Bioenergetics of Exercise and Training
... – Requires molecular oxygen – Primary source of ATP at rest and during relatively low-intensity activities – Uses primarily carbohydrates and fats as substrates, except in long duration aerobic events greater than 1.5-2 hrs (eg, marathons), where protein is used as a substrate to a much higher exten ...
... – Requires molecular oxygen – Primary source of ATP at rest and during relatively low-intensity activities – Uses primarily carbohydrates and fats as substrates, except in long duration aerobic events greater than 1.5-2 hrs (eg, marathons), where protein is used as a substrate to a much higher exten ...
NO OXYGEN!
... when oxygen is not available. For example, in muscle tissues during rapid and vigorous exercise, muscle cells may be depleted of oxygen. They then switch from respiration to fermentation. ...
... when oxygen is not available. For example, in muscle tissues during rapid and vigorous exercise, muscle cells may be depleted of oxygen. They then switch from respiration to fermentation. ...
Medical Microbiology Lecture 5 Third class/ Dentistry College The
... In the initial six-carbon stage, glucose is phosphorylated twice and eventually converted to fructose 1,6- bisphosphate. This preliminary stage does not yield energy; in fact, two ATP molecules are expended for each glucose. The three-carbon stage of glycolysis begins when the enzyme fructose 1,6bis ...
... In the initial six-carbon stage, glucose is phosphorylated twice and eventually converted to fructose 1,6- bisphosphate. This preliminary stage does not yield energy; in fact, two ATP molecules are expended for each glucose. The three-carbon stage of glycolysis begins when the enzyme fructose 1,6bis ...
CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... It is the second of three metabolic pathways that are involved in fuel molecule catabolism and ATP production, the other two being glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. The citric acid cycle also provides precursors for many compounds such as certain amino acids, and some of its reactions are th ...
... It is the second of three metabolic pathways that are involved in fuel molecule catabolism and ATP production, the other two being glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. The citric acid cycle also provides precursors for many compounds such as certain amino acids, and some of its reactions are th ...
Extension worksheet – Option C - Cambridge Resources for the IB
... An allosteric, non-competitive inhibitor may combine with an enzyme and cause the shape of the active site to change so that the substrate cannot bind to it. Such inhibitors, if they bind reversibly, can act in end-product inhibition of metabolic reactions. End-product inhibition is an example of ne ...
... An allosteric, non-competitive inhibitor may combine with an enzyme and cause the shape of the active site to change so that the substrate cannot bind to it. Such inhibitors, if they bind reversibly, can act in end-product inhibition of metabolic reactions. End-product inhibition is an example of ne ...
A closer look at cellular respiration
... The electron transport system consists of a series of electron carrier molecules (different from the electron shuttles). These carrier molecules are embedded in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. The ...
... The electron transport system consists of a series of electron carrier molecules (different from the electron shuttles). These carrier molecules are embedded in the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. The ...
File
... the energy is used to actively transport H+ ions out of the mitochondrial matrix, setting up a proton gradient. • ATP synthase in the membrane uses the H+ gradient to synthesize ATP by chemiosmosis. ...
... the energy is used to actively transport H+ ions out of the mitochondrial matrix, setting up a proton gradient. • ATP synthase in the membrane uses the H+ gradient to synthesize ATP by chemiosmosis. ...
lecture CH24 chem131pikul
... •Steps [1] – [5] comprise the energy investment phase, where 2 ATP molecules are hydrolyzed. •The 6-carbon glucose molecule is converted into two 3-carbon segments. •Steps [6] – [10] comprise the energygenerating phase, producing 1 NADH and 2 ATPs for each pyruvate formed. Smith, Janice Gorzynski. G ...
... •Steps [1] – [5] comprise the energy investment phase, where 2 ATP molecules are hydrolyzed. •The 6-carbon glucose molecule is converted into two 3-carbon segments. •Steps [6] – [10] comprise the energygenerating phase, producing 1 NADH and 2 ATPs for each pyruvate formed. Smith, Janice Gorzynski. G ...
Respiration 2 PPT
... chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis • NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation through ...
... chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis • NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation through ...
BSC 2010 - Exam I Lectures and Text Pages Citric Acid Cycle • Citric
... chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis • NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation through ...
... chemiosmosis couples electron transport to ATP synthesis • NADH and FADH2 – Donate electrons to the electron transport chain, which powers ATP synthesis via oxidative phosphorylation through ...
Respiration involves the oxidation of glucose and other compounds
... Acetyl CoA is oxidized to yield CO2 and reduced coenzymes. Three reactions in the Krebs cycle reduce the coenzyme NAD+ to NADH, and one reduces the coenzyme FAD to FADH2. The reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH2) store the energy released in glucose oxidation. ...
... Acetyl CoA is oxidized to yield CO2 and reduced coenzymes. Three reactions in the Krebs cycle reduce the coenzyme NAD+ to NADH, and one reduces the coenzyme FAD to FADH2. The reduced coenzymes (NADH and FADH2) store the energy released in glucose oxidation. ...
review-examIII-2011
... inhibitor of HMG-CoA reducdase (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase). Predict and explain the effect of this drug on serum cholesterol levels in humans. ...
... inhibitor of HMG-CoA reducdase (hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase). Predict and explain the effect of this drug on serum cholesterol levels in humans. ...
Sol: A process of physio
... of the citric acid cycle. The energy is not released unless NADH and FADH are oxidized through the ETS. The oxidation means ‘removal of electrons from it’. Metabolic pathway through which the electron passes from one carrier to another is called “Electron transport system” It is operative in the inn ...
... of the citric acid cycle. The energy is not released unless NADH and FADH are oxidized through the ETS. The oxidation means ‘removal of electrons from it’. Metabolic pathway through which the electron passes from one carrier to another is called “Electron transport system” It is operative in the inn ...
bioc-2200-a-biol-2200-a-mock-final-exam
... e. only tetroses and pentoses 62. All of the following statements about the pentose phosphate pathway are true EXCEPT a. Its two functions are to produce NADPH and ribose-5-P b. It uses glucose-6-P as a substrate when producing NADPH and CO2 c. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is the control enzyme ...
... e. only tetroses and pentoses 62. All of the following statements about the pentose phosphate pathway are true EXCEPT a. Its two functions are to produce NADPH and ribose-5-P b. It uses glucose-6-P as a substrate when producing NADPH and CO2 c. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase is the control enzyme ...
Chapter 6 and 17 notes
... The function of ATP is energy storage The bond linking the last phosphate group is a high-energy bond When the third phosphate is removed, it can attach to another compound and transfer the energy from that high-energy bond. This transfer of energy is phosphorylation Removing the third pho ...
... The function of ATP is energy storage The bond linking the last phosphate group is a high-energy bond When the third phosphate is removed, it can attach to another compound and transfer the energy from that high-energy bond. This transfer of energy is phosphorylation Removing the third pho ...
Motoneuron Muscle Glucose Uptake
... Circle of Distinguished Alumni first described this mechanism for glucose transport across the membrane, such as occurs during muscle contraction ...
... Circle of Distinguished Alumni first described this mechanism for glucose transport across the membrane, such as occurs during muscle contraction ...
Electron Transport Chain
... energy that is harnessed to make ATP. As H+ ions escape through ion channels back into the matrix, ________________ ATP SYNTHASE spins and adds a phosphate to ADP to ATP form _______ ...
... energy that is harnessed to make ATP. As H+ ions escape through ion channels back into the matrix, ________________ ATP SYNTHASE spins and adds a phosphate to ADP to ATP form _______ ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑