state university college at buffalo - Buffalo State College Faculty and
... A. carbon dioxide is incorporated into an organic molecule. B. oxygen is produced. C. ATP is made. D. A and C are correct. E. A, B, and C are correct. _____23. Which of the following best describes the function of the light independent reaction of photosynthesis? ...
... A. carbon dioxide is incorporated into an organic molecule. B. oxygen is produced. C. ATP is made. D. A and C are correct. E. A, B, and C are correct. _____23. Which of the following best describes the function of the light independent reaction of photosynthesis? ...
Where is energy stored in biomolecules like sugars, carbs, lipids, etc.
... 1. Only get 2 ATP per glucose due to anaerobic respiration. 2. Lactic acid molecules build up in muscles and interfere with muscle contractions. ...
... 1. Only get 2 ATP per glucose due to anaerobic respiration. 2. Lactic acid molecules build up in muscles and interfere with muscle contractions. ...
AKA TCA CYCLE, KREB`S CYCLE
... then: •isocitrate cleaved to succinate and glyoxylate by isocitrate lyase succ goes to TCA in mitos •glyoxylate accepts acetate from another acetyl CoA to form malate: catalyzed by malate synthase •malate then to oxaloactate for another turn by isozyme of malate dehydrogenase PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHW ...
... then: •isocitrate cleaved to succinate and glyoxylate by isocitrate lyase succ goes to TCA in mitos •glyoxylate accepts acetate from another acetyl CoA to form malate: catalyzed by malate synthase •malate then to oxaloactate for another turn by isozyme of malate dehydrogenase PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHW ...
citric acid cycle - usmle step 1 and 2 for android
... Citrate is freely permeable across the mitochondrial membrane It serves as a good source of cytosolic acetyl CoA which is used for synthesis of fatty acids Citrate inhibits phosphofructokinase and activates acetyl CoA carboxylase 2 & 3. Citrate is isomerized to isocitrate by enzyme aconitase ...
... Citrate is freely permeable across the mitochondrial membrane It serves as a good source of cytosolic acetyl CoA which is used for synthesis of fatty acids Citrate inhibits phosphofructokinase and activates acetyl CoA carboxylase 2 & 3. Citrate is isomerized to isocitrate by enzyme aconitase ...
CH 9 CQ
... the F1 ATPase. b) stimulates respiration by speeding up glycolysis. c) inhibits respiration by depleting oxygen. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... the F1 ATPase. b) stimulates respiration by speeding up glycolysis. c) inhibits respiration by depleting oxygen. © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
metabolism - Doctor Jade Main
... energy • Reduction – occurs when H+ atoms are added to compounds • gain electronreduced-gains energy • food fuels are oxidized-lose energy transferred to other moleculesATP • enzymes cannot accept H atoms • coenzymes act as hydrogen or electron acceptors – reduced each time substrate is oxidized ...
... energy • Reduction – occurs when H+ atoms are added to compounds • gain electronreduced-gains energy • food fuels are oxidized-lose energy transferred to other moleculesATP • enzymes cannot accept H atoms • coenzymes act as hydrogen or electron acceptors – reduced each time substrate is oxidized ...
Biology Passage 2 - HCC Learning Web
... b. Free Energy Change (G) is additive, facilitating coupled reactions. ...
... b. Free Energy Change (G) is additive, facilitating coupled reactions. ...
Document
... 10. Know the sources of carbon and nitrogen for amino acid biosynthesis. How are amino groups transferred to acids to make amino acids? 11. Understand the role of folic acid in nucleotide biosynthesis. 12. How does sulfanilamide inhibit the growth of microorganisms? 13. Humans do not make their own ...
... 10. Know the sources of carbon and nitrogen for amino acid biosynthesis. How are amino groups transferred to acids to make amino acids? 11. Understand the role of folic acid in nucleotide biosynthesis. 12. How does sulfanilamide inhibit the growth of microorganisms? 13. Humans do not make their own ...
Chem 365 Problem set 10 answer key 1. Ketone bodies are formed
... Ketone bodies are formed primarily in the liver in the mitochondria. Ketone bodies are formed from the condensation of 2 molecules of acetyl CoA to form acetoacetic acid (a ketone body). The acetoacetic acid can be converted to β-hydoxybutyrate (another ketone body) by the enzyme β-hydroxybutyrate d ...
... Ketone bodies are formed primarily in the liver in the mitochondria. Ketone bodies are formed from the condensation of 2 molecules of acetyl CoA to form acetoacetic acid (a ketone body). The acetoacetic acid can be converted to β-hydoxybutyrate (another ketone body) by the enzyme β-hydroxybutyrate d ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... In cellular respiration, electrons are not transferred directly from glucose to oxygen. Following the movement of hydrogens allows you to follow the flow of electrons. What electron carrier is hydrogen transferred to first? ...
... In cellular respiration, electrons are not transferred directly from glucose to oxygen. Following the movement of hydrogens allows you to follow the flow of electrons. What electron carrier is hydrogen transferred to first? ...
Organic compounds
... Used by cells to store and release energy Carbohydrates: example glucose ...
... Used by cells to store and release energy Carbohydrates: example glucose ...
U4L24 Carbo Disposal
... • Need to put the 5-C sugar back into glycolysis – Accomplished by rearranging and exchanging carbon atoms between 5C molecules – Catalysed by enzymes called transaldolases and transketolases • So, 5C + 5C C7 + C3 by a transketolase (2C unit transferred) • Then C7 + C3 C6 + C4 by a transaldolase ...
... • Need to put the 5-C sugar back into glycolysis – Accomplished by rearranging and exchanging carbon atoms between 5C molecules – Catalysed by enzymes called transaldolases and transketolases • So, 5C + 5C C7 + C3 by a transketolase (2C unit transferred) • Then C7 + C3 C6 + C4 by a transaldolase ...
L23 HH Glycolysis Citric Acid Cycle e
... The phosphorylation of intermediates in glycolysis in an energy investment phase and the direct generation of ATP in an energy pay off stage. The first phosphorylation leads to a product that can continue to a number of pathways and the second phosphorylation, catalysed by phosphofructokinase, is an ...
... The phosphorylation of intermediates in glycolysis in an energy investment phase and the direct generation of ATP in an energy pay off stage. The first phosphorylation leads to a product that can continue to a number of pathways and the second phosphorylation, catalysed by phosphofructokinase, is an ...
Metabolic Minimap article
... change conformation; L changes to T (after binding ADP and phosphate), T to O, and O to L (after releasing ATP). The new L site then binds new ADP and phosphate and begins a new reaction sequence. One complete revolution of F0 therefore results in the formation of 3 ATP, one from each of the -subun ...
... change conformation; L changes to T (after binding ADP and phosphate), T to O, and O to L (after releasing ATP). The new L site then binds new ADP and phosphate and begins a new reaction sequence. One complete revolution of F0 therefore results in the formation of 3 ATP, one from each of the -subun ...
respir532
... (LONGER term energy) After glycogen stores are used up the body begins to FAT break down ________ That’s why aerobic exercise must continue for longer than 20 minutes if you want to lose weight! Image from: http://blackmovie.us/movie/Fat.Albert/fat.albert.movie.jpg ...
... (LONGER term energy) After glycogen stores are used up the body begins to FAT break down ________ That’s why aerobic exercise must continue for longer than 20 minutes if you want to lose weight! Image from: http://blackmovie.us/movie/Fat.Albert/fat.albert.movie.jpg ...
Electron Transport Chain
... When the cells of the body do not have enough oxygen to perform the duties requires (ie. During ...
... When the cells of the body do not have enough oxygen to perform the duties requires (ie. During ...
Fermentations
... The free energy in the phosphoester bond of the substrate is used to phosphorylate an ADP. Pasteur's usage, that "fermentation" means "life without air" required revision after the discovery of anaerobic respiration. The current definition of fermentation, intended to distinguish fermentation from a ...
... The free energy in the phosphoester bond of the substrate is used to phosphorylate an ADP. Pasteur's usage, that "fermentation" means "life without air" required revision after the discovery of anaerobic respiration. The current definition of fermentation, intended to distinguish fermentation from a ...
Presentation
... • 7.3 How Is Energy Harvested from Glucose in the Absence of Oxygen? • 7.4 How Does the Oxidation of Glucose Form ATP? • 7.5 Why Does Cellular Respiration Yield So Much More Energy Than Fermentation? • 7.6 How Are Metabolic Pathways Interrelated and ...
... • 7.3 How Is Energy Harvested from Glucose in the Absence of Oxygen? • 7.4 How Does the Oxidation of Glucose Form ATP? • 7.5 Why Does Cellular Respiration Yield So Much More Energy Than Fermentation? • 7.6 How Are Metabolic Pathways Interrelated and ...
THE CELLULAR RESPIRATION SAGA II: THE CITRIC ACID CYCLE
... • Step 2: Oxidize 6 C molecule to give NADH • CO2 is released • Left with 5 C molecule ...
... • Step 2: Oxidize 6 C molecule to give NADH • CO2 is released • Left with 5 C molecule ...
Document
... Glucose (C6H12O6) + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+ (cytoplasm) + 8 NAD+ + 2 FAD + 2 GDP + 2Pi + 2 H2O (mitochondria) ...
... Glucose (C6H12O6) + 2 ADP + 2 Pi + 2 NAD+ (cytoplasm) + 8 NAD+ + 2 FAD + 2 GDP + 2Pi + 2 H2O (mitochondria) ...
Krebs cycle - biology.org.uk
... joins with oxaloacetate, a four-carbon compound, to form citrate, a six-carbon compound 2 Citrate is decarboxylated (one molecule of CO 2 removed) and dehydrogenated (two hydrogen atoms removed) to form a five-carbon compound; and the hydrogen atoms are accepted by an NAD molecule, which gets reduce ...
... joins with oxaloacetate, a four-carbon compound, to form citrate, a six-carbon compound 2 Citrate is decarboxylated (one molecule of CO 2 removed) and dehydrogenated (two hydrogen atoms removed) to form a five-carbon compound; and the hydrogen atoms are accepted by an NAD molecule, which gets reduce ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... electrons are transferred from fuel molecules (glucose) to oxygen as a final electron acceptor • Glycolysis – glucose (6C) is oxidized and split into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (3C), NADH is generated • TCA – processes pyruvic acid and generates 3 CO2 molecules , NADH and FADH2 are generated ...
... electrons are transferred from fuel molecules (glucose) to oxygen as a final electron acceptor • Glycolysis – glucose (6C) is oxidized and split into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid (3C), NADH is generated • TCA – processes pyruvic acid and generates 3 CO2 molecules , NADH and FADH2 are generated ...
4.2 Respiration – Page 1 S. Preston 1 From the
... Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy contained in organic molecules, is made available for all the active processes within a cell. This achieved by the controlled enzymatic breakdown of glucose, the energy released is stored in molecules of ATP (if the energy released from glucose ...
... Cellular respiration is the process by which the energy contained in organic molecules, is made available for all the active processes within a cell. This achieved by the controlled enzymatic breakdown of glucose, the energy released is stored in molecules of ATP (if the energy released from glucose ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑