Chapter 7 Notes - MDC Faculty Home Pages
... • Intermediate electron carriers serve to shuttle electrons through these reactions, transferring energy as they go. – NAD+ (empty city cab) in redox reaction is an oxidizing agent (removes electrons causing a substance to be oxidized); it accepts a hydrogen atom and one electron becomes NADH (full ...
... • Intermediate electron carriers serve to shuttle electrons through these reactions, transferring energy as they go. – NAD+ (empty city cab) in redox reaction is an oxidizing agent (removes electrons causing a substance to be oxidized); it accepts a hydrogen atom and one electron becomes NADH (full ...
Mader/Biology, 11/e – Chapter Outline
... 8. One high-energy metabolite accepts a phosphate group and transfers it to convert ADP to ATP. 9. The citric acid cycle turns twice for each original glucose molecule. 10. The products of the citric acid cycle (per glucose molecule) are 4 CO2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2. 11. Production of CO2 a. Th ...
... 8. One high-energy metabolite accepts a phosphate group and transfers it to convert ADP to ATP. 9. The citric acid cycle turns twice for each original glucose molecule. 10. The products of the citric acid cycle (per glucose molecule) are 4 CO2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, and 2 FADH2. 11. Production of CO2 a. Th ...
Document
... 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (figure 9.5) must still be oxidized back to NAD_. If NAD_ is not regenerated, the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate will cease and glycolysis will stop. Many microorganisms solve this problem by slowing or stopping pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and using pyruvate or o ...
... 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (figure 9.5) must still be oxidized back to NAD_. If NAD_ is not regenerated, the oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate will cease and glycolysis will stop. Many microorganisms solve this problem by slowing or stopping pyruvate dehydrogenase activity and using pyruvate or o ...
CellularRespirationReview
... anaerobic respiration. 2. Lactic acid molecules build up in muscles and interfere with muscle contractions. ...
... anaerobic respiration. 2. Lactic acid molecules build up in muscles and interfere with muscle contractions. ...
Energy - Phillips Scientific Methods
... f. Although glycolysis makes 4 ATP, the net ATP production by this step is 2 ATP (because 2 ATP were used to start glycolysis). The 2 net ATP are available for cell use. g. If oxygen is available to the cell, the pyruvate will move into the mitochondria & aerobic respiration will begin. ...
... f. Although glycolysis makes 4 ATP, the net ATP production by this step is 2 ATP (because 2 ATP were used to start glycolysis). The 2 net ATP are available for cell use. g. If oxygen is available to the cell, the pyruvate will move into the mitochondria & aerobic respiration will begin. ...
PowerPoint
... • Water is split into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen (O2) through the process called the electron transport chain. • The light energy is now converted to chemical energy, which is temporarily stored in ATP and NADPH (energy molecules). • The O2 diffuses out of the chloroplasts ...
... • Water is split into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen (O2) through the process called the electron transport chain. • The light energy is now converted to chemical energy, which is temporarily stored in ATP and NADPH (energy molecules). • The O2 diffuses out of the chloroplasts ...
1 Respiration efficiency Respiration summary
... Cellular respiration consumes O2 and produces CO2 just like breathing... Respiration is the main catabolic pathway. – Others which break down fats, starch, protein, etc. all eventually feed into glycolysis and/or Krebs. – Only additional kind is neutralization of toxins (which also uses cytochromes, ...
... Cellular respiration consumes O2 and produces CO2 just like breathing... Respiration is the main catabolic pathway. – Others which break down fats, starch, protein, etc. all eventually feed into glycolysis and/or Krebs. – Only additional kind is neutralization of toxins (which also uses cytochromes, ...
BIS103-002 (Spring 2008) - UC Davis Plant Sciences
... What is the biochemical reason for the different end products in the two tissues? (2 pts) Glucose-6-P phosphatase in the liver produces glucose from G6P, an intermediate of glycogen degradation. However, this enzyme (G6P phosphatase) is not present in skeletal muscles. Therefore, in skeletal muscles ...
... What is the biochemical reason for the different end products in the two tissues? (2 pts) Glucose-6-P phosphatase in the liver produces glucose from G6P, an intermediate of glycogen degradation. However, this enzyme (G6P phosphatase) is not present in skeletal muscles. Therefore, in skeletal muscles ...
Photosynthesis
... • Water is split into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen (O2) through the process called the electron transport chain. • The light energy is now converted to chemical energy, which is temporarily stored in ATP and NADPH (energy molecules). ...
... • Water is split into hydrogen ions, electrons, and oxygen (O2) through the process called the electron transport chain. • The light energy is now converted to chemical energy, which is temporarily stored in ATP and NADPH (energy molecules). ...
Bio 6 – Fermentation & Cellular Respiration Lab INTRODUCTION
... and inorganic phosphate (Pi) is exergonic and thus releases energy which cells can use to do any number of things. Once hydrolyzed, ATP can be regenerated from ADP and Pi, though this is endergonic and thus requires energy. The energy needed to regenerate ATP is obtained from “food”, whatever that m ...
... and inorganic phosphate (Pi) is exergonic and thus releases energy which cells can use to do any number of things. Once hydrolyzed, ATP can be regenerated from ADP and Pi, though this is endergonic and thus requires energy. The energy needed to regenerate ATP is obtained from “food”, whatever that m ...
III. Cells and Energy
... A. Energy Transfer in Cells 1. Carbohydrates such as glucose provide energy for the cell. However, they cannot be used directly, They must be converted to ATP 2. ATP Adenosine Triphosphate is the energy molecule of the cell. ...
... A. Energy Transfer in Cells 1. Carbohydrates such as glucose provide energy for the cell. However, they cannot be used directly, They must be converted to ATP 2. ATP Adenosine Triphosphate is the energy molecule of the cell. ...
Which of the following molecules is most likely to be used in a
... [Assume each NADH produces app 2.5 ATP’s and each FADH2 produces 1.5 ATP, Assume 2 ATP’s needed for the first activation step] A. First, calculate the number of acetyl-Sco-A that can be produced from Lauric Acid. (We do this by taking the number of carbon atoms in the acid and divide by 2.) This is ...
... [Assume each NADH produces app 2.5 ATP’s and each FADH2 produces 1.5 ATP, Assume 2 ATP’s needed for the first activation step] A. First, calculate the number of acetyl-Sco-A that can be produced from Lauric Acid. (We do this by taking the number of carbon atoms in the acid and divide by 2.) This is ...
Cellular Respiration Discussion Part 2 Filled In
... (LONGER term energy) After glycogen stores are used up the body begins to FAT break down ________ That’s why aerobic exercise must continue for longer than 20 minutes if you want to lose weight! Image from: http://blackmovie.us/movie/Fat.Albert/fat.albert.movie.jpg ...
... (LONGER term energy) After glycogen stores are used up the body begins to FAT break down ________ That’s why aerobic exercise must continue for longer than 20 minutes if you want to lose weight! Image from: http://blackmovie.us/movie/Fat.Albert/fat.albert.movie.jpg ...
Final Exam: Multiple Choice Portion Biochem Block Spring 2016
... A) fructose is cleaved into two molecules of guanine, absorbing energy B) glucose is cleaved into two molecules of pyruvate, releasing energy C) glucose is produced from carbon dioxide D) electrons flow from NADH to oxygen, producing ATP 25. Which statement describes best what happens in the citric ...
... A) fructose is cleaved into two molecules of guanine, absorbing energy B) glucose is cleaved into two molecules of pyruvate, releasing energy C) glucose is produced from carbon dioxide D) electrons flow from NADH to oxygen, producing ATP 25. Which statement describes best what happens in the citric ...
Lecture 3 (BY 14)
... Dehydration synthesis • Form polymers from subunits • Enzymes remove -OH from one molecule, H from another, form bond between two molecules • Discarded atoms can join to form _____ ...
... Dehydration synthesis • Form polymers from subunits • Enzymes remove -OH from one molecule, H from another, form bond between two molecules • Discarded atoms can join to form _____ ...
BY 123 Mock Exam #2 Answer Key Chapters 8,9,10,12,13 Catabolic
... e. No proton gradient would be produced, and ATP synthesis would cease. Substrate-level phosphorylation: a. Involves the shifting of a phosphate group from ATP to a substrate b. Can use NADH or FADH2 c. Takes place only in the cytosol d. Accounts for 10% of the ATP formed by fermentation e. Is the e ...
... e. No proton gradient would be produced, and ATP synthesis would cease. Substrate-level phosphorylation: a. Involves the shifting of a phosphate group from ATP to a substrate b. Can use NADH or FADH2 c. Takes place only in the cytosol d. Accounts for 10% of the ATP formed by fermentation e. Is the e ...
CHAPTER 9: HOW CELLS HARVEST ENERGY
... reactions that split energy-carrying molecules like ATP. ATP is not a long-term energy storage molecule, it is made only when needed. It is an extremely valuable molecule because it is used to do most of the work in a cell and is used to drive endergonic reactions. Cells generate ATP through two dif ...
... reactions that split energy-carrying molecules like ATP. ATP is not a long-term energy storage molecule, it is made only when needed. It is an extremely valuable molecule because it is used to do most of the work in a cell and is used to drive endergonic reactions. Cells generate ATP through two dif ...
CELLULAR ENERGY – CH. 8 • All cellular activities require energy
... glucose) is used to make ATP (this is cellular respiration) 2. ATP provides the energy we need (for muscle contraction, synthesizing molecules, etc.) On average, each ATP molecule in our body is used and resynthesized more than 30 times per minute when we are at rest and more than 500 times per minu ...
... glucose) is used to make ATP (this is cellular respiration) 2. ATP provides the energy we need (for muscle contraction, synthesizing molecules, etc.) On average, each ATP molecule in our body is used and resynthesized more than 30 times per minute when we are at rest and more than 500 times per minu ...
Respiration chapt07
... • The Krebs Cycle occurs in the cell membrane of Prokaryotic Cells and in the mitochondria of Eukaryotic Cells • In mitochondria, a multienzyme complex called pyruvate dehydrogenase catalyzes ...
... • The Krebs Cycle occurs in the cell membrane of Prokaryotic Cells and in the mitochondria of Eukaryotic Cells • In mitochondria, a multienzyme complex called pyruvate dehydrogenase catalyzes ...
File
... the substrate(s) As the substrate enters this active site it induces the enzyme to change shape so that the active site fits even more snugly around the substrate (clasping handshake) This “induced-fit” strains the pre-existing bonds within the substrate(s) and promotes the formation of new bond ...
... the substrate(s) As the substrate enters this active site it induces the enzyme to change shape so that the active site fits even more snugly around the substrate (clasping handshake) This “induced-fit” strains the pre-existing bonds within the substrate(s) and promotes the formation of new bond ...
acid
... 5) glyceraldeyde-3-phosphate is converted into glyceric acid 1,3 diphosphate by the action of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase. The reaction is reversible and involves the conversion of NAD+ into NADH, the removal of hydrogen (oxidation) causes dehydrogenation and we have also energy release ...
... 5) glyceraldeyde-3-phosphate is converted into glyceric acid 1,3 diphosphate by the action of glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase. The reaction is reversible and involves the conversion of NAD+ into NADH, the removal of hydrogen (oxidation) causes dehydrogenation and we have also energy release ...
Chapter 6 and 9 - Wando High School
... 14. What process occurs during the light-independent reactions? What products from the light reactions does it use? Calvin cycle, ATP and NADPH 15. What gas is required for the dark reactions to occur? Carbon dioxide 16. The final product of the Calvin Cycle is _____________________. glucose 17. Wha ...
... 14. What process occurs during the light-independent reactions? What products from the light reactions does it use? Calvin cycle, ATP and NADPH 15. What gas is required for the dark reactions to occur? Carbon dioxide 16. The final product of the Calvin Cycle is _____________________. glucose 17. Wha ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑