Biology 1406 Quiz 2 Multiple-Choice Questions 1) When biologists
... B) to actively transport molecules against their concentration gradients. C) to maintain the integrity of a fluid mosaic membrane. D) to maintain membrane fluidity at low temperatures. E) to mediate cell-to-cell recognition. 18) Which of these are not embedded in the hydrophobic portion of the lipi ...
... B) to actively transport molecules against their concentration gradients. C) to maintain the integrity of a fluid mosaic membrane. D) to maintain membrane fluidity at low temperatures. E) to mediate cell-to-cell recognition. 18) Which of these are not embedded in the hydrophobic portion of the lipi ...
Unit 2 Cells Study Guide
... What is synthesize across thylakoid membranes? Why can C4 plants better at photosynthesis without photorespiration? What pigments can absorb light energy? Proton gradient are responsible for producing what energy molecules? Give 2 examples of products of the Calvin cycle that are used in the light r ...
... What is synthesize across thylakoid membranes? Why can C4 plants better at photosynthesis without photorespiration? What pigments can absorb light energy? Proton gradient are responsible for producing what energy molecules? Give 2 examples of products of the Calvin cycle that are used in the light r ...
File - Jolyon Johnson
... • Move electrons and use the energy to move H+ • Make ATP’s and glucose • Convert CO2 into oxygen for the brain What is wasted in the electron transport chain? • Many ATP’s and electron carriers • Two of the four complexes • Nothing. Everything is used and recycled ...
... • Move electrons and use the energy to move H+ • Make ATP’s and glucose • Convert CO2 into oxygen for the brain What is wasted in the electron transport chain? • Many ATP’s and electron carriers • Two of the four complexes • Nothing. Everything is used and recycled ...
Evolution of cells
... Main component of membranes Phosphate at outside and reacted with water Hydrocarbon tails are inside Bilayer stabilized barier ...
... Main component of membranes Phosphate at outside and reacted with water Hydrocarbon tails are inside Bilayer stabilized barier ...
Unit 1 Practice Test
... 48. A threecarbon sugar formed during lightindependent portion of photosynthesis is (a) carbon dioxide (b) glucose (c) ATP (d) G3P 49. The reaction in the lightdependent portion of photosynthesis occurs in the (a) grana (b) stroma (c) Golgi apparatus (d) cell wall 50. Which statement correctly ...
... 48. A threecarbon sugar formed during lightindependent portion of photosynthesis is (a) carbon dioxide (b) glucose (c) ATP (d) G3P 49. The reaction in the lightdependent portion of photosynthesis occurs in the (a) grana (b) stroma (c) Golgi apparatus (d) cell wall 50. Which statement correctly ...
BIOANALYTICAL/CLINICAL ANALYSIS
... INSULIN ADDED TO TYPE 1(AT LAST STAGES TYPE 2= DRUGS GLUCOBAY/GLUCOPHARGE AT FIRST-ADSORBS GLUCOSE) INSULIN NORMALLY PRODUCED IN PANCREAS: -PROMOTES GLYCOGENESIS AND LIPOGENESIS - INCREASES PERMEABILITY ...
... INSULIN ADDED TO TYPE 1(AT LAST STAGES TYPE 2= DRUGS GLUCOBAY/GLUCOPHARGE AT FIRST-ADSORBS GLUCOSE) INSULIN NORMALLY PRODUCED IN PANCREAS: -PROMOTES GLYCOGENESIS AND LIPOGENESIS - INCREASES PERMEABILITY ...
3/14 Cellular Respiration
... Recall that aerobic respiration uses oxygen. After glycolysis, some cells (humans included) can put the pyruvate through two aerobic respiration stages. ...
... Recall that aerobic respiration uses oxygen. After glycolysis, some cells (humans included) can put the pyruvate through two aerobic respiration stages. ...
L24_Krebs
... • During the cycle, 2 carbon atoms come in, 2 carbon atoms has gone – but on each cycle only 1 carbon atom from acetyl CoA gets released as carbon dioxide • The other carbon dioxide comes from oxaloacetate ...
... • During the cycle, 2 carbon atoms come in, 2 carbon atoms has gone – but on each cycle only 1 carbon atom from acetyl CoA gets released as carbon dioxide • The other carbon dioxide comes from oxaloacetate ...
BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE Fatty acids are synthesized by an
... and acetyl-CoA to fat, assisting the anabolic phase of this feeding cycle. The nutritional state of the organism is the main factor regulating the rate of lipogenesis. Thus, the rate is high in the well-fed animal whose diet contains a high proportion of carbohydrate. It is depressed under conditio ...
... and acetyl-CoA to fat, assisting the anabolic phase of this feeding cycle. The nutritional state of the organism is the main factor regulating the rate of lipogenesis. Thus, the rate is high in the well-fed animal whose diet contains a high proportion of carbohydrate. It is depressed under conditio ...
Overview of Fasting
... bodies is important in fasting because they can be used for fuel by most tissues, including brain tissue, once their level in the blood is sufficiently high. This reduces the need for gluconeogenesis from amino acid carbon skeletons, thus preserving essential protein. ...
... bodies is important in fasting because they can be used for fuel by most tissues, including brain tissue, once their level in the blood is sufficiently high. This reduces the need for gluconeogenesis from amino acid carbon skeletons, thus preserving essential protein. ...
Free Fatty acids - Sheffield Metabolic Laboratory
... as 3-hydroxybutyrate and free fatty acids (or non-esterified, NEFA). All are normally present in blood and have a vital role in energy metabolism. These compounds are linked through a number of different pathways, which interact depending on nutritional status. During normal nutritional status (i.e. ...
... as 3-hydroxybutyrate and free fatty acids (or non-esterified, NEFA). All are normally present in blood and have a vital role in energy metabolism. These compounds are linked through a number of different pathways, which interact depending on nutritional status. During normal nutritional status (i.e. ...
STUDY GUIDE –Intro to Cell Biology
... 4. NUCLEIC ACIDS – INFORMATION molecules made of NUCLEOTIDE subunits EX: DNA – DOUBLE stranded: has DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR and A, T, C, & G RNA - SINGLE stranded; has RIBOSE SUGAR and A, U, C, & G In a DNA molecule which nitrogen bases always bond with each other? A-T and G-C ...
... 4. NUCLEIC ACIDS – INFORMATION molecules made of NUCLEOTIDE subunits EX: DNA – DOUBLE stranded: has DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR and A, T, C, & G RNA - SINGLE stranded; has RIBOSE SUGAR and A, U, C, & G In a DNA molecule which nitrogen bases always bond with each other? A-T and G-C ...
NSC 602 - Department of Nutritional Sciences
... 1. Review of glycolysis and Krebs cycle. Integrate glycolysis with the Krebs cycle and gluconeogenesis 2. Integrate the urea cycle, the Krebs cycle, the alanine cycle, and the Cori cycle 3. Integrate the Krebs cycle with the pathways of fatty acid synthesis. Detail the steps of fatty acid synthesis ...
... 1. Review of glycolysis and Krebs cycle. Integrate glycolysis with the Krebs cycle and gluconeogenesis 2. Integrate the urea cycle, the Krebs cycle, the alanine cycle, and the Cori cycle 3. Integrate the Krebs cycle with the pathways of fatty acid synthesis. Detail the steps of fatty acid synthesis ...
1 - Wk 1-2
... glucose transporters which are described as either insulin-sensitive or insulininsensitive. Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle, as well as adipose tissue contain GLUT4 glucose transporters which are insulin-sensitive. This means without insulin, glucose uptake is not possible, and the processes of Glycolys ...
... glucose transporters which are described as either insulin-sensitive or insulininsensitive. Cardiac and Skeletal Muscle, as well as adipose tissue contain GLUT4 glucose transporters which are insulin-sensitive. This means without insulin, glucose uptake is not possible, and the processes of Glycolys ...
Bacterial Physiology Lec-8 Catabolism: Tricarboxylic acid cycle
... ,balance is maintained and no net carbon is lost. Cycle now enters the four carbon stage during which 2 oxidation steps yield; 1FADH2 and 3NADH per acetyl –CoA . GTP (a high – energy molecule equivalent to ATP) is produced from succinyl–CoA by substrate–level phosphorylation. Oxaloacetate is reforme ...
... ,balance is maintained and no net carbon is lost. Cycle now enters the four carbon stage during which 2 oxidation steps yield; 1FADH2 and 3NADH per acetyl –CoA . GTP (a high – energy molecule equivalent to ATP) is produced from succinyl–CoA by substrate–level phosphorylation. Oxaloacetate is reforme ...
Slide 1
... are central to whole body amino acid catabolism. Ammonia released from aa oxidation is transported to the liver in the form of glutamine for urea synthesis. Alanine production from the muscles serves as the main gluconeogenic precursor for both liver and kidney. ...
... are central to whole body amino acid catabolism. Ammonia released from aa oxidation is transported to the liver in the form of glutamine for urea synthesis. Alanine production from the muscles serves as the main gluconeogenic precursor for both liver and kidney. ...
Slide 1
... like NAD+ is FAD – They “carry” e- from glucose to a series of proteins found along the cristae of the mitochondrion called the electron transport ...
... like NAD+ is FAD – They “carry” e- from glucose to a series of proteins found along the cristae of the mitochondrion called the electron transport ...
10 BIO By dr. bp karn Q1.What do you mean by nutrition?
... Q33.What is the function of the trachea ?why does its wall not even when there is less air in it ? Q34.Why does the lack of oxygen in muscles open often leave to cramps among cricketers ? Q35.Why do aquatic organisms breathe faster than the terrestrial organisms ? ...
... Q33.What is the function of the trachea ?why does its wall not even when there is less air in it ? Q34.Why does the lack of oxygen in muscles open often leave to cramps among cricketers ? Q35.Why do aquatic organisms breathe faster than the terrestrial organisms ? ...
Biology 123 SI-Dr. Raut`s Class Session 10
... * I will not be covering glycolysis again. However, at the beginning of the session I will ask for questions, so feel free to ask about any aspects that are confusing. 1. How does the pyruvate that gets produced by glycolysis get to the citric acid cycle? What is this step called? Draw it out. First ...
... * I will not be covering glycolysis again. However, at the beginning of the session I will ask for questions, so feel free to ask about any aspects that are confusing. 1. How does the pyruvate that gets produced by glycolysis get to the citric acid cycle? What is this step called? Draw it out. First ...
Nutrient cycles - VBIOLOGY
... The Products of the Link Reaction go to the Krebs Cycle and the ETC So for each glucose molecule: 2 acetylcoenzyme A (go into the Krebs cycle) ...
... The Products of the Link Reaction go to the Krebs Cycle and the ETC So for each glucose molecule: 2 acetylcoenzyme A (go into the Krebs cycle) ...
Energy, enzymes and metabolism
... Covalent bond in which carbon atom has greater share of electron pair Covalent bond in which oxygen atom has greater share of electron pair ...
... Covalent bond in which carbon atom has greater share of electron pair Covalent bond in which oxygen atom has greater share of electron pair ...
Ch 19 - Chemistry Courses: About
... • Looks allosteric, but this is monomeric enzyme • May be due to conformational change upon product release— stays in active state at high concentration of glucose ...
... • Looks allosteric, but this is monomeric enzyme • May be due to conformational change upon product release— stays in active state at high concentration of glucose ...
Ch 9 Homework Plan - Dublin City Schools
... Read p. 172-174 (Section 9.4) and take notes Understand the following figures: 9.13, 9.14, 9.17 Answer the following questions: o Explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis o Describe the proce ...
... Read p. 172-174 (Section 9.4) and take notes Understand the following figures: 9.13, 9.14, 9.17 Answer the following questions: o Explain how the exergonic “slide” of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP by chemiosmosis o Describe the proce ...
Finals Practice Exam
... potential. Other molecules in the cell are capable of storing potential energy for transferring other chemical groups. What molecule was encountered in our study of metabolism that possesses a different type of group transfer potential, and what class of compounds does it represent? ...
... potential. Other molecules in the cell are capable of storing potential energy for transferring other chemical groups. What molecule was encountered in our study of metabolism that possesses a different type of group transfer potential, and what class of compounds does it represent? ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑