Chapter 7 Notes
... bonds of glucose and turn it into ATP. ATP is called free energy because it is available to do any type of work needed in our cells called Kinetic Energy (energy available for work) The amount of energy released is measure in calories or kilocalories The more energy a type of food can release the mo ...
... bonds of glucose and turn it into ATP. ATP is called free energy because it is available to do any type of work needed in our cells called Kinetic Energy (energy available for work) The amount of energy released is measure in calories or kilocalories The more energy a type of food can release the mo ...
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
... Where did the H2O come from? Where did the ATP come from? What else is produced that is not listed in this equation? Why do we breathe? ...
... Where did the H2O come from? Where did the ATP come from? What else is produced that is not listed in this equation? Why do we breathe? ...
PowerPoint 演示文稿
... +FAD+GDP+Pi+2H2O→2CO2+3NADH+FADH2+G TP+2H＋+CoA • One Acetyl-CoA through the cycle produces two CO2, one ATP, four reduced coenzymes • Two H2Os are used as substrates • Absolutely depends on O2 ...
... +FAD+GDP+Pi+2H2O→2CO2+3NADH+FADH2+G TP+2H＋+CoA • One Acetyl-CoA through the cycle produces two CO2, one ATP, four reduced coenzymes • Two H2Os are used as substrates • Absolutely depends on O2 ...
5.1 Energy Systems - Blyth-Exercise
... • Any activity longer than 90s • Mitochondria of cells • C6H12O6 + 6O2 +36ADP +36Pi --> 6CO2 + 36ATP 6H2O + ...
... • Any activity longer than 90s • Mitochondria of cells • C6H12O6 + 6O2 +36ADP +36Pi --> 6CO2 + 36ATP 6H2O + ...
RG 6 - Digestion and Respiration
... 16. Where does the majority of potential energy of glucose reside after fermentation? 17. Under what condition(s) does fermentation occur? 18. Describe what happens during lactic acid fermentation. 19. Why is replenishing NAD+ crucial to cellular metabolism? 20. Summarize the total energy yield from ...
... 16. Where does the majority of potential energy of glucose reside after fermentation? 17. Under what condition(s) does fermentation occur? 18. Describe what happens during lactic acid fermentation. 19. Why is replenishing NAD+ crucial to cellular metabolism? 20. Summarize the total energy yield from ...
Pyruvate Kinase
... pyruvate produced in Glycolysis is oxidized to CO2 via Krebs Cycle (can also be stored as fatty acids) NADH produced in Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle is reoxidized via the respiratory chain, with production of much additional ATP. ...
... pyruvate produced in Glycolysis is oxidized to CO2 via Krebs Cycle (can also be stored as fatty acids) NADH produced in Glycolysis & Krebs Cycle is reoxidized via the respiratory chain, with production of much additional ATP. ...
Karbohidrat Metabolizması
... transport pathway in the inner mitochondrial membrane • The electrons transferred from succinate to FAD (to form FADH2) are passed directly to ubiquinone (UQ) in the electron transport pathway • Enzyme inhibited by malonate ...
... transport pathway in the inner mitochondrial membrane • The electrons transferred from succinate to FAD (to form FADH2) are passed directly to ubiquinone (UQ) in the electron transport pathway • Enzyme inhibited by malonate ...
organic compounds
... C) Homeostasis is often maintained using feedback mechanisms. 1. Feedback mechanisms are cycles in which the product of one reaction causes another to start or stop. D) While organisms are balanced, they are not unchanging. The term used to describe the balanced state is dynamic equilibrium. 1. Dyna ...
... C) Homeostasis is often maintained using feedback mechanisms. 1. Feedback mechanisms are cycles in which the product of one reaction causes another to start or stop. D) While organisms are balanced, they are not unchanging. The term used to describe the balanced state is dynamic equilibrium. 1. Dyna ...
complete week three vocabulary
... Activation Energy-‐ the energy requirement needed for reactants to undergo a chemical reaction Active Site-‐ the part of an enzyme where its substrate binds Aerobic Respiration-‐ respiration is a pathway ...
... Activation Energy-‐ the energy requirement needed for reactants to undergo a chemical reaction Active Site-‐ the part of an enzyme where its substrate binds Aerobic Respiration-‐ respiration is a pathway ...
BIS103-002 (Spring 2008) - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... conceptually very similar to one of the two ATP-generating reactions in glycolysis. Briefly describe the common strategy that is used to capture chemical energy released during an oxidation step for the formation of ATP in glycolysis and the TCA cycle. (4 pts) The oxidation of an aldehyde to a carbo ...
... conceptually very similar to one of the two ATP-generating reactions in glycolysis. Briefly describe the common strategy that is used to capture chemical energy released during an oxidation step for the formation of ATP in glycolysis and the TCA cycle. (4 pts) The oxidation of an aldehyde to a carbo ...
Respiratory chain is the most productive pathway to make ATP
... cofactor, acetyl coenzyme A. The catabolism of molecules from all three major foodscarbohydrate, protein and lipids-produces acetyl coenzyme A. Acetyl coenzyme A or acetyl CoA, is the fuel for citric acid cycle. Fatty acids are major source of acetyl CoA. A series of reactions called -oxidation pat ...
... cofactor, acetyl coenzyme A. The catabolism of molecules from all three major foodscarbohydrate, protein and lipids-produces acetyl coenzyme A. Acetyl coenzyme A or acetyl CoA, is the fuel for citric acid cycle. Fatty acids are major source of acetyl CoA. A series of reactions called -oxidation pat ...
Chapter 1 - TeacherWeb
... Cellular respiration – name four phases, starting reactants/ending products of each phase, location of each process, general understanding of each process, number of ATP & product at each stage produced by 1 glucose molecule Role of NAD+, FAD, Coenzyme A Similarities and differences between aerobic ...
... Cellular respiration – name four phases, starting reactants/ending products of each phase, location of each process, general understanding of each process, number of ATP & product at each stage produced by 1 glucose molecule Role of NAD+, FAD, Coenzyme A Similarities and differences between aerobic ...
L10v01a_intro_to_metabolism.stamped_doc
... which is to emphasize that humans can only make 10 of the amino acids from sugars. That is, even if our diet contained none of these 10 amino acids, we would have no problems producing them. [00:05:42.80] However, we do have 10 amino acids which are called essential, and the only way that we get the ...
... which is to emphasize that humans can only make 10 of the amino acids from sugars. That is, even if our diet contained none of these 10 amino acids, we would have no problems producing them. [00:05:42.80] However, we do have 10 amino acids which are called essential, and the only way that we get the ...
Biological Energy Systems
... a given energy system’s maximum rate of ATP production (i.e., ATP produced per unit of time) and the total amount of ATP it is capable of producing over a long period. – As a result, the phosphagen energy system primarily supplies ATP for high-intensity activities of short duration, the glycolytic s ...
... a given energy system’s maximum rate of ATP production (i.e., ATP produced per unit of time) and the total amount of ATP it is capable of producing over a long period. – As a result, the phosphagen energy system primarily supplies ATP for high-intensity activities of short duration, the glycolytic s ...
Microbial Metabolism • Catabolic and Anabolic Reactions o The sum
... o The total ATP yield is less than in aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycle operates under anaerobic conditions. Fermentation o Fermentation releases energy from sugars or other organic molecules by oxidation. o O2 is not required in fermentation. o Two ATP molecules are produced ...
... o The total ATP yield is less than in aerobic respiration because only part of the Krebs cycle operates under anaerobic conditions. Fermentation o Fermentation releases energy from sugars or other organic molecules by oxidation. o O2 is not required in fermentation. o Two ATP molecules are produced ...
Metabolism Summary
... • Pyruvate reduction to lactate occurs in cells after strenuous or long-term muscle activity because the cellular supply of oxygen is not adequate for the reoxidation of NADH to NAD+. • Under anaerobic conditions, animals and some microorganism can obtain limited energy through lactate fermentation. ...
... • Pyruvate reduction to lactate occurs in cells after strenuous or long-term muscle activity because the cellular supply of oxygen is not adequate for the reoxidation of NADH to NAD+. • Under anaerobic conditions, animals and some microorganism can obtain limited energy through lactate fermentation. ...
Electron Transport Chain (1)
... - Since there’s a higher concentration in the cristae, it wants to come in - The only way to come in, it goes through the ATP synthase which makes ATP by ADP + P Every molecule of glucose, potentially we make about 38 ATP. Without oxygen, you can’t do the link stage, kreb cycle, etc. ATP Synthase, a ...
... - Since there’s a higher concentration in the cristae, it wants to come in - The only way to come in, it goes through the ATP synthase which makes ATP by ADP + P Every molecule of glucose, potentially we make about 38 ATP. Without oxygen, you can’t do the link stage, kreb cycle, etc. ATP Synthase, a ...
Glycolysis
... a more reduced compound, that may be excreted. The complete pathway, including Glycolysis and the reoxidation of NADH, is called fermentation. ...
... a more reduced compound, that may be excreted. The complete pathway, including Glycolysis and the reoxidation of NADH, is called fermentation. ...
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and other Energy
... o Processes the H+ ions and electrons to generate High yields of ATP o Oxygen is final electron Acceptor ...
... o Processes the H+ ions and electrons to generate High yields of ATP o Oxygen is final electron Acceptor ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... for 1 billon years+ this is how life on Earth survived no O2= slow growth, slow reproduction only harvest 3.5% of energy stored in glucose more carbons to strip off = more energy to harvest ...
... for 1 billon years+ this is how life on Earth survived no O2= slow growth, slow reproduction only harvest 3.5% of energy stored in glucose more carbons to strip off = more energy to harvest ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... for 1 billon years+ this is how life on Earth survived no O2= slow growth, slow reproduction only harvest 3.5% of energy stored in glucose more carbons to strip off = more energy to harvest ...
... for 1 billon years+ this is how life on Earth survived no O2= slow growth, slow reproduction only harvest 3.5% of energy stored in glucose more carbons to strip off = more energy to harvest ...
the Four Stages of Biochemical Energy Production
... Series of electron carriers Each carrier exists in oxidized or reduced form High energy electrons pass down the electron transport chain in a series of redox reactions These reactions are coupled with ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation). They lose energy as they pass along the chain ...
... Series of electron carriers Each carrier exists in oxidized or reduced form High energy electrons pass down the electron transport chain in a series of redox reactions These reactions are coupled with ATP synthesis (oxidative phosphorylation). They lose energy as they pass along the chain ...
Organic compounds Carbon compounds are also called organic
... Carbon compounds are also called organic compounds. Most of these molecules are very large and made up of smaller building blocks or sub-units. Four groups of organic molecules that are related to the survival of living things are; carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins. Carbohydrates are ...
... Carbon compounds are also called organic compounds. Most of these molecules are very large and made up of smaller building blocks or sub-units. Four groups of organic molecules that are related to the survival of living things are; carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins. Carbohydrates are ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑