• In the cell, nutrients and oxygen, have different electron affinities.
... In CELL: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + HEAT + 32 ATP ALL molecules are in moles: 6 O2 means 6 moles of O2; one mole of O2 has a volume of 22.4 liters 32 ATP means 32 moles of ATP; one mole of ATP = 507 grams In a person 134.4 liters of O2 are used to produce 16224 grams of ATP from the potential ...
... In CELL: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6H2O + HEAT + 32 ATP ALL molecules are in moles: 6 O2 means 6 moles of O2; one mole of O2 has a volume of 22.4 liters 32 ATP means 32 moles of ATP; one mole of ATP = 507 grams In a person 134.4 liters of O2 are used to produce 16224 grams of ATP from the potential ...
Cellular Respiration Oxidation of Pyruvate Krebs Cycle
... releases 2 CO2 (count the carbons!) reduces 2 NAD 2 NADH (moves e ) ...
... releases 2 CO2 (count the carbons!) reduces 2 NAD 2 NADH (moves e ) ...
Biology 12 - Biologically Important Molecules – Review Worksheet
... a fatty acid that has a "kink" in it due to a double bond between carbon atoms a disaccharide consisting of two glucose molecules a class of molecules that includes neutral fats and steroids a chemical that resists changes in pH a 6 carbon sugar that forms a 6-membered ring -- used as energy source ...
... a fatty acid that has a "kink" in it due to a double bond between carbon atoms a disaccharide consisting of two glucose molecules a class of molecules that includes neutral fats and steroids a chemical that resists changes in pH a 6 carbon sugar that forms a 6-membered ring -- used as energy source ...
Exam 1 Q2 Review Sheet
... why they cause a problem. For example, why would DNP be an excellent weight loss drug? 27. It turns out that you need only very small amounts of vitamin B3 (niacin), which is used to make NAD+. The same goes for riboflavin, the vitamin used in the synthesis of FAD. However, you have incredible numbe ...
... why they cause a problem. For example, why would DNP be an excellent weight loss drug? 27. It turns out that you need only very small amounts of vitamin B3 (niacin), which is used to make NAD+. The same goes for riboflavin, the vitamin used in the synthesis of FAD. However, you have incredible numbe ...
C485 Exam I
... 4. (10 Pts) What tag is used to label proteins for degradation? Show the first enzymatic reaction used to activate and form this tag. Comment on the energy requirements for this reaction. Why is this necessary? See figure 23.3. This reaction requires the equivalent of 2 ATP cleavages (ATP goes to AM ...
... 4. (10 Pts) What tag is used to label proteins for degradation? Show the first enzymatic reaction used to activate and form this tag. Comment on the energy requirements for this reaction. Why is this necessary? See figure 23.3. This reaction requires the equivalent of 2 ATP cleavages (ATP goes to AM ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... The First Stage of Respiration for ALL living organisms, anaerobes or aerobes, is called Glycolysis and takes place in the Cytosol. ...
... The First Stage of Respiration for ALL living organisms, anaerobes or aerobes, is called Glycolysis and takes place in the Cytosol. ...
Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... The First Stage of Respiration for ALL living organisms, anaerobes or aerobes, is called Glycolysis and takes place in the Cytosol. ...
... The First Stage of Respiration for ALL living organisms, anaerobes or aerobes, is called Glycolysis and takes place in the Cytosol. ...
Chapter 4 Cellular Metabolism
... proceed more _rapidly_. Because they do this, enzymes are called _catalysts___. The substances the enzymes act on are called ___substrates. Each enzyme is specific. List 3 factors that may alter the action of an enzyme. Concentration of enzyme, concentration of substrate, temperature Energy: ATP is ...
... proceed more _rapidly_. Because they do this, enzymes are called _catalysts___. The substances the enzymes act on are called ___substrates. Each enzyme is specific. List 3 factors that may alter the action of an enzyme. Concentration of enzyme, concentration of substrate, temperature Energy: ATP is ...
Fermentation and Cellular Respiration
... that are bound to membranes. In the case of prokaryotic cells, these membranes are cell membranes, while within most eukaryotic cells, the membranes involved are the inner folded membranes or cristae of mitochondria. The electron transport chain or system involves a series of membrane-bound proteins ...
... that are bound to membranes. In the case of prokaryotic cells, these membranes are cell membranes, while within most eukaryotic cells, the membranes involved are the inner folded membranes or cristae of mitochondria. The electron transport chain or system involves a series of membrane-bound proteins ...
8.2 HL Respiration pPractice Questions
... □ Outline the process of glycolysis, including phosphorylation, lysis, oxidation and ATP formation. 2 In the cytoplasm, one hexose sugar is converted into two three-carbon atom compounds (pyruvate) with a net gain of two ATP and two NADH + H+. □ Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of a mi ...
... □ Outline the process of glycolysis, including phosphorylation, lysis, oxidation and ATP formation. 2 In the cytoplasm, one hexose sugar is converted into two three-carbon atom compounds (pyruvate) with a net gain of two ATP and two NADH + H+. □ Draw and label a diagram showing the structure of a mi ...
Organ Integration and Control
... In this mode glucose can be made from a number of sources including: 1. Glycerol from fat breakdown 2. Alanine from protein breakdown – alanine cycle 3. Lactate (Red blood cells, Muscle) – Cori Cycle ...
... In this mode glucose can be made from a number of sources including: 1. Glycerol from fat breakdown 2. Alanine from protein breakdown – alanine cycle 3. Lactate (Red blood cells, Muscle) – Cori Cycle ...
Cell Metabolism - Florida International University
... Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) 1) Oxidation Process of combining oxygen with another chemical to release energy by removal of electrons. ...
... Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) 1) Oxidation Process of combining oxygen with another chemical to release energy by removal of electrons. ...
notes - is234
... Cellular respiration is the process used by humans and most other organisms to release the energy stored in the food they consume. ...
... Cellular respiration is the process used by humans and most other organisms to release the energy stored in the food they consume. ...
Glycolysis
... Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of cells and is essentially an anaerobic process since the pathway’s principle steps do not require oxygen. The glycolytic pathway is often referred to as the EmbfenMeyerhof pathway in honor of the two of the three biochemical pioneers (What about Jacob Parnas?) who ...
... Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of cells and is essentially an anaerobic process since the pathway’s principle steps do not require oxygen. The glycolytic pathway is often referred to as the EmbfenMeyerhof pathway in honor of the two of the three biochemical pioneers (What about Jacob Parnas?) who ...
Cellular Respiration
... In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration Each NADH (the reduction form ...
... In cellular respiration, glucose and other organic molecules are broken down in a series of steps Electrons from organic compounds are usually first transferred to NAD+, a coenzyme As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration Each NADH (the reduction form ...
Powerpoint lecture slides
... 4 net ATP (2 from glycolysis, 2 for each pyruvate in CAC) 10 NADH (2 glycolysis, 2 transition, 6 CAC) ...
... 4 net ATP (2 from glycolysis, 2 for each pyruvate in CAC) 10 NADH (2 glycolysis, 2 transition, 6 CAC) ...
Photosynthesis (briefly) and Cellular Respiration (aerobic
... Photosynthesis transforms kinetic energy (light) into potential energy (chemical bonds in glucose) ...
... Photosynthesis transforms kinetic energy (light) into potential energy (chemical bonds in glucose) ...
PACK 3 - Speyside High School
... Some chemical reactions are Anabolic and involve the building of complex molecular structures from simpler ones - eg Protein synthesis; amino acid synthesis. These reactions are Endergonic - they need energy. Living things have the ability to link these energy consuming and energy producing reaction ...
... Some chemical reactions are Anabolic and involve the building of complex molecular structures from simpler ones - eg Protein synthesis; amino acid synthesis. These reactions are Endergonic - they need energy. Living things have the ability to link these energy consuming and energy producing reaction ...
The citric acid cycle • Also known as the Kreb`s cycle
... Energy production from 1 pyruvate (and from 1 TCA cycle): Every pyruvate generates: 1 NADH from pyruvate dehydrogenase 3 NADH from TCA cycle 1 ATP from TCA cycle 1 FADH2 from TCA cycle ...
... Energy production from 1 pyruvate (and from 1 TCA cycle): Every pyruvate generates: 1 NADH from pyruvate dehydrogenase 3 NADH from TCA cycle 1 ATP from TCA cycle 1 FADH2 from TCA cycle ...
Prentice Hall Biology
... Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration I. Overview of Cellular Respiration (Know sequence of events) Definition – The process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down _______ and other food molecules in the presence of ________ (_________). This is an _______ reaction. NAD+ acts as the electron carri ...
... Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration I. Overview of Cellular Respiration (Know sequence of events) Definition – The process that releases energy (ATP) by breaking down _______ and other food molecules in the presence of ________ (_________). This is an _______ reaction. NAD+ acts as the electron carri ...
Chapter 9 review sheet
... intermembrane space, ATP synthase, oxygen, hydrolysed, ATP, ADP, Pi, H+(protons), electrochemical gradient, cristae, Coenzyme A, pyruvate, Krebs, cytoplasm, substrate, product, intermediate, glucose transporter, reduced, oxidized, facilitated diffusion, grooming, CO2, kinetic energy, potential energ ...
... intermembrane space, ATP synthase, oxygen, hydrolysed, ATP, ADP, Pi, H+(protons), electrochemical gradient, cristae, Coenzyme A, pyruvate, Krebs, cytoplasm, substrate, product, intermediate, glucose transporter, reduced, oxidized, facilitated diffusion, grooming, CO2, kinetic energy, potential energ ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑