Cellular Respiration
... Anaerobic Respiration • As you might remember, the electrons collected during glycolysis are carried away by NAD+ (forming NADH). • W/O oxygen, the Kreb’s cycle cannot occur so the NADH DO NOT enter the mitochondria they build up in the cytosol/ cytoplasm instead. • Without (recycled) NAD+s to carr ...
... Anaerobic Respiration • As you might remember, the electrons collected during glycolysis are carried away by NAD+ (forming NADH). • W/O oxygen, the Kreb’s cycle cannot occur so the NADH DO NOT enter the mitochondria they build up in the cytosol/ cytoplasm instead. • Without (recycled) NAD+s to carr ...
aerobic respiration
... Glucose → 2 pyruvates “Universal energy-harvesting process of life” Initial energy-releasing mechanism for all cells Occurs in cytosol ...
... Glucose → 2 pyruvates “Universal energy-harvesting process of life” Initial energy-releasing mechanism for all cells Occurs in cytosol ...
Chapter 9 - Cellular Respiration
... Lactic Acid Fermentation • In muscle tissues during rapid and vigorous exercise, muscle cells may be depleted of oxygen. • Muscles then switch from respiration to lacticacid fermentation. ...
... Lactic Acid Fermentation • In muscle tissues during rapid and vigorous exercise, muscle cells may be depleted of oxygen. • Muscles then switch from respiration to lacticacid fermentation. ...
Lecture 19
... •Isozymes: enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but are encoded by different genes and have different kinetic of regulatory properties. •Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): type M [skeletal muscle and liver] participates in the reduction of pyruvate to lactate (using NADH) while type H [heart muscle] ca ...
... •Isozymes: enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but are encoded by different genes and have different kinetic of regulatory properties. •Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): type M [skeletal muscle and liver] participates in the reduction of pyruvate to lactate (using NADH) while type H [heart muscle] ca ...
Respiration Student Copy
... anaerobic respiration, and the next day, all that lactic acid makes that tissue sore. ...
... anaerobic respiration, and the next day, all that lactic acid makes that tissue sore. ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... Also known as the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the citric acid cycle is at the center of cellular metabolism. It plays a starring role in both the process of energy production and biosynthesis. The cycle finishes the sugar-breaking job started in glycolysis and fuels the production o ...
... Also known as the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the citric acid cycle is at the center of cellular metabolism. It plays a starring role in both the process of energy production and biosynthesis. The cycle finishes the sugar-breaking job started in glycolysis and fuels the production o ...
The_Light_Independent_Reactions
... form an unstable 6 carbon compound. • RuBP is a CO2 acceptor molecule. • This process is catalysed by the enzyme RUBISCO and is a carboxylation reaction • RUBISCO is made in chloroplasts using chloroplast DNA • The 6C compound immediately splits into two molecules of a 3C compound called glycerate-3 ...
... form an unstable 6 carbon compound. • RuBP is a CO2 acceptor molecule. • This process is catalysed by the enzyme RUBISCO and is a carboxylation reaction • RUBISCO is made in chloroplasts using chloroplast DNA • The 6C compound immediately splits into two molecules of a 3C compound called glycerate-3 ...
Module 3 Practice Questions - Bangen Athletic Development
... 1. If Bill has a greater density of mitochondria than Steve does, while performing the same aerobic exercise Bill will likely have A. Less lactic acid than Steve B. More lactic acid than Steve C. About the same amount of lactic acid as Steve D. Not enough information to answer the question ...
... 1. If Bill has a greater density of mitochondria than Steve does, while performing the same aerobic exercise Bill will likely have A. Less lactic acid than Steve B. More lactic acid than Steve C. About the same amount of lactic acid as Steve D. Not enough information to answer the question ...
Citric Acid Cycle - Progetto e
... Also known as the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the citric acid cycle is at the center of cellular metabolism. It plays a starring role in both the process of energy production and biosynthesis. The cycle finishes the sugar-breaking job started in glycolysis and fuels the production o ...
... Also known as the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle, the citric acid cycle is at the center of cellular metabolism. It plays a starring role in both the process of energy production and biosynthesis. The cycle finishes the sugar-breaking job started in glycolysis and fuels the production o ...
Chapter 26 - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... • FADH2 releases its electron pairs further along electron-transport system – enough energy to synthesize 2 ATP ...
... • FADH2 releases its electron pairs further along electron-transport system – enough energy to synthesize 2 ATP ...
05. Metabolism of carbohydrates 1
... transformed to pyruvate with production of a small amount of energy in the form of ATP or NADH. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process (it does not require oxygen). Glycolysis pathway is used by anaerobic as well as aerobic organisms. In glycolysis one molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules ...
... transformed to pyruvate with production of a small amount of energy in the form of ATP or NADH. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process (it does not require oxygen). Glycolysis pathway is used by anaerobic as well as aerobic organisms. In glycolysis one molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules ...
Problem-Set Solutions
... phosphoenolpyruvate, can also act as an intermediate in the first step of the citric acid cycle; oxaloacetate combines with acetyl CoA, which can go directly into the citric acid cycle. 24.70 GTP and ATP 24.71 Lactate formed by muscle activity diffuses into the blood and is carried to the liver wher ...
... phosphoenolpyruvate, can also act as an intermediate in the first step of the citric acid cycle; oxaloacetate combines with acetyl CoA, which can go directly into the citric acid cycle. 24.70 GTP and ATP 24.71 Lactate formed by muscle activity diffuses into the blood and is carried to the liver wher ...
Microbial Metabolism - ASAB-NUST
... matrix. • In eucaryotes they are found in the mitochondrial matrix. • The complete cycle appears to be functional in many aerobic bacteria, free-living protists, and fungi. ...
... matrix. • In eucaryotes they are found in the mitochondrial matrix. • The complete cycle appears to be functional in many aerobic bacteria, free-living protists, and fungi. ...
Pyruvic acid is a valuable chemical intermediate in the production of
... and Bioprocessing. High density, double recombinant, P. pastoris fermentation (100 g cells/L) was achieved at the 30 L scale. After fermentation, these cells were treated with a proprietary process (2) to enable whole-cell biocatalysis and increase enzyme activity (85 U/g cells‡ for GO, 200 U/g cell ...
... and Bioprocessing. High density, double recombinant, P. pastoris fermentation (100 g cells/L) was achieved at the 30 L scale. After fermentation, these cells were treated with a proprietary process (2) to enable whole-cell biocatalysis and increase enzyme activity (85 U/g cells‡ for GO, 200 U/g cell ...
Gluconeogenesis - Assignment Point
... substrates. Like many metabolic pathways it happens mostly in the liver, and is triggered by the action of insulin. Gluconeogenesis begins with various substrates converted into pyruvate.and this proceed though what is essentially the reverse of glycosis(except for a few committed steps). 3 and ...
... substrates. Like many metabolic pathways it happens mostly in the liver, and is triggered by the action of insulin. Gluconeogenesis begins with various substrates converted into pyruvate.and this proceed though what is essentially the reverse of glycosis(except for a few committed steps). 3 and ...
Energy Metabolism
... Animals - organic molecules from food are broken down to simpler molecules, such as carbon dioxide and water Photosynthetic organisms (plants, cyanobacteria) - electron-transfer reactions do not release energy, but are used as a way of storing energy absorbed from sunlight ...
... Animals - organic molecules from food are broken down to simpler molecules, such as carbon dioxide and water Photosynthetic organisms (plants, cyanobacteria) - electron-transfer reactions do not release energy, but are used as a way of storing energy absorbed from sunlight ...
Energy Metabolism
... Animals - organic molecules from food are broken down to simpler molecules, such as carbon dioxide and water Photosynthetic organisms (plants, cyanobacteria) - electron-transfer reactions do not release energy, but are used as a way of storing energy absorbed from sunlight ...
... Animals - organic molecules from food are broken down to simpler molecules, such as carbon dioxide and water Photosynthetic organisms (plants, cyanobacteria) - electron-transfer reactions do not release energy, but are used as a way of storing energy absorbed from sunlight ...
Workshop: Biology 3 Final Ray Chen Lilit Haroyan
... • Inorganic chemistry - chemistry of the nonliving world • Organic chemistry - chemistry of the living world – Carbon-based molecules are called organic compounds – By sharing electrons (what type of bond?), carbon can bond to four other atoms – By doing so, it can branch in up to four directions • ...
... • Inorganic chemistry - chemistry of the nonliving world • Organic chemistry - chemistry of the living world – Carbon-based molecules are called organic compounds – By sharing electrons (what type of bond?), carbon can bond to four other atoms – By doing so, it can branch in up to four directions • ...
Cellular Respiration notes
... transferred to make 4 ATP (substrate phosphorylation). f. Although glycolysis makes 4 ATP, the net ATP production by this step is 2 ATP (because 2 ATP were used to start glycolysis). The 2 net ATP are available for cell use. g. If oxygen is available to the cell, the pyruvate will move into the mi ...
... transferred to make 4 ATP (substrate phosphorylation). f. Although glycolysis makes 4 ATP, the net ATP production by this step is 2 ATP (because 2 ATP were used to start glycolysis). The 2 net ATP are available for cell use. g. If oxygen is available to the cell, the pyruvate will move into the mi ...
BIO 330 Cell Biology Lecture Outline Spring 2011 Chapter 10
... Acetyl CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + ADP + Pi 2CO2 + 3NADH + FADH2 + CoA—SH + ATP For each glucose molecule: 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 2 ATP are produced For each glucose molecule, including glycolysis, Acetyl CoA formation, and TCA cycle: 10 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 ATP G. Regulation of TCA cycle Allosteric regulation ...
... Acetyl CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + ADP + Pi 2CO2 + 3NADH + FADH2 + CoA—SH + ATP For each glucose molecule: 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 2 ATP are produced For each glucose molecule, including glycolysis, Acetyl CoA formation, and TCA cycle: 10 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 ATP G. Regulation of TCA cycle Allosteric regulation ...
3.2 Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins
... Role in Plants or Animals Chemical fuel for cell respiration in both plants and animals ...
... Role in Plants or Animals Chemical fuel for cell respiration in both plants and animals ...
Overview of Metabolism Chapter
... metabolism that require removal of electrons (i.e., virtually all pathways that degrade fuel molecules) must stop. However, most cells can continue glycolysis, at least for a short time, because they have the ability to oxidize NADH through an alternative pathway that does not require oxygen: fermen ...
... metabolism that require removal of electrons (i.e., virtually all pathways that degrade fuel molecules) must stop. However, most cells can continue glycolysis, at least for a short time, because they have the ability to oxidize NADH through an alternative pathway that does not require oxygen: fermen ...
Biomolecule SG_answers
... Saturated fats (butter, dairy products, meat) are fats which are evenly filled out with hydrogen, which remains solid at room temperature. UNSATURATED - COME FROM PLANTS, LIQUID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE, MISSING HYDROGENS, DOUBLE BONDS Unsaturated fatty acids that your body can’t manufacture and, therefo ...
... Saturated fats (butter, dairy products, meat) are fats which are evenly filled out with hydrogen, which remains solid at room temperature. UNSATURATED - COME FROM PLANTS, LIQUID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE, MISSING HYDROGENS, DOUBLE BONDS Unsaturated fatty acids that your body can’t manufacture and, therefo ...
Dear Notetaker:
... Excellent at working under low oxygen conditions o Produces lactate or lactic acid o This then moves out into the blood and travels to the liver o The liver uses the lactate for gluconeogenesis Glycolysis occurs in the muscle and gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver Occurring in different place ...
... Excellent at working under low oxygen conditions o Produces lactate or lactic acid o This then moves out into the blood and travels to the liver o The liver uses the lactate for gluconeogenesis Glycolysis occurs in the muscle and gluconeogenesis occurs in the liver Occurring in different place ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑