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Respiration
Your body does it millions of times
at once!
What is respiration?
• Physiological definition: The act of
exchanging gasses with the environment
– mammals : inhale air, exhale CO2
• Biochemical definition aka cellular
respiration:
__________________________________
__________________________________
__________________________________
Respiration in mammals
1. Air is inhaled through the lungs (breathing)
2. _____________________ inside red blood
cells capture O2
3. Blood with O2 is pumped through the body to
all tissues
4. In capillaries, cells
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
5. O2 diffuses into the cell, and is
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
molecules and make ATP
How does O2 get into the blood?
• Lungs are mostly a collection of
____________________________________,
and they are surrounded by
______________________________________
• As you inhale, the alveoli fill up with air, which
contains O2
• Because there is more O2 in the lungs than in
the blood,
______________________________________
______________________________________
______________________________________
• Blood coming from the lungs is red because
______________________________________
How does O2 get into cells?
• Cells and tissues receive all
nutrients (food, O2, water)
______________________
• When blood from the lungs
reaches cells, there
are______________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
• At the same time,
________________________
________________________
________________________
________________________
where there is almost no CO2
How do animal cells use O2?
• Cells break down glucose
molecules to create ATP,
the energy storing
molecule
• O2 is a crucial molecule in
this process
• Aerobic respiration
– ______________________
– ______________________
– What our bodies do 95% of
the time
What happens without O2
• Anaerobic respiration
– _________________________________________
– Much less efficient, takes place during emergencies
when not enough O2 is available
– Produces alcohol in yeasts
– _______________________________________
• EX: When running away from a tiger, your
muscles need lots of ATP FAST, but your heart
can’t pump enough O2 for aerobic respiration to
produce enough ATP. Your muscles switch to
anaerobic respiration, and the next day, all that
lactic acid makes that tissue sore.
How does your body use ATP?
• _________ is the most
important energy provider
for cells in all tissues
• ____________________
____________________
releases energy used in
other reactions in the cell
• ____________________
• ADP is recycled and the
Pi group is put back on
___________________
Using ATP during active transport
• ATP is
____________________
____________________
by the Na+/K+ pump
• Energy released during
ATP hydrolysis is used
____________________
____________________
concentration gradients
• ADP is transported back
____________________
____________________
____________________
during cellular respiration
Cellular Respiration
• A very complicated molecular mechanism
of transferring energy from glucose to ATP
• Many steps that have to be memorized
– Make flash cards and study them
– Make up a song
– Draw the mechanism over and over again
– Explain it to your mom