11A
... 4. When a water molecule is split, what is it split into? Where do all the resulting components end up? ...
... 4. When a water molecule is split, what is it split into? Where do all the resulting components end up? ...
(light) reactions
... • the breakdown of carbohydrates to release energy – glycolysis • oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid, produces ATP and NADH ...
... • the breakdown of carbohydrates to release energy – glycolysis • oxidation of glucose to pyruvic acid, produces ATP and NADH ...
Chapter 24 - Metabolism
... About 8kg (17 lb) of ATP is produced every hour in an average male Total amount of ATP present in the body at any time is only about 50g ...
... About 8kg (17 lb) of ATP is produced every hour in an average male Total amount of ATP present in the body at any time is only about 50g ...
Aerobic Respiration
... Reduced NAD and reduced FAD donate hydrogen atoms. The carriers become re oxidised in the process (due to loss of hydrogen) and return to glycolysis, link reaction or the krebs cycle to collect more hydrogen The hydrogen atoms split into protons (H+) and electrons. (occurs in the matrix) The electro ...
... Reduced NAD and reduced FAD donate hydrogen atoms. The carriers become re oxidised in the process (due to loss of hydrogen) and return to glycolysis, link reaction or the krebs cycle to collect more hydrogen The hydrogen atoms split into protons (H+) and electrons. (occurs in the matrix) The electro ...
6.8-6.10 Citric acid cycle and Oxidative phosphorylation
... • Pyruvate does not enter the citric acid cycle, but undergoes some chemical grooming in which – a carboxyl group is removed and given off as CO2, – the two-carbon compound remaining is oxidized while a molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH, – coenzyme A joins with the two-carbon group to form acetyl ...
... • Pyruvate does not enter the citric acid cycle, but undergoes some chemical grooming in which – a carboxyl group is removed and given off as CO2, – the two-carbon compound remaining is oxidized while a molecule of NAD+ is reduced to NADH, – coenzyme A joins with the two-carbon group to form acetyl ...
Mitochondria
... public know what a healthy diet should look like. There are a variety of reasons for trying to follow these guidelines. One is that doing so ensures an adequate supply of the vitamins needed to make coenzymes, a class of functional molecules that work with cellular enzymes to speed up chemical react ...
... public know what a healthy diet should look like. There are a variety of reasons for trying to follow these guidelines. One is that doing so ensures an adequate supply of the vitamins needed to make coenzymes, a class of functional molecules that work with cellular enzymes to speed up chemical react ...
finalcarbohydrat met..
... 1. Reversible reaction means that the same enzyme can catalyzes the reaction in both directions. ...
... 1. Reversible reaction means that the same enzyme can catalyzes the reaction in both directions. ...
1. The molecule that is most directly used to power different cell
... ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. The tri in the name tells you that it has a 3 phosphate group tail. The triphosphate tail is an important part of the molecule because it store energy in this high energy bond. ...
... ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. The tri in the name tells you that it has a 3 phosphate group tail. The triphosphate tail is an important part of the molecule because it store energy in this high energy bond. ...
21_Pentose phosphate pathway of carbohydrates metabolism
... The pentose phosphate pathway ends with these five reactions in some tissue. In others it continue in nonoxidative mode to make fructose 6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. These reactions link pentose phosphate pathway with glycolysis. ...
... The pentose phosphate pathway ends with these five reactions in some tissue. In others it continue in nonoxidative mode to make fructose 6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. These reactions link pentose phosphate pathway with glycolysis. ...
Intermediary Metabolism - PBL-J-2015
... described as the point in which the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at the same rate or where its change in free energy (∆G) is closest to zero. Now free energy (G) is basically the amount of energy that is capable of doing work during a reaction. In irreversible reactions, the free ener ...
... described as the point in which the forward and reverse reactions are occurring at the same rate or where its change in free energy (∆G) is closest to zero. Now free energy (G) is basically the amount of energy that is capable of doing work during a reaction. In irreversible reactions, the free ener ...
Chapter 8 Microbial Metabolism
... Aerobic oxidation of glucose chemical equation: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O 38 ADP 38 ATP Glycolysis As observed in the chemical equation above glucose is a 6 carbon molecule, during glycolysis glucose is split into two 3 carbon molecules of pyruvate. In order to split glucose 2 ATP molecules a ...
... Aerobic oxidation of glucose chemical equation: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O 38 ADP 38 ATP Glycolysis As observed in the chemical equation above glucose is a 6 carbon molecule, during glycolysis glucose is split into two 3 carbon molecules of pyruvate. In order to split glucose 2 ATP molecules a ...
Science Year 8 Learn Sheet DC4 – Respiration
... because your cells need more oxygen and glucose for respiration. Breathing is the movement of muscles in the diaphragm and attached to the ribs. These movements change the volume of the chest ...
... because your cells need more oxygen and glucose for respiration. Breathing is the movement of muscles in the diaphragm and attached to the ribs. These movements change the volume of the chest ...
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
... The membranes contain a series of proteins, which are involved in the electron transport chain. Electrons are supplied in the form of reduced NAD and reduced FAD, which pass from the Krebs cycle in the matrix to the cristae. Electrons are passed from one protein to the next in a series of Redox reac ...
... The membranes contain a series of proteins, which are involved in the electron transport chain. Electrons are supplied in the form of reduced NAD and reduced FAD, which pass from the Krebs cycle in the matrix to the cristae. Electrons are passed from one protein to the next in a series of Redox reac ...
Exam 2
... E. ____________ Sphingomyelins are sterically similar to their glycerophopholipid counterparts, but are built on a different backbone. F. ____________ Voltage-gated channels allow ions to flow against their concentration gradients when opened by a change in membrane potential. G. ____________ A phos ...
... E. ____________ Sphingomyelins are sterically similar to their glycerophopholipid counterparts, but are built on a different backbone. F. ____________ Voltage-gated channels allow ions to flow against their concentration gradients when opened by a change in membrane potential. G. ____________ A phos ...
ATP GENERATION The energy captured within ATP can then be
... TCA cycle completes the oxidation of carbons in pyruvate to most oxidized form (CO2); removes electrons originally in C-H bonds to electron carriers NADH and FADH for use in respiration machinery. ...
... TCA cycle completes the oxidation of carbons in pyruvate to most oxidized form (CO2); removes electrons originally in C-H bonds to electron carriers NADH and FADH for use in respiration machinery. ...
AP Biology
... 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. ...
... 2. Use the following terms correctly in a sentence: redox reactions, oxidation, reduction, reducing agent and oxidizing agent. ...
Chapter 1: Prelude
... cells needs an encoding in form of DNA or RNA respectively. Gaining energy in photosynthesis bases on a molecule storing and transporting engergy, ATP. Further processes based on biochemical reactions are folding of proteins, recognition of substrates by enzymes, and detection of signal molecules. T ...
... cells needs an encoding in form of DNA or RNA respectively. Gaining energy in photosynthesis bases on a molecule storing and transporting engergy, ATP. Further processes based on biochemical reactions are folding of proteins, recognition of substrates by enzymes, and detection of signal molecules. T ...
Chapter 25
... • Breaks down glucose in cytosol into smaller molecules used by mitochondria • Does not require oxygen so it is anaerobic • 1 molecule of glucose yields only 2 ATP • Yields very little energy on its own, but it is enough to power your muscles for short periods • Some bacteria are entirely anaerobic ...
... • Breaks down glucose in cytosol into smaller molecules used by mitochondria • Does not require oxygen so it is anaerobic • 1 molecule of glucose yields only 2 ATP • Yields very little energy on its own, but it is enough to power your muscles for short periods • Some bacteria are entirely anaerobic ...
Chapter 24 Metabolism
... • C-H bonds store the most energy • C-C also store a lot of energy • C-O bonds store very little energy Macromolecules that we take in via our diet are mostly rich in C-H and C-C bonds. In the body, these are broken down and turned into C-O bonds that are then breathed out as carbon dioxide. In the ...
... • C-H bonds store the most energy • C-C also store a lot of energy • C-O bonds store very little energy Macromolecules that we take in via our diet are mostly rich in C-H and C-C bonds. In the body, these are broken down and turned into C-O bonds that are then breathed out as carbon dioxide. In the ...
Biomolecules Fill in the crossword puzzle by using
... amino acids examples are insulin,hemglobin and enzymes. are the small building blocks of polymers ...
... amino acids examples are insulin,hemglobin and enzymes. are the small building blocks of polymers ...
chapt08
... 5. Glucose is a high-energy molecule; CO2 and H2O are low-energy molecules; cellular respiration is thus exergonic because it releases energy. 6. Electrons are removed from substrates and received by oxygen, which combines with H + to become water. 7. Glucose is oxidized and O2 is reduced. 8. The bu ...
... 5. Glucose is a high-energy molecule; CO2 and H2O are low-energy molecules; cellular respiration is thus exergonic because it releases energy. 6. Electrons are removed from substrates and received by oxygen, which combines with H + to become water. 7. Glucose is oxidized and O2 is reduced. 8. The bu ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑