Oxidative Decarboxylation and Krebs Cycle
... Allosteric inhibition by Acetyl CoA and NADH Covalent regulation by a kinase and a phosphatase enzymes (phophorylated form of PDH is inactive, and dephosphorylated form is active) Insulin activates PDH complex (by stimulating the phosphatase enzyme), and Glucagon inhibits PDH complex (by stimulating ...
... Allosteric inhibition by Acetyl CoA and NADH Covalent regulation by a kinase and a phosphatase enzymes (phophorylated form of PDH is inactive, and dephosphorylated form is active) Insulin activates PDH complex (by stimulating the phosphatase enzyme), and Glucagon inhibits PDH complex (by stimulating ...
Metabolic Processes
... Where in the electron transport chain does the energy come from for the synthesis of ATP? a. the combination of hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen to form water b. the breakdown of water c. the cytochromes d. an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane e. oxygen ...
... Where in the electron transport chain does the energy come from for the synthesis of ATP? a. the combination of hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen to form water b. the breakdown of water c. the cytochromes d. an electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane e. oxygen ...
Presentation Package - faculty.coe.unt.edu
... Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose; may be anaerobic or aerobic. Glycogenesis is the process by which glycogen is synthesized from glucose to be stored in the liver. Glycogenolysis is the process by which glycogen is broken into glucose-1-phosphate to be used by muscles. ...
... Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose; may be anaerobic or aerobic. Glycogenesis is the process by which glycogen is synthesized from glucose to be stored in the liver. Glycogenolysis is the process by which glycogen is broken into glucose-1-phosphate to be used by muscles. ...
Respiration
... muscles need lots of ATP FAST, but your heart can’t pump enough O2 for aerobic respiration to produce enough ATP. Your muscles switch to anaerobic respiration, and the next day, all that lactic acid makes that tissue sore. ...
... muscles need lots of ATP FAST, but your heart can’t pump enough O2 for aerobic respiration to produce enough ATP. Your muscles switch to anaerobic respiration, and the next day, all that lactic acid makes that tissue sore. ...
Limits of Human Performance
... reaction • KM; Michaleis-Menton constant; substrate concentration that gives ½ Vmax ...
... reaction • KM; Michaleis-Menton constant; substrate concentration that gives ½ Vmax ...
General Biology I (BIOLS 102)
... Glucose is oxidized and thus releases energy, while oxygen is reduced to form water The carbon atoms of the sugar molecule are released as carbon dioxide (CO2) ...
... Glucose is oxidized and thus releases energy, while oxygen is reduced to form water The carbon atoms of the sugar molecule are released as carbon dioxide (CO2) ...
Introduction to Biotechnology
... 1. glucose is split into 2 (3C)(Pyruvic acid molecules) sugars 2. the 3C sugars are oxidized and rearranged to produce pyruvate. 3. the oxidation is coupled with NAD+ being reduced to NADH. 4. consists of 2 phases a.energy investment phase (using 2 ATPs per glucose molecule) b. energy yielding phase ...
... 1. glucose is split into 2 (3C)(Pyruvic acid molecules) sugars 2. the 3C sugars are oxidized and rearranged to produce pyruvate. 3. the oxidation is coupled with NAD+ being reduced to NADH. 4. consists of 2 phases a.energy investment phase (using 2 ATPs per glucose molecule) b. energy yielding phase ...
Regeneration of NAD+ Lactic Acid Fermentation
... Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi → 2 Lactate + 2 ATP • Lactate is excreted into the blood and sent to the liver for further metabolism. ...
... Glucose + 2 ADP + 2 Pi → 2 Lactate + 2 ATP • Lactate is excreted into the blood and sent to the liver for further metabolism. ...
ATP - FTHS Wiki
... • Occurs in the folds of the inner membrane (crista) • Uses O2 and about 32 ATP and water is made. ...
... • Occurs in the folds of the inner membrane (crista) • Uses O2 and about 32 ATP and water is made. ...
Energy Systems
... Anaerobic Metabolism The two main anaerobic sources of ATP are from Phosphocreatine (PCr) and Anaerobic Glycolysis. Intramuscular PCr stores are used for rapid high intensity contractions but are depleted in less than 30 seconds and take several minutes to replenish. For example, PCr provides the ma ...
... Anaerobic Metabolism The two main anaerobic sources of ATP are from Phosphocreatine (PCr) and Anaerobic Glycolysis. Intramuscular PCr stores are used for rapid high intensity contractions but are depleted in less than 30 seconds and take several minutes to replenish. For example, PCr provides the ma ...
WEEK 8 - WordPress.com
... ATP phosphate bond has 7.3 kcal 36 ATP are produced 7.3*36= 263 kcal Of the 686 kcal energy difference, 263/686 kcal of energy is transferred from glucose to ATP = 39%, the rest of the energy is lost as heat ...
... ATP phosphate bond has 7.3 kcal 36 ATP are produced 7.3*36= 263 kcal Of the 686 kcal energy difference, 263/686 kcal of energy is transferred from glucose to ATP = 39%, the rest of the energy is lost as heat ...
Glycogen Metabolism, Electron Transport/Oxidative Phosphorylation
... • What would happen if it were disrupted or “tricked”? Electron Chain Inhibitors or “de-couplers” are used as poisons • Cyanide: takes the place of oxygen on cytochrome C oxidase, preventing the reduction of O2 to H2O • leads to “suffocation” where the victim is breathing but cannot use the oxygen t ...
... • What would happen if it were disrupted or “tricked”? Electron Chain Inhibitors or “de-couplers” are used as poisons • Cyanide: takes the place of oxygen on cytochrome C oxidase, preventing the reduction of O2 to H2O • leads to “suffocation” where the victim is breathing but cannot use the oxygen t ...
Metabolism: Fueling Cell Growth
... Role of ATP Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Energy currency of cell Negatively charged phosphate groups attached to adenosine molecule Negative charges of phosphate repel Create unstable bond that is easily broken releasing energy ...
... Role of ATP Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) Energy currency of cell Negatively charged phosphate groups attached to adenosine molecule Negative charges of phosphate repel Create unstable bond that is easily broken releasing energy ...
General Biochemistry Exam – 2002 Excess Acetyl
... 21. Anabolic metabolism of fructose in the liver: a. Produces more ATP than the metabolism of glucose b. Produces less ATP than the metabolism of glucose c. Competes for affectivity at the level of hexokinase d. Is controlled by phosphor-fructo-kinase e. None of the above 22. A restriction enzyme re ...
... 21. Anabolic metabolism of fructose in the liver: a. Produces more ATP than the metabolism of glucose b. Produces less ATP than the metabolism of glucose c. Competes for affectivity at the level of hexokinase d. Is controlled by phosphor-fructo-kinase e. None of the above 22. A restriction enzyme re ...
Jennifer Atkinson October 14, 2013 HUN 3230 Section 81944
... monosaccharides and polysaccharides that can consist of hundreds to thousands of glucose molecules. Starch, glycogen, and most fibers are considered to be polysaccharides. Food sources that are composed of complex carbohydrates include breads, potatoes, rice, nuts, and flour. The RDA for carbohydrat ...
... monosaccharides and polysaccharides that can consist of hundreds to thousands of glucose molecules. Starch, glycogen, and most fibers are considered to be polysaccharides. Food sources that are composed of complex carbohydrates include breads, potatoes, rice, nuts, and flour. The RDA for carbohydrat ...
PowerPoint lecture
... • The second stage of aerobic respiration, acetyl–CoA formation and the Krebs cycle, occurs in the inner compartment (matrix) of mitochondria • The pyruvate that formed in glycolysis is converted to acetyl– CoA and CO2; the acetyl–CoA enters the Krebs cycle, which breaks it down to CO2 • For two pyr ...
... • The second stage of aerobic respiration, acetyl–CoA formation and the Krebs cycle, occurs in the inner compartment (matrix) of mitochondria • The pyruvate that formed in glycolysis is converted to acetyl– CoA and CO2; the acetyl–CoA enters the Krebs cycle, which breaks it down to CO2 • For two pyr ...
A1981LY47200002
... bridge, I had worked on the rat muscle. I hope that it adequately diaphragm assay for insulin and anti-inrepresented and acknowledged the sulin factors in blood plasma. This excontribution of colleagues in other perience convinced me that the route laboratories. The main controversy to an understand ...
... bridge, I had worked on the rat muscle. I hope that it adequately diaphragm assay for insulin and anti-inrepresented and acknowledged the sulin factors in blood plasma. This excontribution of colleagues in other perience convinced me that the route laboratories. The main controversy to an understand ...
Chapter 9
... Step 3: Electron Transport Chainenergy from electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 to the inner mitochondrial membrane is used to make ATP. As e- move down the etc, energy “spillover” is used to pump H+ into inner membrane space. H+ diffuse back through ATP synthase which adds phosphates onto ADP mole ...
... Step 3: Electron Transport Chainenergy from electrons carried by NADH and FADH2 to the inner mitochondrial membrane is used to make ATP. As e- move down the etc, energy “spillover” is used to pump H+ into inner membrane space. H+ diffuse back through ATP synthase which adds phosphates onto ADP mole ...
Metabolism and Energy
... • Energy Metabolism – how the body obtains & uses energy from foods or body stores • Nutrients in the body that generate energy 1. CHO>>>Glucose (liver converts fructose & galactose to glucose) 2. Fat (Triglycerides)>>>Glycerol & Fatty Acids 3. Protein>>>Amino Acids ...
... • Energy Metabolism – how the body obtains & uses energy from foods or body stores • Nutrients in the body that generate energy 1. CHO>>>Glucose (liver converts fructose & galactose to glucose) 2. Fat (Triglycerides)>>>Glycerol & Fatty Acids 3. Protein>>>Amino Acids ...
2 ATP`s - Madeira City Schools
... 1. Enzymes known as dehydrogenases remove a pair of H atoms from the substrate and/or cytoplasm. 2. The enzyme delivers 2 electrons and 1 proton to its coenzyme (NAD+) 3. The other proton is released as a H+ ion. 4. NAD+ is reduced to NADH 5. NADH is stored energy that can be tapped to make ATP when ...
... 1. Enzymes known as dehydrogenases remove a pair of H atoms from the substrate and/or cytoplasm. 2. The enzyme delivers 2 electrons and 1 proton to its coenzyme (NAD+) 3. The other proton is released as a H+ ion. 4. NAD+ is reduced to NADH 5. NADH is stored energy that can be tapped to make ATP when ...
Unit Two “Energy Acquisition”
... therefore, both have Mitochondria, the organelle where ATP production occurs The main difference between plants and animals is that plants synthesize Glucose from smaller molecules ,whereas animals need to consume food matter in order to obtain Glucose The above is why plants are called “Produce ...
... therefore, both have Mitochondria, the organelle where ATP production occurs The main difference between plants and animals is that plants synthesize Glucose from smaller molecules ,whereas animals need to consume food matter in order to obtain Glucose The above is why plants are called “Produce ...
Chapter 10 - Photosynthesis
... 20. Heterotrophs depend indirectly on _________ for energy. 21. When food is broken down, energy is TEMPORARILY stored in what molecule? 22. All organisms use ________ as their energy molecule. 23. Oxygen produced during ___________ is used during _________________. 24. What is the effect of lactic ...
... 20. Heterotrophs depend indirectly on _________ for energy. 21. When food is broken down, energy is TEMPORARILY stored in what molecule? 22. All organisms use ________ as their energy molecule. 23. Oxygen produced during ___________ is used during _________________. 24. What is the effect of lactic ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑