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Chapter 8/9 Test - Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
1. Which of the following is true of metabolism in its entirety in all organisms?
a. Metabolism depends on a constant supply of energy from food.
b. Metabolism uses all of an organism’s resources.
c. Metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism
2. Which of the following involves a decrease in entropy?
a. Condensation reactions
b. Reactions that separate monomers
c. Depolymerization reactions
d. Hydrolysis reactions
3. Which term most precisely describes the cellular processe3s of breaking down larger molecules
into smaller ones?
a. Catabolism
b. Metabolism
c. Anabolism
d. Dehydration
4. Anabolic pathways _____________________:
a. Are usually highly spontaneous chemical reactions
b. Consume energy to build up polymers from monomers
c. Release energy as they degrade polymers to monomers
d. Consume energy to decrease the entropy of the organism and its environment
5. Which of the following is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics?
a. Energy cannot be created or destroyed
b. The entropy of the universe is decreasing
c. The entropy of the universe is constant
d. Energy cannot be transferred or transformed
6. For living organisms, which of the following is an important consequence of the first law of
thermodynamics?
a. The energy content of an organism is constant
b. The organism ultimately must obtain all of the necessary energy for life from its
environment
c. Organisms grow by converting energy into organic matter
7. Which of the following statements is representative of the second law of thermodynamics??
a. Conversion of energy from one form to another is always accompanied by some gain of
free energy
b. Without an input of energy, organisms would tend toward decreasing entropy
c. Cells require a constant input of energy to maintain their high level of organization
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Chapter 8/9 Test - Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
8. A system at equilibrium:
a. Consumes energy at a steady rate
b. Releases energy at a steady rate
c. Has zero kinetic energy
d. Can do no work
9. Which of the following is true for all exergonic reactions?
a. The products have more total energy than the reactants
b. The reaction proceeds with a net release of free energy
c. The reaction goes only in a forward direction: all reactants will be converted to
products, but no products will be converted to reactants
d. A net input of energy from the surroundings is required for the reactions to proceed
10. A chemical reaction with a positive ∆ G is best described as:
a. Endergonic
b. Enthalpic
c. Spontaneous
d. Exergonic
11. Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as
_____ is to ______.
a. Exergonic; spontaneous
b. Exergonic; endergonic
c. Free energy; entropy
d. Work; energy
12. Why is ATP an important molecule in metabolism:
a. Its hydrolysis provides an input of free energy for exergonic reactions
b. It provides energy coupling between exergonic and endergonic reactions
c. Its terminal phosphate group contains a strong covalent bond that, when hydrolyzed,
releases free energy
d. Its terminal phosphate bond has higher energy than the other two phosphate bonds
13. Catabolic pathways _____________:
a. Combine molecules into more energy-rich molecules
b. Supply energy, primarily in the form of ATP, for cell’s work
c. Are endergonic
d. Are spontaneous and do not require enzyme catalysis
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Chapter 8/9 Test - Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
14. A number of systems for pumping ions across membranes are powered by ATP. Such ATPpowered pumps are often called ATPases, although they do not often hydrolyze ATP unless they
are simultaneously transporting ions. Because small increases in calcium ions in the cytosol can
trigger a number of different intracellular reactions, cells keep the cystolic calcium
concentration quite low under normal conditions, using ATP-powered calcium pumps. For
example, muscle cells transport calcium from the cytosol into the membranous system known
as the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). If a resting muscle cell’s cytosol has a free calcium ion
concentration of 10-7 while the concentration in the SR is 10 -2 , then how is the ATPase acting?
a. ATPase activity must be powering an inflow of calcium from the outside of the cell into
the SR.
b. ATPase activity must be transferring Potassium ions to the SR to enable this to occur
c. ATPase activity must be pumping calcium from the cytosol to the SR against the
concentration gradient.
d. ATPase activity must be opening a channel for the calcium ions to diffuse back into the
SR along the concentration gradient
15. Reactants capable of interacting to form products in a chemical reaction must first overcome a
thermodynamic barrier known as the reaction’s:
a. Entropy
b. Activation energy
c. Equilibrium point
d. Free energy content
16. A noncompetitive inhibitor decreases the rate of an enzyme reaction by:
a. Binding at the active site of an enzyme
b. Changing the shape of an enzyme’s active site
c. Changing the free energy change of the reaction
d. Acting as a coenzyme for the reaction
17. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. In the mid 1990s, researchers discovered an enzyme in HIV
called protease. One the enzyme’s structure was known, researchers began looking for drugs
that would fit into the active site and block it. If this strategy for stopping HIV infections were
successful, it would be an example of what phenomenon?
a. Vaccination
b. Denaturation
c. Allosteric regulation
d. Competitive inhibition
18. Allosteric enzyme regulation is usually associated with:
a. Feedback inhibition
b. Activating activity
c. An enzyme with more than one subunit
d. The need for cofactors
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Chapter 8/9 Test - Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
19. Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs:
a. In glycolysis
b. In the citric acid cycle
c. In both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
20. The molecule that functions as a reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidationreduction reaction:
a. Gains electron and gains potential energy
b. Loses electrons and loses potential energy
c. Gains electrons and loses potential energy
d. Loses electrons and gains potential energy
21. When a molecule of NAD+ gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the molecule becomes:
a. Dehydrogenated
b. Oxidized
c. Reduced
d. Redoxed
22. Carbohydrates and fats are considered high-energy foods because they have a lot of:
a. Have a lot of oxygen atoms
b. Have no nitrogen in their makeup
c. Have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen
d. Are easily reduced
23. Starting with one molecule of glucose, the energy-containing products of glycolysis are:
a. 2 NAD+, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP
b. 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP
c. 2 FADH2, 2 pyruvate, and 4 ATP
d. 6 CO2, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP
24. Most of the CO2 from the catabolism of glucose is released during:
a. Glycolysis
b. Electron transport
c. Chemiosmosis
d. The citric acid cycle
25. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?
a. Glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
b. Oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle
c. Oxidative phosphorylation and fermentation
d. Fermentation and glycolysis
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Chapter 8/9 Test - Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
26. Which of the following events takes place in the electron transport chain?
a. The breakdown of glucose into two pyruvate molecules
b. The breakdown of an acetyl group to carbon dioxide
c. The extraction of energy from high-energy electrons remaining from glycolysis and the
citric acid cycle
d. Substrate-level phosphorylation
27. The electron-transport chain:
a. Is a series of redox reactions
b. Is a series of substitution reactions
c. Is driven by ATP consumption
d. Takes place in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells
28. Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location in
eukaryotic cells?
a. Cell wall
b. Mitochondrial matrix
c. Mitochondrial intermembrane space
d. Mitochondrial Matrix
29. When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane
and into the intermembrane space, the result is the:
a. Formation of ATP
b. Reduction of NAD+
c. Forcing of H+ ions through ATP Synthase
d. Lowering of pH in the mitochondrial matrix
30. In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP to ATP?
a. Energy released as electrons flows through the electron transport system
b. Energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation
c. Energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase, down their
electrochemical gradient
d. No external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic
31. Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one
molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) in aerobic cellular respiration?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 18-24
d. 30-32
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Chapter 8/9 Test - Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
32. The synthesis of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, using energy released by movement of
protons across the membrane, down their electrochemical gradient, is an example of :
a. Active transport
b. An endergonic reaction coupled to an exergonic reaction
c. A reaction with a positive Delta G
d. Allosteric regulation
33. Which of the following normally occurs regardless of whether or not oxygen is present?
a. Glycolysis
b. Fermentation
c. Citric acid cycle
d. Oxidative phosphorylation
34. In the absence of oxygen, yeast cells can obtain energy by fermentation, resulting in the
production of:
a. ATP, CO2, and ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
b. ATP, CO2, and lactate
c. ATP, NADH, and pyruvate
d. ATP, pyruvate, and acetyl CoA
35. Fatty acids usually have an even number of carbons in their structures. They are catabolized by
a process called beta-oxidation. The end products of the metabolic pathways are acetyl groups
of acetyl CoA molecules. The acetyl groups:
a. Directly enter the electron transport chain
b. Directly enter the energy-yielding stages of glycolysis
c. Are directly decarboxylated by pyruvate dehydrogenase
d. Directly enter the citric acid cycle
Standards:
21st CENTURY LIFE AND CAREERS, 9.3O1 Grade 12 CPI 5
SCIENCE, 1.HS-73 Grade 12 CPI DCI-2
SCIENCE, 1.HS-73 Grade 12 CPI SEP-1