Chapter 9
... • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through the proton, ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP • Th ...
... • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through the proton, ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP • Th ...
Chapters 1, 2, and 3
... Enzymes are named for their substrates and have an active site specific for the substrate. Coenzymes Many enzymes have nonprotein molecules, called coenzymes, to assist them. Some coenzymes, like NAD, remove hydrogen from substrates. Cellular Respiration The breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide ...
... Enzymes are named for their substrates and have an active site specific for the substrate. Coenzymes Many enzymes have nonprotein molecules, called coenzymes, to assist them. Some coenzymes, like NAD, remove hydrogen from substrates. Cellular Respiration The breakdown of glucose into carbon dioxide ...
Cellular Respiration
... 2. Two ATP molecules are used to start the process (‘energy investment phase’) 3. A total of 4 ATP’s are produced (net gain of 2 ATP) 4. 2 molecules of NADH are produced 5. Involves substrate level phosphorylation, lysis, oxidation and ATP formation 6. Controlled by enzymes: when ATP levels in the c ...
... 2. Two ATP molecules are used to start the process (‘energy investment phase’) 3. A total of 4 ATP’s are produced (net gain of 2 ATP) 4. 2 molecules of NADH are produced 5. Involves substrate level phosphorylation, lysis, oxidation and ATP formation 6. Controlled by enzymes: when ATP levels in the c ...
Notes
... 1g of glucose (sugar), when burned in the presence of ______________, releases 3811 calories of heat energy ___________- the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1 degree Celsius ...
... 1g of glucose (sugar), when burned in the presence of ______________, releases 3811 calories of heat energy ___________- the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of water 1 degree Celsius ...
File E-Leraning : METABOLISME
... • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 were passed down the ETC • As the electrons move down, energy released moves protons to create electrochemical gradient • Protons move through proton channels, and release energy to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi • The many processes of ATP synthesis are all continuou ...
... • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 were passed down the ETC • As the electrons move down, energy released moves protons to create electrochemical gradient • Protons move through proton channels, and release energy to synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi • The many processes of ATP synthesis are all continuou ...
Document
... compound. In these steps some energy is released to form ATP (the only ATP formed in glycolysis), and a hydrogen atom is also released. This hydrogen atom is very important as it stores energy, which is later used by the respiratory chain to make more ATP. The hydrogen atom is taken up and carried t ...
... compound. In these steps some energy is released to form ATP (the only ATP formed in glycolysis), and a hydrogen atom is also released. This hydrogen atom is very important as it stores energy, which is later used by the respiratory chain to make more ATP. The hydrogen atom is taken up and carried t ...
NAME_________________ 1 BIO 451 13th
... This question is presented in the form of a crossword puzzle. It is designed to test your familiarity with terms and concepts associated purine nucleotide metabolism. As with most crossword puzzles, following the clues is a parenthetical expression which indicates the number of letters/numbers requi ...
... This question is presented in the form of a crossword puzzle. It is designed to test your familiarity with terms and concepts associated purine nucleotide metabolism. As with most crossword puzzles, following the clues is a parenthetical expression which indicates the number of letters/numbers requi ...
Chapter 13 - TCA Cycle
... The third fate of glucose/pyruvate is complete oxidation to CO2 + H2O in the matrix of the mitochondrion. ...
... The third fate of glucose/pyruvate is complete oxidation to CO2 + H2O in the matrix of the mitochondrion. ...
Lecture 32 - People Server at UNCW
... Parts of two muscle cells Thick and thin filaments interdigitate, but not arranged in sarcomeres Thin filaments anchored to dense bodies Muscle fibers connected by gap junctions ...
... Parts of two muscle cells Thick and thin filaments interdigitate, but not arranged in sarcomeres Thin filaments anchored to dense bodies Muscle fibers connected by gap junctions ...
(a) (b)
... intracellular concentration of glucose low, favoring faciliated diffusion of glucose into the cell. In addition, because regulatory control can be imposed only on reactions not at equilibrium, the favorable thermodynamics of this first reaction makes it an important site for regulation. ...
... intracellular concentration of glucose low, favoring faciliated diffusion of glucose into the cell. In addition, because regulatory control can be imposed only on reactions not at equilibrium, the favorable thermodynamics of this first reaction makes it an important site for regulation. ...
Biomolecules
... All living things are Carbon based. Biomolecules = 4 essential carbon based molecules http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/11_00/crystal_structure_image.shtml ...
... All living things are Carbon based. Biomolecules = 4 essential carbon based molecules http://www.genomenewsnetwork.org/articles/11_00/crystal_structure_image.shtml ...
21. glycolysis
... on some other common hexoses such as fructose and mannose. The activity of hexokinase is inhibited by the product of the raction (i.e., glucose 6-phosphate) which binds the enzyme at an allosteric site. Hexokinase has a high affinity (i.e., low Km value of about 1.0 mM) for Fig. 21–5. Computer graph ...
... on some other common hexoses such as fructose and mannose. The activity of hexokinase is inhibited by the product of the raction (i.e., glucose 6-phosphate) which binds the enzyme at an allosteric site. Hexokinase has a high affinity (i.e., low Km value of about 1.0 mM) for Fig. 21–5. Computer graph ...
Concept Sheet for Semester 2 material - mvhs
... Photoperiodism and control of flowering; short-day vs. long-day palnts Redox reactions – LEO, GER; where do electrons originate, what pulls them away Light- Dependent Reactions – location, purpose; role of chlorophyll, water and photosystems; how is ATP/NADPH produced; reason for noncyclic vs. cycli ...
... Photoperiodism and control of flowering; short-day vs. long-day palnts Redox reactions – LEO, GER; where do electrons originate, what pulls them away Light- Dependent Reactions – location, purpose; role of chlorophyll, water and photosystems; how is ATP/NADPH produced; reason for noncyclic vs. cycli ...
Name Class Date Reviewing Key Concepts Identifying On the lines
... carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, or proteins. 1. the main source of energy for living things 2. help carry out chemical reactions 3. important parts of biological membranes 4. contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon 5. transport substances in and out of cells 6. composed of a ...
... carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, or proteins. 1. the main source of energy for living things 2. help carry out chemical reactions 3. important parts of biological membranes 4. contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon 5. transport substances in and out of cells 6. composed of a ...
Exam #2
... Glycolytic Pathway (Embden-Meyerhof); know overall inputs and outputs; what happens in the two stages (Investment and Yield). What is substrate level phosphorylation? Which are the key “pacemaker enzyme” steps. What are the major similarities and differences between Glycolysis and Entner-Doudoroff P ...
... Glycolytic Pathway (Embden-Meyerhof); know overall inputs and outputs; what happens in the two stages (Investment and Yield). What is substrate level phosphorylation? Which are the key “pacemaker enzyme” steps. What are the major similarities and differences between Glycolysis and Entner-Doudoroff P ...
Chapters 5-8a
... 1. Something that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction, but is not used up in that reaction called a: a. catalyst b. catabolic molecule c. coenzyme d. ATP 2. The amount of energy it takes to get a chemical reaction going is known as a. starting energy b. ATP c. activation energy d. denaturation 3. ...
... 1. Something that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction, but is not used up in that reaction called a: a. catalyst b. catabolic molecule c. coenzyme d. ATP 2. The amount of energy it takes to get a chemical reaction going is known as a. starting energy b. ATP c. activation energy d. denaturation 3. ...
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
... 1. Anabolic and catabolic pathways are reciprocally regulated. example: fatty acid synthesis and degradation are not both turned on simultaneously. 2. Catabolic and anabolic pathways that connect the same two end points may use many of the same endpoints but at least one step is catalyzed by differe ...
... 1. Anabolic and catabolic pathways are reciprocally regulated. example: fatty acid synthesis and degradation are not both turned on simultaneously. 2. Catabolic and anabolic pathways that connect the same two end points may use many of the same endpoints but at least one step is catalyzed by differe ...
Glycolysis II
... an overload of acetylCoA, which the liver converts to acetate, acetone, acetoacetate, and beta-OH butyrate. These are the so-called ketone bodies that appear in the blood, sweat and breath of individuals that are starving, or suffering from untreated diabetes mellitus. Some of them are acids, so the ...
... an overload of acetylCoA, which the liver converts to acetate, acetone, acetoacetate, and beta-OH butyrate. These are the so-called ketone bodies that appear in the blood, sweat and breath of individuals that are starving, or suffering from untreated diabetes mellitus. Some of them are acids, so the ...
Biochemistry Lecture 15
... • If not enough blood glu • stim’n ad cyclase/cAMP/prot kinase pathway if gluconeogenesis nec because not enough nutrient glu avail to maintain sufficient [blood glu] ...
... • If not enough blood glu • stim’n ad cyclase/cAMP/prot kinase pathway if gluconeogenesis nec because not enough nutrient glu avail to maintain sufficient [blood glu] ...
Chapter 16 Citric Acid Cycle
... Cycle is nice 1 oxaloacetate can oxidized infinite # of acetate 4, 5, & 6C intermediates serve both and sources for synthesis of other compounds, and a ways to bring in other compound for oxidation In eukaryote entire cycle and the subsequent oxidative phosphorylation take place in mitochondria in p ...
... Cycle is nice 1 oxaloacetate can oxidized infinite # of acetate 4, 5, & 6C intermediates serve both and sources for synthesis of other compounds, and a ways to bring in other compound for oxidation In eukaryote entire cycle and the subsequent oxidative phosphorylation take place in mitochondria in p ...
Medical Biochemistry Review #2 By
... Glucokinase: Found in the Liver and pancreatic b cells Also a ‘hexokinase’ High specificity for glucose High Km inhibited by fructose-6-phosphate ...
... Glucokinase: Found in the Liver and pancreatic b cells Also a ‘hexokinase’ High specificity for glucose High Km inhibited by fructose-6-phosphate ...
Proseminar 3: Questions and Answers
... Q 5. How is cholesterol finally degraded (it could not be circulating in the body for ever)? Answer: FK: There is no degradation, but cholesterol is metabolised to steroids (quantitatively insignificant) and bile acids. Most of the bile acids and salts secreted into the intestine (>90%) are re-absor ...
... Q 5. How is cholesterol finally degraded (it could not be circulating in the body for ever)? Answer: FK: There is no degradation, but cholesterol is metabolised to steroids (quantitatively insignificant) and bile acids. Most of the bile acids and salts secreted into the intestine (>90%) are re-absor ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑