14 - Ch 22 Respiration Exercise Multiple-choice questions (p. 22-35)
... Pyruvate is the product of glycolysis. (1) As the production of pyruvate is greatly reduced after treating with drug X. (1) Glycolysis was inhibited in this case. (1) (b) drug Y inhibited Krebs cycle (1) when the respiratory pathway is halted at Krebs cycle, pyruvate will not be metabolised (1) but ...
... Pyruvate is the product of glycolysis. (1) As the production of pyruvate is greatly reduced after treating with drug X. (1) Glycolysis was inhibited in this case. (1) (b) drug Y inhibited Krebs cycle (1) when the respiratory pathway is halted at Krebs cycle, pyruvate will not be metabolised (1) but ...
File
... even high concentrations. Both ethanol and lactic acid are toxic in even moderate concentrations. Explain why this conversion occurs in organisms. As noted in question 4, when no NAD is available, even glycolysis stops. No ATP will be produced and the cell (or organism) will die. The conversion of ...
... even high concentrations. Both ethanol and lactic acid are toxic in even moderate concentrations. Explain why this conversion occurs in organisms. As noted in question 4, when no NAD is available, even glycolysis stops. No ATP will be produced and the cell (or organism) will die. The conversion of ...
acetyl CoA
... Inside the mitochondrion (before the citric acid cycle can begin), pyruvate (3C) must be decarboxylated into acetate (2C), then oxidized and joined to a molecule of Coenzyme A, and so converted to acetyl CoA, which links the cycle to glycolysis. During the transformation process of pyruvate into ac ...
... Inside the mitochondrion (before the citric acid cycle can begin), pyruvate (3C) must be decarboxylated into acetate (2C), then oxidized and joined to a molecule of Coenzyme A, and so converted to acetyl CoA, which links the cycle to glycolysis. During the transformation process of pyruvate into ac ...
Cell Respiration Notes Kelly
... INNER MEMBRANE (CRISTAE) –contains Electron transport proteins MATRIX- contains enzymes for KREBS CYCLE INTERMEMBRANE SPACE- between cristae and outer membrane Place where H+ ions accumulate during ETC GLYCOLYSIS “Glykos”= sweet; “lysis”=split apart GLUCOSE → 2 PYRUVATE Occurs in cytosol Requires 2 ...
... INNER MEMBRANE (CRISTAE) –contains Electron transport proteins MATRIX- contains enzymes for KREBS CYCLE INTERMEMBRANE SPACE- between cristae and outer membrane Place where H+ ions accumulate during ETC GLYCOLYSIS “Glykos”= sweet; “lysis”=split apart GLUCOSE → 2 PYRUVATE Occurs in cytosol Requires 2 ...
Cell Respiration Notes
... INNER MEMBRANE (CRISTAE) –contains Electron transport proteins MATRIX- contains enzymes for KREBS CYCLE INTERMEMBRANE SPACE- between cristae and outer membrane Place where H+ ions accumulate during ETC GLYCOLYSIS “Glykos”= sweet; “lysis”=split apart GLUCOSE → 2 PYRUVATE Occurs in cytosol Requires 2 ...
... INNER MEMBRANE (CRISTAE) –contains Electron transport proteins MATRIX- contains enzymes for KREBS CYCLE INTERMEMBRANE SPACE- between cristae and outer membrane Place where H+ ions accumulate during ETC GLYCOLYSIS “Glykos”= sweet; “lysis”=split apart GLUCOSE → 2 PYRUVATE Occurs in cytosol Requires 2 ...
Problem Set# 3
... d. Anaerobes produces an extra FADH2 during the TCA cycle ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ...
... d. Anaerobes produces an extra FADH2 during the TCA cycle ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ...
cell respiration notes ap - Wesleyan
... INNER MEMBRANE (CRISTAE) –contains Electron transport proteins MATRIX- contains enzymes for KREBS CYCLE INTERMEMBRANE SPACE- between cristae and outer membrane Place where H+ ions accumulate during ETC GLYCOLYSIS “Glykos”= sweet; “lysis”=split apart GLUCOSE → 2 PYRUVATE Occurs in cytosol Requires 2 ...
... INNER MEMBRANE (CRISTAE) –contains Electron transport proteins MATRIX- contains enzymes for KREBS CYCLE INTERMEMBRANE SPACE- between cristae and outer membrane Place where H+ ions accumulate during ETC GLYCOLYSIS “Glykos”= sweet; “lysis”=split apart GLUCOSE → 2 PYRUVATE Occurs in cytosol Requires 2 ...
Metabolism
... A substance is oxidized when it loses one or more electrons A substance is reduced when it gains one or more electrons Oxidation-reduction reactions are controlled by enzymes Antioxidants – compounds that donate electrons to oxidized compounds, putting them into a more reduced (stable) state ...
... A substance is oxidized when it loses one or more electrons A substance is reduced when it gains one or more electrons Oxidation-reduction reactions are controlled by enzymes Antioxidants – compounds that donate electrons to oxidized compounds, putting them into a more reduced (stable) state ...
word
... Explain how enzymes bind substrates in the active site (lock & key, induced fit) Explain how enzymes form enzyme-substrate complex Explain the central role of enzymes as catalysts What is allosteric regulation? What are the products of complete cellular respiration of glucose versus anaerobic respir ...
... Explain how enzymes bind substrates in the active site (lock & key, induced fit) Explain how enzymes form enzyme-substrate complex Explain the central role of enzymes as catalysts What is allosteric regulation? What are the products of complete cellular respiration of glucose versus anaerobic respir ...
Biology 20 Lecture Quiz #3 – Take Home Cellular Respiration
... 6. What is the name of the process in which pyruvate is converted to lactate? a) chemiostic theory; b) fermentation; c) glycolysis; d) citric acid cycle 7. Enzymes such as succinic acid dehydrogenase (SDH) are important in the citric acid cycle. They can be found? a) cytosol; b) mitochondrial matrix ...
... 6. What is the name of the process in which pyruvate is converted to lactate? a) chemiostic theory; b) fermentation; c) glycolysis; d) citric acid cycle 7. Enzymes such as succinic acid dehydrogenase (SDH) are important in the citric acid cycle. They can be found? a) cytosol; b) mitochondrial matrix ...
Cellular Respiration
... Redox reactions release energy when electrons “fall” from a hydrogen carrier to oxygen ...
... Redox reactions release energy when electrons “fall” from a hydrogen carrier to oxygen ...
Document
... pyruvate is converted to lactate. Lactate is transported in the blood to the liver where it is recycled by gluconeogenesis to glucose, which is transported back to muscle for additional ATP production. Why don’t active muscle cells export pyruvate, which can also be converted to glucose via gluconeo ...
... pyruvate is converted to lactate. Lactate is transported in the blood to the liver where it is recycled by gluconeogenesis to glucose, which is transported back to muscle for additional ATP production. Why don’t active muscle cells export pyruvate, which can also be converted to glucose via gluconeo ...
Lecture 8 - People Server at UNCW
... • Examine neural control of breathing • Respiratory centers in the brain • Peripheral input to respirator centers ...
... • Examine neural control of breathing • Respiratory centers in the brain • Peripheral input to respirator centers ...
PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX
... Everywhere always lactic acid is the endproduct of glycolysis causing lactic acidosis, a kind of metabolic acidosis (blood pH decreases). Serious developmental irreversible organic and functional brain damage occurs in utero, during and after birth because: a) Brain has extraordinary high energy dem ...
... Everywhere always lactic acid is the endproduct of glycolysis causing lactic acidosis, a kind of metabolic acidosis (blood pH decreases). Serious developmental irreversible organic and functional brain damage occurs in utero, during and after birth because: a) Brain has extraordinary high energy dem ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... the results if the concentration of the enzyme was doubled. Explain results. • Identify TWO environmental factors that can change the rate of enzyme-mediated reactions. Discuss how each of those two factors would affect the reaction rate of an enzyme. ...
... the results if the concentration of the enzyme was doubled. Explain results. • Identify TWO environmental factors that can change the rate of enzyme-mediated reactions. Discuss how each of those two factors would affect the reaction rate of an enzyme. ...
study guide 009
... 7. Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. 8. Explain why organic molecules that have an abundance of hydrogen are excellent cellular fuels. 9. Describe the role of NAD+ and the electron transport chain during respiration. 10. Describe the cellular regions where glycolysis, the ...
... 7. Explain how redox reactions are involved in energy exchanges. 8. Explain why organic molecules that have an abundance of hydrogen are excellent cellular fuels. 9. Describe the role of NAD+ and the electron transport chain during respiration. 10. Describe the cellular regions where glycolysis, the ...
Cell Respiration
... Pyruvate is reduced into either lactic acid releasing NAD+ or Alcohol is produced with the release of NAD+ and carbon dioxide The reduction of pyruvate into lactic acid or ethanol does not release energy. Only serves in the release of NAD+ ...
... Pyruvate is reduced into either lactic acid releasing NAD+ or Alcohol is produced with the release of NAD+ and carbon dioxide The reduction of pyruvate into lactic acid or ethanol does not release energy. Only serves in the release of NAD+ ...
Cellular Respiration
... Step 2 – Energy harvest fructose bisphosphate splits into two 3 C molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P or PGAL) each G3P molecule goes through series of reactions that convert it into pyruvate (pyruvic acid) 2 ATPs are made per G3P for a total of 4 – however, net gain is only 2 ATPs During t ...
... Step 2 – Energy harvest fructose bisphosphate splits into two 3 C molecules of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P or PGAL) each G3P molecule goes through series of reactions that convert it into pyruvate (pyruvic acid) 2 ATPs are made per G3P for a total of 4 – however, net gain is only 2 ATPs During t ...
Lect 1 (Metabolic Pathways) Lect 2 (Enzymes) Lect 3 (Glucose
... FAs around the body. Hepatocytes: liver cells which conduct majority of metabolic processes for liver. Hepatocyte enzymes turn nutrients into ATP and have high enzyme turn-over. Enzyme levels vary depending on feeding or fasting, as well as needs of other tissues. Glucokinase: hexokinase converts gl ...
... FAs around the body. Hepatocytes: liver cells which conduct majority of metabolic processes for liver. Hepatocyte enzymes turn nutrients into ATP and have high enzyme turn-over. Enzyme levels vary depending on feeding or fasting, as well as needs of other tissues. Glucokinase: hexokinase converts gl ...
Cellular Respiration
... In most cells, not all of the carbon that enters glycolysis is converted to carbon dioxide by cellular respiration. What happens to this carbon that does not end up as CO2? (Concept 9.6 ...
... In most cells, not all of the carbon that enters glycolysis is converted to carbon dioxide by cellular respiration. What happens to this carbon that does not end up as CO2? (Concept 9.6 ...
Cell Energyrespiration
... The Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid ) • Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion • Aerobic phase (requires oxygen) • 2-carbon acetyl CoA (formed from pyruvate) joins with a 4-carbon compound to form a 6carbon compound called Citric acid ...
... The Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid ) • Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondrion • Aerobic phase (requires oxygen) • 2-carbon acetyl CoA (formed from pyruvate) joins with a 4-carbon compound to form a 6carbon compound called Citric acid ...
Matrix: Citric Acid Cycle and Pyruvate Oxidation Mitochondrion A
... carriers by a series of redox reactions – Energy from electron transport powers the active transport of H+ to the intermembrane compartment of the mitochondrion, building a concentration gradient – Chemiosmosis: Diffusion of hydrogen ions (H+) through the differentially permeable inner mitochondrial ...
... carriers by a series of redox reactions – Energy from electron transport powers the active transport of H+ to the intermembrane compartment of the mitochondrion, building a concentration gradient – Chemiosmosis: Diffusion of hydrogen ions (H+) through the differentially permeable inner mitochondrial ...
ppt
... citrate buildup • Citrate goes into cytoplasm – Begins fatty acid synthesis – Inactivates glycolysis ...
... citrate buildup • Citrate goes into cytoplasm – Begins fatty acid synthesis – Inactivates glycolysis ...
Cell Respiration Key
... Part E: Next to each statement write a G for Glycolysis, KC for Kreb Cycle or ETC for Electron ...
... Part E: Next to each statement write a G for Glycolysis, KC for Kreb Cycle or ETC for Electron ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑