Download Biomolecule SG_answers

Name ________________________________
Date __________________
Biomolecules Study Guide
Organic Molecules contain ______carbon_________
List 3 things about Carbon’s bonds (how many, what kind, etc)
1. forms covalent bonds
2. makes up to 4 bonds
3. bonds store energy
4 macromolecules of life
CARBOHYDRATES
1. --___monosaccharide________ simple sugar = required by all cells to make
_____energy_______, such as ____glucose____
2. -- disaccharide – 2 monosaccharides –
example: table sugar - sucrose
3. Polysaccharides = big sugar
example:_____starch______: __energy__ storage for plants
-- _____cellulose_____ = big sugar – make’s up plant __cell__ _wall__
Glycogen = big sugar = energy storage in animals (liver)
LIPIDS
--List the three types of lipids you learned about and the function of each
TYPE OF LIPID
FUNCTION
1. TRIGLYCERIDE
STORES ENERGY
(NEUTRAL FAT)
Insulates and cushion
2. PHOSPHOLIPID
MAKE UP CELL MEMBRANE
3. CHOLESTEROL
PRODUCES SEX HORMONES
STABILIZES CELL MEMBRANE
--fat cells in animals (__energy_ storage)
--Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fats
SATURATED – COME FROM ANIMALS, SOLID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE, FILLED
WITH HYDROGENS, ONLY HAVE SINGLE BONDS
Saturated fats (butter, dairy products, meat) are fats which are evenly filled out with
hydrogen, which remains solid at room temperature.
UNSATURATED - COME FROM PLANTS, LIQUID AT ROOM TEMPERATURE,
MISSING HYDROGENS, DOUBLE BONDS
Unsaturated fatty acids that your body can’t manufacture and, therefore, has to be
provided through your diet, HEALTHIER
PROTEINS
-- made up of 20 different ___amino acids____
-- transport minerals (hemoglobin carries _oxygen__)
-- controls chemical reactions (__enzymes_____)
-- produces antibodies – fight germs
-- assist in muscle movement
--How does a person get all of the 20 amino acids?
__the body makes 12 of needed, the rest are taken in through foods – many proteins come from
meat and eggs – it’s important for those who don’t eat meat to make sure they get amino acids
through other methods ____
NUCLEIC ACIDS
-- made up of string of __nucleotides__
-- contain sugar, phosphate group, _nitrogeneous base_
(A, G, T, U, C)
-- ___genetic__ material of life
-- two types of nucleic acids: __DNA_ & __RNA___
DNA
Function:
CARRIES GENETIC INFO
RNA
HELPS DNA BECOME
PROTEINS
Made up of:
Sugar - DEOXYRIBOSE
Sugar - RIBOSE
Phosphate group
Phosphate group
Nitrogenous base (A,G,T,C)
Nitrogenous base (A,G,U,C)
Looks like:
What is ATP? (hint: what did we compare it to? Why?)___energy carrier for the cell. We
compared it to a “rechargeable battery” because after if uses a phosphate and becomes ADP, it
can be “recharged” when it gains back the phosphate to become ATP again from the covalent
bonds of food or glucose._____
How does ATP differ from ADP? ____ATP has 3 phosphate molecules and therefore more
“energy” than ADP, which only has 2 phosphate molecules.___________________