CHAPTER 6
... 22.6 – Can Glucose Provide Electrons for Biosynthesis? Pentose Phosphate Pathway Hexose monophosphate shunt Phosphogluconate pathway 1. Provides NADPH for biosynthesis 2. Produces ribose-5-P for nucleotide synthesis • Several metabolites of the pentose phosphate pathway can also be shuttled into gl ...
... 22.6 – Can Glucose Provide Electrons for Biosynthesis? Pentose Phosphate Pathway Hexose monophosphate shunt Phosphogluconate pathway 1. Provides NADPH for biosynthesis 2. Produces ribose-5-P for nucleotide synthesis • Several metabolites of the pentose phosphate pathway can also be shuttled into gl ...
METABOLISM IN HEALTH AND DISEASES I Lecture 2 Pentose
... 4. Both NADPH and ATP are needed but not ribose-5-phosphate • Under some conditions, both NADPH and ATP must be ...
... 4. Both NADPH and ATP are needed but not ribose-5-phosphate • Under some conditions, both NADPH and ATP must be ...
MULTIPLE CHOICE CARD GAME – HUMAN ANATOMY The cells of
... MULTIPLE CHOICE CARD GAME – HUMAN ANATOMY The cells of the human body constantly produce which waste product? a. carbon monoxide b. hydrogen peroxide c. carbon dioxide d. hydrogenated oil ...
... MULTIPLE CHOICE CARD GAME – HUMAN ANATOMY The cells of the human body constantly produce which waste product? a. carbon monoxide b. hydrogen peroxide c. carbon dioxide d. hydrogenated oil ...
Energy Transformation — Cellular Respiration
... When physicians recognized that the breakdown of fats released ketone bodies, they were able to diagnose diseases such as diabetes and anorexia more easily, because people with these illnesses have bad breath. In starvation and severe diabetes mellitus, the body does not metabolize sugars properly, ...
... When physicians recognized that the breakdown of fats released ketone bodies, they were able to diagnose diseases such as diabetes and anorexia more easily, because people with these illnesses have bad breath. In starvation and severe diabetes mellitus, the body does not metabolize sugars properly, ...
Human Cells Summary
... these ions back through the membrane synthesises ATP using the membrane protein ATP synthase. The final electron acceptor is oxygen, which combines with hydrogen ions and electrons to form water. Substrates for respiration. The role of starch, glycogen, other sugar molecules, amino acids and fats in ...
... these ions back through the membrane synthesises ATP using the membrane protein ATP synthase. The final electron acceptor is oxygen, which combines with hydrogen ions and electrons to form water. Substrates for respiration. The role of starch, glycogen, other sugar molecules, amino acids and fats in ...
09LecturePresentation
... Concept 9.5: Fermentation and anaerobic respiration enable cells to produce ATP without the use of oxygen • Most cellular respiration requires O2 to produce ATP • Glycolysis can produce ATP with or without O2 (in aerobic or anaerobic conditions) • In the absence of O2, glycolysis couples with ferme ...
... Concept 9.5: Fermentation and anaerobic respiration enable cells to produce ATP without the use of oxygen • Most cellular respiration requires O2 to produce ATP • Glycolysis can produce ATP with or without O2 (in aerobic or anaerobic conditions) • In the absence of O2, glycolysis couples with ferme ...
160 GLUCOSE DECREASES DURING AMINO ACID
... The application of FU in the treatment of colon cancer is limited because of myeloid and gastrointestinal toxicity. It has been demonstrated that UR is able to rescue mice from the toxic effects of FU, which precludes the use of higher FU doses. Antitumor effect and toxicity were studied in two muri ...
... The application of FU in the treatment of colon cancer is limited because of myeloid and gastrointestinal toxicity. It has been demonstrated that UR is able to rescue mice from the toxic effects of FU, which precludes the use of higher FU doses. Antitumor effect and toxicity were studied in two muri ...
Chapter 4 Study Guide
... The citric acid cycle, also called the ________________, is a series of chemical reactions similar to the Calvin cycle in that the molecule used in the first reaction is also one of the end products. ______________ is broken down before the Krebs cycle. CO2 is released, NADH is produced, coenzyme a ...
... The citric acid cycle, also called the ________________, is a series of chemical reactions similar to the Calvin cycle in that the molecule used in the first reaction is also one of the end products. ______________ is broken down before the Krebs cycle. CO2 is released, NADH is produced, coenzyme a ...
Glycolysis and Anaerobic Respiration Lecture Notes
... • Most of the ATP produced by cells uses a complex electron transport chain in which oxygen is the final electron acceptor. Because the process uses oxygen, it is called aerobic respiration. • When cells are forced to work without enough oxygen they can produce ATP and continue working for short per ...
... • Most of the ATP produced by cells uses a complex electron transport chain in which oxygen is the final electron acceptor. Because the process uses oxygen, it is called aerobic respiration. • When cells are forced to work without enough oxygen they can produce ATP and continue working for short per ...
MATTER INTO ENERGY ENERGY INTO MATTER - TJ
... 1. Energy is required for all cellular biochemical reactions in a body. Energy causes molecules in the cells to be rearranged. This is a matter-energy relationship for biology. • Adenosine TriPhosphate- The molecule that is commonly used as a direct source of energy by organisms. A molecule that is ...
... 1. Energy is required for all cellular biochemical reactions in a body. Energy causes molecules in the cells to be rearranged. This is a matter-energy relationship for biology. • Adenosine TriPhosphate- The molecule that is commonly used as a direct source of energy by organisms. A molecule that is ...
Paper - IndiaStudyChannel.com
... (A) Glycine (B) Uric acid (C) Urea (D) Arginine 14. A hereditary childhood disease, galactosemia, is characterized by a : (A) high level of liver UDP-galactose (B) lack of glucose 1-phosphate (C) very low galactose 1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity in liver (D) lack of galactokinase 15. Biosynt ...
... (A) Glycine (B) Uric acid (C) Urea (D) Arginine 14. A hereditary childhood disease, galactosemia, is characterized by a : (A) high level of liver UDP-galactose (B) lack of glucose 1-phosphate (C) very low galactose 1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity in liver (D) lack of galactokinase 15. Biosynt ...
Photosynthesis
... • Substances in organisms that can absorb light. • The color that you see is the one being REFLECTED • CHLOROPHYLL is the major photosynthetic pigment in plants • 2 types: chlorophyll a – directly involved in transformation of photons to chemical energy chlorophyll b – helps trap other wavelengths a ...
... • Substances in organisms that can absorb light. • The color that you see is the one being REFLECTED • CHLOROPHYLL is the major photosynthetic pigment in plants • 2 types: chlorophyll a – directly involved in transformation of photons to chemical energy chlorophyll b – helps trap other wavelengths a ...
Acyl-CoA synthetases : Fatty acid +CoA + ATP → fatty acyl
... Palmitoyl-CoA + 7 CoA + 7 FAD + 7 NAD+ + 7 H2O 8 actyl-CoA + 7 FADH2 + 7 NADH + 7 H+ ...
... Palmitoyl-CoA + 7 CoA + 7 FAD + 7 NAD+ + 7 H2O 8 actyl-CoA + 7 FADH2 + 7 NADH + 7 H+ ...
ATP/NADH Ledger
... Proteins are utilized by deaminating their amino acids, and then metabolizing the product. • Fats are utilized by beta-oxidation. ...
... Proteins are utilized by deaminating their amino acids, and then metabolizing the product. • Fats are utilized by beta-oxidation. ...
What are macromolecules?
... membranes and as waterproof coverings Formed from smaller molecules through ...
... membranes and as waterproof coverings Formed from smaller molecules through ...
Lecture 22 - Introduction to Metabolism: Regulation Key Concepts
... anabolic pathways utilize energy available from the hydrolysis of ATP and the oxidation of reducing equivalents (primarily NADPH) to synthesize biomolecules for the cell. Importantly, catabolic and anabolic pathways are active at the same time in the cell and many metabolites serve as both substrate ...
... anabolic pathways utilize energy available from the hydrolysis of ATP and the oxidation of reducing equivalents (primarily NADPH) to synthesize biomolecules for the cell. Importantly, catabolic and anabolic pathways are active at the same time in the cell and many metabolites serve as both substrate ...
Understanding Our Environment
... Resulting complexes split into twelve 3PGA molecules. NADPH and ATP (from light dependent reactions) supply energy and electrons that reduce the twelve 3PGA to 12 GA3P. Ten of the twelve GA3P molecules are restructured into six RuBP molecules using another 6 ATPs. The remaining two GA3P are us ...
... Resulting complexes split into twelve 3PGA molecules. NADPH and ATP (from light dependent reactions) supply energy and electrons that reduce the twelve 3PGA to 12 GA3P. Ten of the twelve GA3P molecules are restructured into six RuBP molecules using another 6 ATPs. The remaining two GA3P are us ...
Exam I will be on lectures 1 to 6 (Introduction to )
... Which of the following characteristically form bilayers? a. Steroids b. Monosaccharides. c. Phospholipids d. Cellulose molecules e. Secondary metabolites How many different kinds of amino acids are used to build proteins? a. 5 b. 10 c. 20 d. 50 e. 100 Morphogenesis refers to: a. an irreversible incr ...
... Which of the following characteristically form bilayers? a. Steroids b. Monosaccharides. c. Phospholipids d. Cellulose molecules e. Secondary metabolites How many different kinds of amino acids are used to build proteins? a. 5 b. 10 c. 20 d. 50 e. 100 Morphogenesis refers to: a. an irreversible incr ...
D (+)-Glucose, anhydrous
... Glucose is a carbohydrate compound consisting of six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group and they are referred to as aldohexose. The glucose structure can exist in an open-chain (acyclic) and ring (cyclic) form. It occurs in many fruits, animal tissues and fluids, etc. Glucose has several optically d ...
... Glucose is a carbohydrate compound consisting of six carbon atoms and an aldehyde group and they are referred to as aldohexose. The glucose structure can exist in an open-chain (acyclic) and ring (cyclic) form. It occurs in many fruits, animal tissues and fluids, etc. Glucose has several optically d ...
Macromolecules chart
... DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS/ CONDENSATION Makes macromolecules by adding ATP and releasing water HYDROLYSIS (DIGESTION) Breaks down macromolecules by adding water Special bond names: Phosphodiester holds nucleotides together to form nucleic acids Peptide bond holds amino acids together to form amino acids ...
... DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS/ CONDENSATION Makes macromolecules by adding ATP and releasing water HYDROLYSIS (DIGESTION) Breaks down macromolecules by adding water Special bond names: Phosphodiester holds nucleotides together to form nucleic acids Peptide bond holds amino acids together to form amino acids ...
Organic Compounds Overview - Kenwood Academy High School
... – Chitin (compound in exoskeletons) ...
... – Chitin (compound in exoskeletons) ...
Chapter 2 - SCHOOLinSITES
... Newborn mammals have a specialized organ called brown fat, where cells burn fat to CO2 without capturing the energy to reduce electron carriers or make ATP. This energy may be used, instead, to a) synthesize glucose from CO2. b) directly power muscle contraction. c) provide energy for endergonic bio ...
... Newborn mammals have a specialized organ called brown fat, where cells burn fat to CO2 without capturing the energy to reduce electron carriers or make ATP. This energy may be used, instead, to a) synthesize glucose from CO2. b) directly power muscle contraction. c) provide energy for endergonic bio ...
... the F26P levels, inhibiting PFK-1 so the liver doesn’t reduce it glucose levels further by trying to run glycolysis. The bisphosphatase is regulated in the opposite way, such that low F26P levels activate gluconeogenesis, such that glucose is synthesized since the levels are low. The net result of t ...
Artifact 1
... split the six carbon chain into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde. A deficiency of aldolase B is a more serious genetic defect that results in an accumulation of fructose‐1‐phosphate, and trapping of phosphate. Aldolase B is essential in carbohydrate metabolism as it catalyzes this ma ...
... split the six carbon chain into dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde. A deficiency of aldolase B is a more serious genetic defect that results in an accumulation of fructose‐1‐phosphate, and trapping of phosphate. Aldolase B is essential in carbohydrate metabolism as it catalyzes this ma ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑