Cellular Respiration
... • Transfer of electrons (e-) releases energy stored in organic molecules this energy is ultimately used to generate ATP • Oxidation = loss of e- from one substance • Reduction = addition of e- to another substance ...
... • Transfer of electrons (e-) releases energy stored in organic molecules this energy is ultimately used to generate ATP • Oxidation = loss of e- from one substance • Reduction = addition of e- to another substance ...
continued
... • endergonic reactions: Require energy and include anabolic processes and the contraction of muscle. • metabolism: The total of all the catabolic or exergonic and anabolic or endergonic reactions in a biological system. • adenosine triphosphate (ATP): Allows the transfer of energy from exergonic to ...
... • endergonic reactions: Require energy and include anabolic processes and the contraction of muscle. • metabolism: The total of all the catabolic or exergonic and anabolic or endergonic reactions in a biological system. • adenosine triphosphate (ATP): Allows the transfer of energy from exergonic to ...
Gluconeogenesis
... This reaction require 1 ATP to give it's phosphate group to 3 phosphoglycerate to produce 1,3 bis phosphoglycerate . Step 6: 1,3 bis phosphoglycerate is then converted to glycerol aldehyde 3 phosphate catalyzed by glycerol aldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase , this reaction utilize NADH which oxidize ...
... This reaction require 1 ATP to give it's phosphate group to 3 phosphoglycerate to produce 1,3 bis phosphoglycerate . Step 6: 1,3 bis phosphoglycerate is then converted to glycerol aldehyde 3 phosphate catalyzed by glycerol aldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase , this reaction utilize NADH which oxidize ...
cellular respiration - wlhs.wlwv.k12.or.us
... *the transfer of electrons from 1 element to another, more electronegative element (e.g. from H to O) releases stored potential energy - - this chemical energy can be put to work! ...
... *the transfer of electrons from 1 element to another, more electronegative element (e.g. from H to O) releases stored potential energy - - this chemical energy can be put to work! ...
Name - Humble ISD
... True / False – If the statement is true, write “true” on the line provided. If the statement is false, change the underlined, italicized word to make the statement true and write the correct word on the line provided. ______________________ 43. All enzymes are composed of lipids. ___________________ ...
... True / False – If the statement is true, write “true” on the line provided. If the statement is false, change the underlined, italicized word to make the statement true and write the correct word on the line provided. ______________________ 43. All enzymes are composed of lipids. ___________________ ...
biomolecule notes
... a. aka – organic compounds b. bio = life, molecule = group of atoms c. all contain carbon ...
... a. aka – organic compounds b. bio = life, molecule = group of atoms c. all contain carbon ...
chapter 4 pptol
... “Prep” steps or intermediate steps Citric acid cycle (aka TCA or Kreb’s Cycle) Electron transport system Glycolysis Series of ten reactions Breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules Occurs in cytosol ...
... “Prep” steps or intermediate steps Citric acid cycle (aka TCA or Kreb’s Cycle) Electron transport system Glycolysis Series of ten reactions Breaks down glucose into 2 pyruvic acid molecules Occurs in cytosol ...
Welcome to Class 8
... Oxygen has a higher affinity for electrons than glucose and the various electron carriers (e.g. NADH).! ...
... Oxygen has a higher affinity for electrons than glucose and the various electron carriers (e.g. NADH).! ...
Welcome to Class 8 - (canvas.brown.edu).
... Oxygen has a higher affinity for electrons than glucose and the various electron carriers (e.g. NADH).! ...
... Oxygen has a higher affinity for electrons than glucose and the various electron carriers (e.g. NADH).! ...
Biology 233
... gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis (Protein synthesis is the main use of amino acids. The body uses carbohydrates and lipids for energy first, when possible, to conserve body proteins) PROTEIN CATABOLISM deamination – amino group (NH2) removed from amino acids occurs in liver produces nitrogenous wastes a ...
... gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis (Protein synthesis is the main use of amino acids. The body uses carbohydrates and lipids for energy first, when possible, to conserve body proteins) PROTEIN CATABOLISM deamination – amino group (NH2) removed from amino acids occurs in liver produces nitrogenous wastes a ...
Chap 7 Energy from Food
... Process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid. ...
... Process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid. ...
ENERGY SYSTEMS
... This takes place in the cristae of the mitochondria where three important events take place: ...
... This takes place in the cristae of the mitochondria where three important events take place: ...
ATP-PCr System
... and free fatty acids (FFAs). FFAs travel via blood to muscle fibers and are broken down by enzymes in the mitochondria into acetic acid which is converted to acetyl CoA. Aceytl CoA enters the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. Fat oxidation requires more oxygen and generates more en ...
... and free fatty acids (FFAs). FFAs travel via blood to muscle fibers and are broken down by enzymes in the mitochondria into acetic acid which is converted to acetyl CoA. Aceytl CoA enters the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain. Fat oxidation requires more oxygen and generates more en ...
Sydney Newsom - Center for Undergraduate Research
... initiation, growth, and resistance to treatments. Cancer cells produce energy through a process termed the Warburg Effect, where after glycolysis, which coverts glucose into pyruvate and produces energy in the forms of ATP and NADH, the cells undergo lactic acid fermentation in their intercellular f ...
... initiation, growth, and resistance to treatments. Cancer cells produce energy through a process termed the Warburg Effect, where after glycolysis, which coverts glucose into pyruvate and produces energy in the forms of ATP and NADH, the cells undergo lactic acid fermentation in their intercellular f ...
Anorexia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa
... RECORD: time consuming but accurate log of all consumed foods/drinks; depends on compliance. Most useful if run over longer periods 24 hr RECALL: quick, provides a snapshot of intake- how good is the patients memory? Diet History: for long-term accustomed food intake, eg. on average, what do you eat ...
... RECORD: time consuming but accurate log of all consumed foods/drinks; depends on compliance. Most useful if run over longer periods 24 hr RECALL: quick, provides a snapshot of intake- how good is the patients memory? Diet History: for long-term accustomed food intake, eg. on average, what do you eat ...
Untitled
... concentration decrease energy yielding reactions such as glycolysis & promote synthetic reactions such as lipogenesis which uses ATP, while high ADP concentration stimulate energy-yielding pathway. 4. Liver : which contains a variety of enzymes & most nutrient pass through it, providing an opportuni ...
... concentration decrease energy yielding reactions such as glycolysis & promote synthetic reactions such as lipogenesis which uses ATP, while high ADP concentration stimulate energy-yielding pathway. 4. Liver : which contains a variety of enzymes & most nutrient pass through it, providing an opportuni ...
Document
... • Yoghurt is formed when bacteria act on lactose (sugar in the milk), producing lactic acid and changing the texture and taste of the milk • Different type of bacteria is added for cheese, making much more lactic acid is made and it is thicker (curds) • This is cooled and left in moulds to set and t ...
... • Yoghurt is formed when bacteria act on lactose (sugar in the milk), producing lactic acid and changing the texture and taste of the milk • Different type of bacteria is added for cheese, making much more lactic acid is made and it is thicker (curds) • This is cooled and left in moulds to set and t ...
Sample
... 14. Energy expenditure over a long period of normal activity is best measured using a. A sensitive whole body calorimeter b. Doubly labeled water c. Measuring oxygen consumption d. Looking up the energy cost of each activity and taking an average e. A treadmill with variable resistance/speed 15. Wha ...
... 14. Energy expenditure over a long period of normal activity is best measured using a. A sensitive whole body calorimeter b. Doubly labeled water c. Measuring oxygen consumption d. Looking up the energy cost of each activity and taking an average e. A treadmill with variable resistance/speed 15. Wha ...
print last name first name
... 3. ATP is available for use to make a dipeptide from two component amino acids. Δ G0 for the hydrolysis of ATP is –8 kcal/mol, and Δ G0 for the formation of the dipeptide is +0.5 kcal/mol. a. What is the net Δ G0 for this reaction? ___________________________ b. For a reaction at equilibrium, show t ...
... 3. ATP is available for use to make a dipeptide from two component amino acids. Δ G0 for the hydrolysis of ATP is –8 kcal/mol, and Δ G0 for the formation of the dipeptide is +0.5 kcal/mol. a. What is the net Δ G0 for this reaction? ___________________________ b. For a reaction at equilibrium, show t ...
Overview of Energy and Metabolism
... Metabolism is the ability to acquire and use energy from the environment. Metabolic processes are all the chemical reactions that occur in cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Two Kinds of Metabolic Reactions: 1. Catabolism = breakdown of large molecules into simple ones to produce energy. (re ...
... Metabolism is the ability to acquire and use energy from the environment. Metabolic processes are all the chemical reactions that occur in cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems. Two Kinds of Metabolic Reactions: 1. Catabolism = breakdown of large molecules into simple ones to produce energy. (re ...
Document
... even at high blood glucose levels. If β-cells had GLUT transporters with a Km lower or nearly equal to that of fasting blood glucose levels, the transporters would be easily saturated and unable to deliver increasing amounts of glucose to these cells when glucose levels are high, such as after a mea ...
... even at high blood glucose levels. If β-cells had GLUT transporters with a Km lower or nearly equal to that of fasting blood glucose levels, the transporters would be easily saturated and unable to deliver increasing amounts of glucose to these cells when glucose levels are high, such as after a mea ...
Glycolysis
... the keto in pyruvate to a hydroxyl, yielding lactate, as NADH is oxidized to NAD+. Lactate, in addition to being an end-product of fermentation, serves as a mobile form of nutrient energy, & possibly as a signal molecule in mammalian organisms. Cell membranes contain carrier proteins that facilitate ...
... the keto in pyruvate to a hydroxyl, yielding lactate, as NADH is oxidized to NAD+. Lactate, in addition to being an end-product of fermentation, serves as a mobile form of nutrient energy, & possibly as a signal molecule in mammalian organisms. Cell membranes contain carrier proteins that facilitate ...
Glycolysis
... Local control of metabolism involves regulatory effects of varied concentrations of pathway substrates or intermediates, to benefit the cell. Global control is for the benefit of the whole organism, & often involves hormone-activated signal cascades. Liver cells have major roles in metabolism, i ...
... Local control of metabolism involves regulatory effects of varied concentrations of pathway substrates or intermediates, to benefit the cell. Global control is for the benefit of the whole organism, & often involves hormone-activated signal cascades. Liver cells have major roles in metabolism, i ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑