moves to the Kreb’s Cycle (aerobic respiration) If O2 is NOT present, ‘acetyl CoA’ becomes ‘lactate’ (anaerobic respi ...
Energy - My CCSD
... D. Every enzyme catalyzes only one reaction or one type of reaction E. Enzymes …. 1. break down toxins (a lot in liver) 2. speed up digestion ...
... D. Every enzyme catalyzes only one reaction or one type of reaction E. Enzymes …. 1. break down toxins (a lot in liver) 2. speed up digestion ...
Mitochondrion Pyruvate Oxidation & Kreb`s Cycle
... are all aerobic. Eukaryotes use mitochondria to produce cellular energy. Prokaryotes do these reactions in the cytoplasm and with much less energy being produced. ...
... are all aerobic. Eukaryotes use mitochondria to produce cellular energy. Prokaryotes do these reactions in the cytoplasm and with much less energy being produced. ...
Hexokinase
... Figure 18.2 Pyruvate produced in glycolysis can be utilized by cells in several ways. In animals, pyruvate is normally converted to acetylcoenzyme A, which is then oxidized in the TCA cycle to produce CO2. When oxygen is limited, pyruvate can be converted to lactate. Alcoholic fermentation in yeast ...
... Figure 18.2 Pyruvate produced in glycolysis can be utilized by cells in several ways. In animals, pyruvate is normally converted to acetylcoenzyme A, which is then oxidized in the TCA cycle to produce CO2. When oxygen is limited, pyruvate can be converted to lactate. Alcoholic fermentation in yeast ...
Chapter 1 Homework - due Tuesday, Sept
... and the citric acid cycle (both NAD+ and FAD), to form NADH and FADH2, which then carry these electrons to the electron transport chain. Oxygen acts at the end of this chain, receives the electrons, joining with hydrogen ions to produce water. 5. How can a person obtain energy from a low-carbohydrat ...
... and the citric acid cycle (both NAD+ and FAD), to form NADH and FADH2, which then carry these electrons to the electron transport chain. Oxygen acts at the end of this chain, receives the electrons, joining with hydrogen ions to produce water. 5. How can a person obtain energy from a low-carbohydrat ...
KEY Glycolysis True or false. If false, indicate why 1. ____F___
... 4. ___F____ CO2 is a waste product of glycolysis 5. ____T___ sugar + NAD+ pyruvate + NADH + 2 ATP represents glycolysis – approximate reaction! 6. ____T___ Glycolysis leads to fermentation in some bacteria and yeast 7. ___F____ Glycolysis involves an energy pay-off and then an energy investment ph ...
... 4. ___F____ CO2 is a waste product of glycolysis 5. ____T___ sugar + NAD+ pyruvate + NADH + 2 ATP represents glycolysis – approximate reaction! 6. ____T___ Glycolysis leads to fermentation in some bacteria and yeast 7. ___F____ Glycolysis involves an energy pay-off and then an energy investment ph ...
Lecture 12-14 (Parker) - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... its day because it was widely held that fermentation was a process that occurs within cells. This led to efforts to understand the mechanism of this extracellular fermentation. Studies in muscle extracts also revealed that lactic acid fermentation was very similar to alcohol fermentation in yeast. T ...
... its day because it was widely held that fermentation was a process that occurs within cells. This led to efforts to understand the mechanism of this extracellular fermentation. Studies in muscle extracts also revealed that lactic acid fermentation was very similar to alcohol fermentation in yeast. T ...
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM - UNAIR | E
... oxidation of glucose energy It can function either aerobically or anaerobically pyruvate Occurs in the cytosol of all cell AEROBICALLY GLYCOLYSIS : Pyruvate Mitochondria Asetil CoA Kreb’s Cycle ...
... oxidation of glucose energy It can function either aerobically or anaerobically pyruvate Occurs in the cytosol of all cell AEROBICALLY GLYCOLYSIS : Pyruvate Mitochondria Asetil CoA Kreb’s Cycle ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Ch. 6 Cellular Respiration
... Two ways to make ATP. Chemiosmosis and … • Do you remember what chemiosmosis is? • When ATP is made by movement of Hydrogen ions from high to low concentration via the protein ATP synthase. • How does a high concentration of hydrogen ions form in the first place? • H+ ions are actively transported ...
... Two ways to make ATP. Chemiosmosis and … • Do you remember what chemiosmosis is? • When ATP is made by movement of Hydrogen ions from high to low concentration via the protein ATP synthase. • How does a high concentration of hydrogen ions form in the first place? • H+ ions are actively transported ...
Ch 9 Power Point - Cellular Respiration
... • Catabolic pathway – releases energy by oxidizing organic fuels • Energy – stored in chem bonds – released when bonds break – Used for work and given off as ...
... • Catabolic pathway – releases energy by oxidizing organic fuels • Energy – stored in chem bonds – released when bonds break – Used for work and given off as ...
Respiration PowerPoint
... burning sensation, but only temporarily • Broken down into ____ and _____ by liver ...
... burning sensation, but only temporarily • Broken down into ____ and _____ by liver ...
Respiration - Biology Innovation
... intermembrane space via proton pumps in the mitochondria. Then once the H+ molecules are in the intermembrane space they can then pass back through the ATPase into the matrix forming ATP. As you can see from the diagram below ADP is used in this reaction along with Pι (organic phosphate molecule) to ...
... intermembrane space via proton pumps in the mitochondria. Then once the H+ molecules are in the intermembrane space they can then pass back through the ATPase into the matrix forming ATP. As you can see from the diagram below ADP is used in this reaction along with Pι (organic phosphate molecule) to ...
Topic 3.7 and Opt C Cell Respiration
... • Chemiosmosis is using H+ ion in the intermembrane space to drive ATP, through the use of an ATP synthase (enzyme). • Collectively ETC and chemiosmosis drive ...
... • Chemiosmosis is using H+ ion in the intermembrane space to drive ATP, through the use of an ATP synthase (enzyme). • Collectively ETC and chemiosmosis drive ...
Oxygen pulls electrons from sugar
... Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway fueled by oxidizing organic compounds like sugar ...
... Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway fueled by oxidizing organic compounds like sugar ...
Cellular Respiration
... Cells don’t burn glucose – cells gradually release energy from glucose and other food compounds Cells release energy from glucose by performing cellular respiration ...
... Cells don’t burn glucose – cells gradually release energy from glucose and other food compounds Cells release energy from glucose by performing cellular respiration ...
Chapters11-Glycolysis-2014
... Chapter 11 Catabolism of Hexoses Glucose is the focal point of carbohydrate breakdown. Glycolysis: A pathway made up of 10 steps in which glucose (C6H12O6) is transformed into 2 molecules of pyruvate (C3H3O3). It is an ancient anaerobic process: i.e. does not require O2. The pathway, enzymes and rea ...
... Chapter 11 Catabolism of Hexoses Glucose is the focal point of carbohydrate breakdown. Glycolysis: A pathway made up of 10 steps in which glucose (C6H12O6) is transformed into 2 molecules of pyruvate (C3H3O3). It is an ancient anaerobic process: i.e. does not require O2. The pathway, enzymes and rea ...
Cellular Respiration - Cathkin High School
... If glucose is not available then the cell can use other substrates including: Other sugar molecules, e.g. fructose, can be converted to glucose or glycolysis intermediates for use as respiratory substrates. Starch and glycogen are broken down to glucose for use as a respiratory ...
... If glucose is not available then the cell can use other substrates including: Other sugar molecules, e.g. fructose, can be converted to glucose or glycolysis intermediates for use as respiratory substrates. Starch and glycogen are broken down to glucose for use as a respiratory ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑