Harvesting Energy
... During cellular respiration, a glucose molecule is completely oxidized. In the process, it releases enough energy to produce up to 36 molecules of ATP. The first phase of respiration, glycolysis, occurs in the cytoplasm. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid. G ...
... During cellular respiration, a glucose molecule is completely oxidized. In the process, it releases enough energy to produce up to 36 molecules of ATP. The first phase of respiration, glycolysis, occurs in the cytoplasm. During glycolysis, glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvic acid. G ...
Fact Sheet - Advanced Equine Solutions
... The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in t ...
... The citric acid cycle – also known as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle or the Krebs cycle – is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy through the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and chemical energy in t ...
Big Idea #2
... NADPH is also generated through the use of the enzyme NADP reductase. It will also go onto the Calvin Cycle. ...
... NADPH is also generated through the use of the enzyme NADP reductase. It will also go onto the Calvin Cycle. ...
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and other Energy
... 1- Plants make ATP during photosynthesis. 2- All other organisms, including plants, must produce ATP by breaking down molecules such as glucose. Aerobic respiration : the process by which a cell uses O2 to "burn" molecules and release energy. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O Note: this reaction is the o ...
... 1- Plants make ATP during photosynthesis. 2- All other organisms, including plants, must produce ATP by breaking down molecules such as glucose. Aerobic respiration : the process by which a cell uses O2 to "burn" molecules and release energy. C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O Note: this reaction is the o ...
Project 2 - University of South Florida
... substrates, glucose,lactate and palmitic acid. The complete utilzation of 1 mol of glucose results in the formation of 38 ATP with the concomitant utilization of 6 mol of oxygen. The utilization of 1 mol of lactate forms 17.5 ATP with the utilization of 3 mol of oxygen and palmitic acid produces 129 ...
... substrates, glucose,lactate and palmitic acid. The complete utilzation of 1 mol of glucose results in the formation of 38 ATP with the concomitant utilization of 6 mol of oxygen. The utilization of 1 mol of lactate forms 17.5 ATP with the utilization of 3 mol of oxygen and palmitic acid produces 129 ...
Ch.23Pt.1_001
... • Free energy differences between reactants & products is low • Concentration differences keep enzyme-run reactions going in one direction • How? • Products are constantly removed so no build up at the end. Concentration stays low for products ...
... • Free energy differences between reactants & products is low • Concentration differences keep enzyme-run reactions going in one direction • How? • Products are constantly removed so no build up at the end. Concentration stays low for products ...
BHS 150.1 – Biochemistry II Date: 2/1/2013, 2sndhalf Notetaker: Kim
... ketone bodies are still being made by the liver and leading to acidic problems and ...
... ketone bodies are still being made by the liver and leading to acidic problems and ...
Document
... *This turnover varies from one organ to another , e.g. in the liver & intestine is more rapid than the other tissues, because: many exogenous compound come to the liver or intestine where it is detoxified [function of the liver the detoxification of the exogenous toxic materials] so the enzymes whic ...
... *This turnover varies from one organ to another , e.g. in the liver & intestine is more rapid than the other tissues, because: many exogenous compound come to the liver or intestine where it is detoxified [function of the liver the detoxification of the exogenous toxic materials] so the enzymes whic ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle); converted into lactic acid or alcohol (in yeast) by fermentation; or used later for the synthesis of glucose through gluconeogenesis. ...
... citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle); converted into lactic acid or alcohol (in yeast) by fermentation; or used later for the synthesis of glucose through gluconeogenesis. ...
Ch. 7.4: Cellular Respiration
... Structure & Function go together: Folds of inner membrane increases surface area for enzymes and sites for reactions … MORE ATP gets made (more surface area = more ATP synthase)! ...
... Structure & Function go together: Folds of inner membrane increases surface area for enzymes and sites for reactions … MORE ATP gets made (more surface area = more ATP synthase)! ...
The Hunt for Red October - HFRO
... ATP directly by substrate level phosphorylation, in which phosphate groups are transferred directly from organic substrates to ADP. To obtain energy from glucose, hydrogen atoms are removed from the glucose molecule as it is metabolized. These hydrogen atoms can be removed only by hydrogen (electron ...
... ATP directly by substrate level phosphorylation, in which phosphate groups are transferred directly from organic substrates to ADP. To obtain energy from glucose, hydrogen atoms are removed from the glucose molecule as it is metabolized. These hydrogen atoms can be removed only by hydrogen (electron ...
Ch 8-10 Review Topics - Wahconah Science Department
... How do temperature, pH, and concentration on the substrate affect enzyme action? Differentiate between cofactors and coenzymes. Inhibitors: Differentiate between competitive and noncompetitive. (Fig 8.18) Allosteric activators and inhibitors (Fog 8.20) What is feedback Inhibition? Discuss the evol ...
... How do temperature, pH, and concentration on the substrate affect enzyme action? Differentiate between cofactors and coenzymes. Inhibitors: Differentiate between competitive and noncompetitive. (Fig 8.18) Allosteric activators and inhibitors (Fog 8.20) What is feedback Inhibition? Discuss the evol ...
presentation source
... Glucagon secretion is • suppressed by a rise in blood glucose concentration • stimulated by amino acids Raised blood glucose concentrations lower insulin:glucagon ratio. The reverse occurs when blood glucose concentrations fall Only significant effects of glucagon are on the liver stimulating the p ...
... Glucagon secretion is • suppressed by a rise in blood glucose concentration • stimulated by amino acids Raised blood glucose concentrations lower insulin:glucagon ratio. The reverse occurs when blood glucose concentrations fall Only significant effects of glucagon are on the liver stimulating the p ...
espiration - WordPress.com
... Glucose is oxidised to pyruvate during the process of glycolysis. Explain why glycolysis is said to involve oxidation. ...
... Glucose is oxidised to pyruvate during the process of glycolysis. Explain why glycolysis is said to involve oxidation. ...
Chapter 12 (part 1) - Nevada Agricultural Experiment
... transport pathway in the inner mitochondrial membrane • The electrons transferred from succinate to FAD (to form FADH2) are passed directly to ubiquinone (UQ) in the electron transport pathway • Enzyme inhibited by malonate ...
... transport pathway in the inner mitochondrial membrane • The electrons transferred from succinate to FAD (to form FADH2) are passed directly to ubiquinone (UQ) in the electron transport pathway • Enzyme inhibited by malonate ...
Cellular Energy PPT
... – pyruvate and NADH enter fermentation – energy from NADH converts pyruvate into lactic acid – NADH is changed back into NAD+ ...
... – pyruvate and NADH enter fermentation – energy from NADH converts pyruvate into lactic acid – NADH is changed back into NAD+ ...
Model 2 – Amylase Rate of Reaction
... It is estimated that more than 2 × 1026 molecules of ATP are hydrolyzed in the human body daily. If each molecule was used only once you would need approximately 160 kg (350 lbs) of ATP daily. The repeated use of ATP molecules through the ATP cycle saves the body a huge amount of resources and energ ...
... It is estimated that more than 2 × 1026 molecules of ATP are hydrolyzed in the human body daily. If each molecule was used only once you would need approximately 160 kg (350 lbs) of ATP daily. The repeated use of ATP molecules through the ATP cycle saves the body a huge amount of resources and energ ...
Respiration - Indian River Research and Education Center
... energy (ATP) & heat are produced –ATP molecules are intermediate energy molecules that are easily transported within a cell to sites of action –At sites of action, ATP is coupled to different processes to “power” them –Energy that is not captured as ATP (or other molecule), or is not completely u ...
... energy (ATP) & heat are produced –ATP molecules are intermediate energy molecules that are easily transported within a cell to sites of action –At sites of action, ATP is coupled to different processes to “power” them –Energy that is not captured as ATP (or other molecule), or is not completely u ...
Bio II HName list2
... Chapter 3- Biological Molecules Organic compounds Hydrocarbons Functional groups Monomers Polymers Alcohols Enzymes Condensation reaction Hydrolysis Carbohydrate Sugar Monosaccharides Ribose Deoxyribose Glucose Oligosaccharide Sucrose Lactose Polysaccharide Cellulose Starch Glycogen Chitin Lipids Fa ...
... Chapter 3- Biological Molecules Organic compounds Hydrocarbons Functional groups Monomers Polymers Alcohols Enzymes Condensation reaction Hydrolysis Carbohydrate Sugar Monosaccharides Ribose Deoxyribose Glucose Oligosaccharide Sucrose Lactose Polysaccharide Cellulose Starch Glycogen Chitin Lipids Fa ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle); converted into lactic acid or alcohol (in yeast) by fermentation; or used later for the synthesis of glucose through gluconeogenesis. ...
... citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle); converted into lactic acid or alcohol (in yeast) by fermentation; or used later for the synthesis of glucose through gluconeogenesis. ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑