Energy Metabolism and Mitochondria
... Since cells require a constant supply of ATP, but have only periodic access to food, they have the ability to convert sugars and fats for storage. For short-term storage, sugars are stored in the form of glycogen, which is present as small granules in the cytoplasm of many cells (e.g. liver and musc ...
... Since cells require a constant supply of ATP, but have only periodic access to food, they have the ability to convert sugars and fats for storage. For short-term storage, sugars are stored in the form of glycogen, which is present as small granules in the cytoplasm of many cells (e.g. liver and musc ...
Guangyi Wang Chemosynthesis (Chemolithotrophy)
... According to the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics - everything in universe tends toward increased entropy (randomness). Therefore, energy must be expended to bring things (e.g, molecules) into a more organized and concentrated state. Functions of active transport: 1. Provides proper chemical environment fo ...
... According to the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics - everything in universe tends toward increased entropy (randomness). Therefore, energy must be expended to bring things (e.g, molecules) into a more organized and concentrated state. Functions of active transport: 1. Provides proper chemical environment fo ...
Fatty Acid Spiral
... Our diets must contain a reasonable ratio of the essential amino acids in order for our bodies to maintain health. – Meat, eggs, soy and milk contain the essential amino acids in a similar ratio to that needed by humans. – Fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and grains tend to be high in some and low i ...
... Our diets must contain a reasonable ratio of the essential amino acids in order for our bodies to maintain health. – Meat, eggs, soy and milk contain the essential amino acids in a similar ratio to that needed by humans. – Fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and grains tend to be high in some and low i ...
Document
... Our diets must contain a reasonable ratio of the essential amino acids in order for our bodies to maintain health. – Meat, eggs, soy and milk contain the essential amino acids in a similar ratio to that needed by humans. – Fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and grains tend to be high in some and low i ...
... Our diets must contain a reasonable ratio of the essential amino acids in order for our bodies to maintain health. – Meat, eggs, soy and milk contain the essential amino acids in a similar ratio to that needed by humans. – Fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and grains tend to be high in some and low i ...
8 Cellular Respiration-An Overview
... energy and resources. Even though the fermentation steps shown in Model 3 do not provide any ATP, they are critical to the energy production of the cell. Predict what would happen to the energy supply in a cell if fermentation did not happen under anaerobic conditions. ...
... energy and resources. Even though the fermentation steps shown in Model 3 do not provide any ATP, they are critical to the energy production of the cell. Predict what would happen to the energy supply in a cell if fermentation did not happen under anaerobic conditions. ...
Cellular Respiration - Cathedral High School
... Two electrons and one hydrogen ion are accepted by NAD+ resulting two NADH Four ATP produced by phosphorylation Net gain of two ATP Both G3Ps converted to pyruvates ...
... Two electrons and one hydrogen ion are accepted by NAD+ resulting two NADH Four ATP produced by phosphorylation Net gain of two ATP Both G3Ps converted to pyruvates ...
Respiration ppt - mleonessciencepage
... • The 3-C containing pyruvic acid produced at the end of Glycolysis is too bulky to enter the mitochondria from the cytoplasm. • Hence, it is ‘groomed’ (broken down further) with the help of Coenzyme A to form Acetyl Co A • This Acetyl CoA can easily pass into the mitochondrial matrix, where it unde ...
... • The 3-C containing pyruvic acid produced at the end of Glycolysis is too bulky to enter the mitochondria from the cytoplasm. • Hence, it is ‘groomed’ (broken down further) with the help of Coenzyme A to form Acetyl Co A • This Acetyl CoA can easily pass into the mitochondrial matrix, where it unde ...
Overview of Absorptive/Post-Absorptive States
... direction of glucocorticoids that have been released from the adrenal cortex. To make glucose, the liver takes up glycerol, lactate, and amino acids from the blood as well as fatty acids to power ...
... direction of glucocorticoids that have been released from the adrenal cortex. To make glucose, the liver takes up glycerol, lactate, and amino acids from the blood as well as fatty acids to power ...
Cellular Respiration - Mr. Fusco's Brookdale Weblog
... using either fermentation or cellular respiration ...
... using either fermentation or cellular respiration ...
Lecture Resource ()
... In each of these transformations, one of the bonds to the a-carbon of the amino acid substrate is broken in the first step of the reaction ...
... In each of these transformations, one of the bonds to the a-carbon of the amino acid substrate is broken in the first step of the reaction ...
lecture 02b
... Glycolysis: glucose is broken Glucose is activated Glucose Glu-6-P 2 ATPs are “invested” Glu (6 C’s) broken into two 3-C pieces 2 oxidations steps NAD NADH 4 ATPs are produced, net gain: 2 ATPs 2 molecules of pyruvic acid are produced. http://members.tripod.com/beckysroom/glycolysis.jpg ...
... Glycolysis: glucose is broken Glucose is activated Glucose Glu-6-P 2 ATPs are “invested” Glu (6 C’s) broken into two 3-C pieces 2 oxidations steps NAD NADH 4 ATPs are produced, net gain: 2 ATPs 2 molecules of pyruvic acid are produced. http://members.tripod.com/beckysroom/glycolysis.jpg ...
3rd Quarter Exam Review with Answers NEW
... 5. What is the gaseous waste product of photosynthesis? When does it occur? Oxygen; photolysis 6. What carbohydrate is made from photosynthesis? How can this be used by the plant? Glucose; to store as starch, build cellulose to make cell walls, make other sugars 7. Why do plants appear green? Chloro ...
... 5. What is the gaseous waste product of photosynthesis? When does it occur? Oxygen; photolysis 6. What carbohydrate is made from photosynthesis? How can this be used by the plant? Glucose; to store as starch, build cellulose to make cell walls, make other sugars 7. Why do plants appear green? Chloro ...
B4 The Processes of Life - Blackpool Aspire Academy
... • Glucose is made up of CHO so is a carbohydrate • Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts. Contain chlorophyll which absorbs light and uses the energy to ...
... • Glucose is made up of CHO so is a carbohydrate • Photosynthesis takes place in chloroplasts. Contain chlorophyll which absorbs light and uses the energy to ...
glucose
... • transport by blood to the liver • in liver (cytoplasma): glycerol + ATP glycerol-3-P + ADP glycerol-3-P + NAD+ dihydroxyaceton-P + NADH + H+ ...
... • transport by blood to the liver • in liver (cytoplasma): glycerol + ATP glycerol-3-P + ADP glycerol-3-P + NAD+ dihydroxyaceton-P + NADH + H+ ...
Brain Needs in Different Metabolic states
... or fatty acids because they are more reduced (greater hydrogen/carbon ratio) than pyruvate and do not uncouple the mitochondrial proton gradient as occurs with fatty acid metabolism. In contrast to glucose, ketone bodies by-pass cytoplasmic glycolysis and directly enter the mitochondria where they a ...
... or fatty acids because they are more reduced (greater hydrogen/carbon ratio) than pyruvate and do not uncouple the mitochondrial proton gradient as occurs with fatty acid metabolism. In contrast to glucose, ketone bodies by-pass cytoplasmic glycolysis and directly enter the mitochondria where they a ...
Bio150 Chapter 7
... • Sulfur bacteria – Inorganic sulphate (SO4) is reduced to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) – Early sulfate reducers set the stage for evolution of photosynthesis ...
... • Sulfur bacteria – Inorganic sulphate (SO4) is reduced to hydrogen sulfide (H2S) – Early sulfate reducers set the stage for evolution of photosynthesis ...
Anaerobic Respiration
... electron acceptor is reduced and used as the source of nutrient for cell growth. Dissimilative metabolism: A large amount of the electron acceptor is reduced for energy and the reduced product is excreted into the environment. ...
... electron acceptor is reduced and used as the source of nutrient for cell growth. Dissimilative metabolism: A large amount of the electron acceptor is reduced for energy and the reduced product is excreted into the environment. ...
Chapter 12 (part 1) - University of Nevada, Reno
... • Acetyl-CoA + 3 NAD+ + Q + GDP + Pi +2 H20 HS-CoA + 3NADH + QH2 + GTP + 2 CO2 + 2 H+ ...
... • Acetyl-CoA + 3 NAD+ + Q + GDP + Pi +2 H20 HS-CoA + 3NADH + QH2 + GTP + 2 CO2 + 2 H+ ...
Metabolism Objective Project
... by blocking substrates from entering active sites Non competitive inhibitors bind away from the active site, but change the shape of the enzyme so the active ...
... by blocking substrates from entering active sites Non competitive inhibitors bind away from the active site, but change the shape of the enzyme so the active ...
CARBOHYDRATES: METABOLISM (cont.)
... • Ketones can be used by the liver or transported to other tissues to enter the CA cycle – Lipid anabolism consists of the synthesis of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and prostaglandins • Made from glycerol and FA or excess glucose or aa • Most FA can be made by the body, but some must b ...
... • Ketones can be used by the liver or transported to other tissues to enter the CA cycle – Lipid anabolism consists of the synthesis of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and prostaglandins • Made from glycerol and FA or excess glucose or aa • Most FA can be made by the body, but some must b ...
Slide 1 - Life Learning Cloud
... sugary solution (malting). This solution is used as an energy source for the yeast. The yeast and sugar mixture is fermented to produce alcohol, when hops are often added to give the drink its flavour. When making wine sugars in grapes are used by the yeast cells as an energy source. ...
... sugary solution (malting). This solution is used as an energy source for the yeast. The yeast and sugar mixture is fermented to produce alcohol, when hops are often added to give the drink its flavour. When making wine sugars in grapes are used by the yeast cells as an energy source. ...
Document
... 19. AIDS is a genetic disease which can be transmitted to the next generation 20. Glycolysis is occurred in the cytoplasm and need the O2 . 21. The genotype of an organism refers to its appearance ……. 22. Glycolysis produce energy by oxidizing glucose molecule into 3 pyruvate molecules…. 23. Heterot ...
... 19. AIDS is a genetic disease which can be transmitted to the next generation 20. Glycolysis is occurred in the cytoplasm and need the O2 . 21. The genotype of an organism refers to its appearance ……. 22. Glycolysis produce energy by oxidizing glucose molecule into 3 pyruvate molecules…. 23. Heterot ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑