Lecture 023--Photosynthesis 2 (Dark Reactions)
... Where did the CO2 come from? Where did the CO2 go? Where did the H2O come from? Where did the H2O go? Where did the energy come from? What’s the energy used for? What will the C6H12O6 be used for? Where did the O2 come from? Where will the O2 go? What else is involved that is not listed in this equa ...
... Where did the CO2 come from? Where did the CO2 go? Where did the H2O come from? Where did the H2O go? Where did the energy come from? What’s the energy used for? What will the C6H12O6 be used for? Where did the O2 come from? Where will the O2 go? What else is involved that is not listed in this equa ...
Biol 1020: Making ATP
... stepped nature of the electron transport chain allows for controlled release of energy, used to move protons and eventually to make ATP ...
... stepped nature of the electron transport chain allows for controlled release of energy, used to move protons and eventually to make ATP ...
2 Pyruvic Acid
... An enzyme called ATP synthase forms ATP by attaching a phosphate to ADP ATP synthase is powered by the transfer of e- along a chain protein complexes that form the ETC. The ETC produces 32-34 ATP per glucose Oxygen removes electrons from the final complex protein, so it is the final e- acceptor ...
... An enzyme called ATP synthase forms ATP by attaching a phosphate to ADP ATP synthase is powered by the transfer of e- along a chain protein complexes that form the ETC. The ETC produces 32-34 ATP per glucose Oxygen removes electrons from the final complex protein, so it is the final e- acceptor ...
Biosynthesis of monomers
... • Glucose synthesis from organic compounds – Process is called gluconeogenesis – Most cells can carry out gluconeogenesis from phosphoenolpyruvate – Many bacteria can use oxaloacetate as starting material ...
... • Glucose synthesis from organic compounds – Process is called gluconeogenesis – Most cells can carry out gluconeogenesis from phosphoenolpyruvate – Many bacteria can use oxaloacetate as starting material ...
very new glucogen me..
... Any substance can join to common pathway of gluconeogenesis is glycogenic ...
... Any substance can join to common pathway of gluconeogenesis is glycogenic ...
... 6. (8 pts) Select one of the following two questions. Please indicate your choice. Choice A: The aldolase reaction in glycolysis converts fructose-1-6-P to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. This reaction has a standard energy (∆Go) of +24 kJ/M, however during glycolysis the ...
problem set 5b assigned
... Activity Center: Choose molecular geometry Do Day 1: 1-5; Answer all questions and sketch all snapshots OR print out report ...
... Activity Center: Choose molecular geometry Do Day 1: 1-5; Answer all questions and sketch all snapshots OR print out report ...
CHEM 214 Elementary Biochemistry
... There are no make-up quizzes or exams. An hourly exam missed for a valid reason (first discussed with the instructor) will be replaced by the corresponding grade on the final (Final is then 65% of your total grade). The learning objectives for Chem 214 are the following: To gain an understanding of ...
... There are no make-up quizzes or exams. An hourly exam missed for a valid reason (first discussed with the instructor) will be replaced by the corresponding grade on the final (Final is then 65% of your total grade). The learning objectives for Chem 214 are the following: To gain an understanding of ...
Lecture 023--Photosynthesis 2 (Dark Reactions)
... Calvin Cycle PGAL end product of Calvin energy rich sugar 3 carbon compound “C3 photosynthesis” ...
... Calvin Cycle PGAL end product of Calvin energy rich sugar 3 carbon compound “C3 photosynthesis” ...
notes - Main
... to produce ATP. 3. Glucose can be used to form amino acids, which then can be incorporated into proteins. 4. Excess glucose can be stored by the liver and skeletal muscles as glycogen, a process called glycogenesis. 5. If glycogen storage areas are filled up, liver cells and fat cells can convert gl ...
... to produce ATP. 3. Glucose can be used to form amino acids, which then can be incorporated into proteins. 4. Excess glucose can be stored by the liver and skeletal muscles as glycogen, a process called glycogenesis. 5. If glycogen storage areas are filled up, liver cells and fat cells can convert gl ...
BIOLOGY CH9PPTOL NAME______________________
... Step 3: The energy from diffusion of H+ions through the channel portion of ATP synthase is used to catalyze a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to a molecule of ADP, producing ATP. Step 4: Light excites electrons in another chlorophyll molecule. The electrons are passed on to the 2nd chai ...
... Step 3: The energy from diffusion of H+ions through the channel portion of ATP synthase is used to catalyze a reaction in which a phosphate group is added to a molecule of ADP, producing ATP. Step 4: Light excites electrons in another chlorophyll molecule. The electrons are passed on to the 2nd chai ...
ch25 Metabolism
... to produce ATP. 3. Glucose can be used to form amino acids, which then can be incorporated into proteins. 4. Excess glucose can be stored by the liver and skeletal muscles as glycogen, a process called glycogenesis. 5. If glycogen storage areas are filled up, liver cells and fat cells can convert gl ...
... to produce ATP. 3. Glucose can be used to form amino acids, which then can be incorporated into proteins. 4. Excess glucose can be stored by the liver and skeletal muscles as glycogen, a process called glycogenesis. 5. If glycogen storage areas are filled up, liver cells and fat cells can convert gl ...
enzymes 194 kb enzymes
... appropriate atoms in the correct orientations. More importantly however, some of the binding energy contributes directly to the catalysis. They provide an alternative reactions pathway of lower activation energy, by passing substrate molecules through a series of intermediate steps of altered geomet ...
... appropriate atoms in the correct orientations. More importantly however, some of the binding energy contributes directly to the catalysis. They provide an alternative reactions pathway of lower activation energy, by passing substrate molecules through a series of intermediate steps of altered geomet ...
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex and Tricarboxylic Acid
... • Converts acetyl-CoA to two CO2 while conserving the free energy for ATP production. – The energy is stored as: three NADHs, one FADH2, and one GTP. • Intermediates from the TCA-cycle can be used to synthesize molecules such as amino acids and fatty acids. ...
... • Converts acetyl-CoA to two CO2 while conserving the free energy for ATP production. – The energy is stored as: three NADHs, one FADH2, and one GTP. • Intermediates from the TCA-cycle can be used to synthesize molecules such as amino acids and fatty acids. ...
Bio102 Problems
... B. This allows faster passive transport of small carbohydrates. C. This allows the organelle to have more copies of photosystems I and II and ATP synthase. D. The larger membrane improves its fluidity. E. This makes a more effective barrier to prevent protons from leaking through. 2. At the end of t ...
... B. This allows faster passive transport of small carbohydrates. C. This allows the organelle to have more copies of photosystems I and II and ATP synthase. D. The larger membrane improves its fluidity. E. This makes a more effective barrier to prevent protons from leaking through. 2. At the end of t ...
Document
... keep cellular respiration going? • Your body will continue by using glycolysis and fermentation ...
... keep cellular respiration going? • Your body will continue by using glycolysis and fermentation ...
1 All cells can harvest energy from organic molecules. To do this
... 2 ATP are used for activation energy and 4 ATP are produced by substrate level phosphorylation resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP. The oxidation of glucose releases 4 high energy electrons which are used to reduce 2 NAD+ to form 2 NADH. ...
... 2 ATP are used for activation energy and 4 ATP are produced by substrate level phosphorylation resulting in a net gain of 2 ATP. The oxidation of glucose releases 4 high energy electrons which are used to reduce 2 NAD+ to form 2 NADH. ...
Ch.24Pt.5_000
... People with low carnitine levels often have lipid deposition in the muscles, become irritable & weak. Severe disorders can be fatal! Companies selling nutritional products promote carnitine as an important dietary supplement. ...
... People with low carnitine levels often have lipid deposition in the muscles, become irritable & weak. Severe disorders can be fatal! Companies selling nutritional products promote carnitine as an important dietary supplement. ...
the krebs cycle
... Stage 1: ATP is being broken down into ADP + Pi. The bond between the terminal inorganic phosphate and the second is broken. This releases energy. Stage 2: The energy released from ATP is transferred into another cellular process. In this example it is the contract of muscle fibres. Stage 3: If ther ...
... Stage 1: ATP is being broken down into ADP + Pi. The bond between the terminal inorganic phosphate and the second is broken. This releases energy. Stage 2: The energy released from ATP is transferred into another cellular process. In this example it is the contract of muscle fibres. Stage 3: If ther ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5/e
... electrons reduced disulfide bond and then acetyl moiety produced thioester bond Step 3: form acetyl-CoA Step 4 and 5: electron transfer to NAD ...
... electrons reduced disulfide bond and then acetyl moiety produced thioester bond Step 3: form acetyl-CoA Step 4 and 5: electron transfer to NAD ...
Ch. 6 Textbook PowerPoint
... • In alcohol fermentation – NADH is oxidized to NAD+ while converting pyruvate to CO2 and ethanol ...
... • In alcohol fermentation – NADH is oxidized to NAD+ while converting pyruvate to CO2 and ethanol ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑