Monday Oct
... • Oxidative: at peak activity rely on full aerobic cellular respiration – many mitochondria, enzymes for oxidative phosphorylation, numerous capillaries, lots of myoglobin (red) ...
... • Oxidative: at peak activity rely on full aerobic cellular respiration – many mitochondria, enzymes for oxidative phosphorylation, numerous capillaries, lots of myoglobin (red) ...
Respiration: Occurs in two places in the cell Cytoplasm and
... The RXNs of Respiration: Electron Transport Chain Chemiosmosis and the proton (H+) motive force Linking e- transport and H+ shuttling to ATP synthesis NADH + H+ ...
... The RXNs of Respiration: Electron Transport Chain Chemiosmosis and the proton (H+) motive force Linking e- transport and H+ shuttling to ATP synthesis NADH + H+ ...
Volatile Fatty Acids
... energy source by ruminants. The tissue use of VFA is lower than tissue use of the sugars (e.g., glucose). ~10 % of energy consumed goes towards fermentation (methane). ...
... energy source by ruminants. The tissue use of VFA is lower than tissue use of the sugars (e.g., glucose). ~10 % of energy consumed goes towards fermentation (methane). ...
BIO 101
... b. What is/are its beginning substrate(s)? How many carbon do/does this/these molecule(s) contain? c. Which mechanism(s) is/are used to produce ATP in this cycle? Describe/Explain. d. How many “trips” through this cycle can be fueled by 1 molecule of Acetyl CoA? e. How many electron carriers are pr ...
... b. What is/are its beginning substrate(s)? How many carbon do/does this/these molecule(s) contain? c. Which mechanism(s) is/are used to produce ATP in this cycle? Describe/Explain. d. How many “trips” through this cycle can be fueled by 1 molecule of Acetyl CoA? e. How many electron carriers are pr ...
Chemoheterotrophs Chemoheterotrophs: Fat β (beta)
... •Fermentation OR aerobic respiration (Krebs, ETC) •Anaerobic respiration (ETC without oxygen as electron acceptor) •Catabolism of proteins for energy: •Deamination for aerobic respiration (products enter Krebs cycle) •Decarboxylation in absence of oxygen ...
... •Fermentation OR aerobic respiration (Krebs, ETC) •Anaerobic respiration (ETC without oxygen as electron acceptor) •Catabolism of proteins for energy: •Deamination for aerobic respiration (products enter Krebs cycle) •Decarboxylation in absence of oxygen ...
Cellular Respiration and Fermentation
... b) Taking electrons from food and giving them to phosphate to make ATP c) Taking electrons from food and giving them to oxygen to make water, and using the energy released to make ATP d) Converting higher energy organic molecules to lower-energy organic molecules, and using the energy released to ...
... b) Taking electrons from food and giving them to phosphate to make ATP c) Taking electrons from food and giving them to oxygen to make water, and using the energy released to make ATP d) Converting higher energy organic molecules to lower-energy organic molecules, and using the energy released to ...
Slide 1
... –FADH2 and NADH, release H’s so they can attach to oxygen and produce water –Energy is released as a result of breaking down these molecules. ...
... –FADH2 and NADH, release H’s so they can attach to oxygen and produce water –Energy is released as a result of breaking down these molecules. ...
Cell Size and Shape
... nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) When it accepts hydrogen, it becomes NADH NADH is an energy rich compound that will be used in the aerobic stage of respiration ...
... nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) When it accepts hydrogen, it becomes NADH NADH is an energy rich compound that will be used in the aerobic stage of respiration ...
Document
... Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is an important cofactor of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, or PDC a critical enzyme in glucose metabolism. Thiamine is neither synthesized nor stored in good amounts by most vertebrates. It is required in the diets of most vertebrates. Thiamine deficiency ultimately cau ...
... Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is an important cofactor of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, or PDC a critical enzyme in glucose metabolism. Thiamine is neither synthesized nor stored in good amounts by most vertebrates. It is required in the diets of most vertebrates. Thiamine deficiency ultimately cau ...
Cell Respiration Test
... a. Gains electron and gains potential energy b. Loses electrons and loses potential energy c. Gains electrons and loses potential energy d. Loses electrons and gains potential energy 21. When a molecule of NAD+ gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the molecule becomes: a. Dehydrogenated b. Oxidized ...
... a. Gains electron and gains potential energy b. Loses electrons and loses potential energy c. Gains electrons and loses potential energy d. Loses electrons and gains potential energy 21. When a molecule of NAD+ gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the molecule becomes: a. Dehydrogenated b. Oxidized ...
Cellular Respiration
... Motive Force) through ATP Synthase to make ATP. All NADH and FADH2 converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration. Each NADH converts to 3 ATP. Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP (enters the ETC at a lower level than NADH). ...
... Motive Force) through ATP Synthase to make ATP. All NADH and FADH2 converted to ATP during this stage of cellular respiration. Each NADH converts to 3 ATP. Each FADH2 converts to 2 ATP (enters the ETC at a lower level than NADH). ...
II. Pre-test to identify student misconceptions prior to addressing the
... Glycolysis produces ATP by substrate level phosphorylation. True ...
... Glycolysis produces ATP by substrate level phosphorylation. True ...
CELLULAR RESPIRATION - Ms. Tripp
... • The movement of electrons from one molecule to another is an oxidation-reduction reaction (redox). – the loss of electrons from one substance is oxidation – the addition of electrons to another substance is reduction • Cellular respiration uses redox reactions to harvest the chemical energy stored ...
... • The movement of electrons from one molecule to another is an oxidation-reduction reaction (redox). – the loss of electrons from one substance is oxidation – the addition of electrons to another substance is reduction • Cellular respiration uses redox reactions to harvest the chemical energy stored ...
B1, B2, B3 Revision - Wednesfield High School
... White blood cells: protect body against disease Red blood cells: transport oxygen from lungs to the tissues, disc shaped and no nucleus ...
... White blood cells: protect body against disease Red blood cells: transport oxygen from lungs to the tissues, disc shaped and no nucleus ...
NAD - wwphs
... Enzymes (Cytochromes) and ATP synthase on membrane to shuttle electrons and protons NADH, FADH2 gives up the H H+ + e Electrons are passed through the membrane proteins and the energy released is used to transport the H to the outer membrane The gradient established is the force needed to allow the ...
... Enzymes (Cytochromes) and ATP synthase on membrane to shuttle electrons and protons NADH, FADH2 gives up the H H+ + e Electrons are passed through the membrane proteins and the energy released is used to transport the H to the outer membrane The gradient established is the force needed to allow the ...
Cellular respiration
... 2. Anaerobic where there is no oxygen present Aerobic cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O +38 ATP There are four main steps in aerobic respiration: 1. Glycolysis is a series of enzyme catalyzed reaction by which glucose molecule is converted into two molecules of pyruvate. The produ ...
... 2. Anaerobic where there is no oxygen present Aerobic cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O +38 ATP There are four main steps in aerobic respiration: 1. Glycolysis is a series of enzyme catalyzed reaction by which glucose molecule is converted into two molecules of pyruvate. The produ ...
Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
... complex. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a bridge between glycolysis and aerobic metabolism – citric acid cycle. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and enzymes of cytric acid cycle are located in the matrix of ...
... complex. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a bridge between glycolysis and aerobic metabolism – citric acid cycle. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and enzymes of cytric acid cycle are located in the matrix of ...
ppt
... C6 H12O6 O2 6CO2 6H 2O To harness this energy, glucose is oxidized in a series of steps coupled to ATP synthesis Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, e- transport chain (Krebs cycle), (oxidative phosphorylation) ...
... C6 H12O6 O2 6CO2 6H 2O To harness this energy, glucose is oxidized in a series of steps coupled to ATP synthesis Glycolysis, citric acid cycle, e- transport chain (Krebs cycle), (oxidative phosphorylation) ...
1. Introduction
... Yeasts, that belong to the fungal kingdom, have been used for fermentation of food and beverages since ancient times and are today widely used for industrial production of chemicals, pharmaceuticals and proteins. In terms of biotechnological application yeasts have the advantage of being relatively ...
... Yeasts, that belong to the fungal kingdom, have been used for fermentation of food and beverages since ancient times and are today widely used for industrial production of chemicals, pharmaceuticals and proteins. In terms of biotechnological application yeasts have the advantage of being relatively ...
Cellular Respiration Chapter 8 Outline Glycolysis Transition
... A cellular process that requires oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. – Most often involves complete breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water. ! Energy within a glucose molecule is released slowly so that ATP can be produced gradually. ! NAD+ and FAD are oxidation-reduction enzymes active du ...
... A cellular process that requires oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. – Most often involves complete breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water. ! Energy within a glucose molecule is released slowly so that ATP can be produced gradually. ! NAD+ and FAD are oxidation-reduction enzymes active du ...
Biosynthesis of Essential Amino Acids
... 3. Tryptophan synthetase catalyses the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent reaction shown below. Enzyme bound indole is an intermediate in this reaction and the enzyme has two non-identical subunits. Propose a reasonable mechanism for the tryptophan synthetase reaction. ...
... 3. Tryptophan synthetase catalyses the pyridoxal phosphate-dependent reaction shown below. Enzyme bound indole is an intermediate in this reaction and the enzyme has two non-identical subunits. Propose a reasonable mechanism for the tryptophan synthetase reaction. ...
LAB 6 – Fermentation & Cellular Respiration INTRODUCTION
... and inorganic phosphate (Pi) is exergonic and thus releases energy which cells can use to do any number of things. Once hydrolyzed, ATP can be regenerated from ADP and Pi, though this is endergonic and thus requires energy. The energy needed to regenerate ATP is obtained from “food”, whatever that m ...
... and inorganic phosphate (Pi) is exergonic and thus releases energy which cells can use to do any number of things. Once hydrolyzed, ATP can be regenerated from ADP and Pi, though this is endergonic and thus requires energy. The energy needed to regenerate ATP is obtained from “food”, whatever that m ...
Chapter 7 - HCC Southeast Commons
... All organisms produce ATP by degradative pathways that extract chemical energy from glucose and other organic compounds Aerobic respiration yields the most ATP from each glucose molecule In eukaryotes, aerobic respiration is completed inside mitochondria ...
... All organisms produce ATP by degradative pathways that extract chemical energy from glucose and other organic compounds Aerobic respiration yields the most ATP from each glucose molecule In eukaryotes, aerobic respiration is completed inside mitochondria ...
SIB Fall 2010 Exam I
... Photosynthesis: light rxns. vs. dark rxns. Relationship between the two? basics of the light spectrum: 680 nm and 700 nm. What absorbed? What reflected? anatomy of a chloroplast what is in the reaction centers of the photosystems? In the antennae around the reaction centers? **remember NAD ...
... Photosynthesis: light rxns. vs. dark rxns. Relationship between the two? basics of the light spectrum: 680 nm and 700 nm. What absorbed? What reflected? anatomy of a chloroplast what is in the reaction centers of the photosystems? In the antennae around the reaction centers? **remember NAD ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑